Transcript Hearing - Moline High School

Hearing
Module 20
Hearing
O Audition or Auditory Sense
O We hear sound waves
O Frequency
O Amplitude (intensity)
O Purity determines timbre (sound quality)
Intensity of Sound
O Decibels
O Measuring unit
for sound energy
Ear
O Three Parts
O Outer
O Middle
O Inner
Outer Ear
O Pinna
O Visible outer ear
O Auditory Canal
O Ear canal
O Tympanic membrane
O eardrum
Middle Ear
O Ossicles
O 3 smallest bones
in body
O Amplify vibrations
from the eardrum
and focus them
onto the oval
window
Inner Ear
O Two sense organs
O Cochlea
O Hearing
O Fluid filled and coiled tube where
sound waves are converted
O Transduction happens here
Inner Ear
Inner Ear
O Two sense organs
O Semicircular canals
O Balance
O Contains fluid that moves when
the head rotates or tilts
Path of sound in ear
O Auditory canal
O Eardrum
O Ossicles
O Cochlea
O Basilar membrane
O Auditory nerve
O Thalamus
Hearing Theories
O Process of transduction
occurs in the cilia (hair
cells) of the basilar
membrane
O Two Theories
O Helmholtz place
theory
O Frequency theory
(Helmholtz) Place Theory
O Depends on the place
where the cochlea’s
membrane is stimulated
O Some hairs vibrate for
high pitch; others for low
pitch
Frequency Theory
O Depends on the rate of nerve impulses
traveling up the auditory nerve
O Entire basilar membrane acts like a
microphone – all hairs vibrate just at
different speeds
Deafness
O Conduction deafness
O Loss of hearing caused by something going
wrong with the vibrations through the ear
O Nerve (sensorineural) deafness
O Loss of hearing that results from damage to the
cochlea, hair cells, or auditory neurons.
O Loud noises cause this loss
Did you know?
O Reducing or
eliminating one
sense can improve
others? This is why
when kissing, one
minimizes distraction
and increase their
touch sensitivity by
closing their eyes.
Touch
O Somatosensation
O Receptors located in
our skin
O Four skin senses
O Pressure
O Warmth
O Pain
O Cold
Touch
O Pain
O Good thing
O Tells us something
is wrong with our
body
O Life without pain
Gate Control Theory
of Pain
O Spinal cord contains a
neurological “gate”
that block pain signals
or allows them to pass
through
O Ted Talk
Taste
O Gustation
O Bumps on tongue
called papillae
O Taste buds are
located on the
papillae
O supertasters
Taste
O Five basic tastes
O Sweet
O Sour
O Salty
O Bitter
O Umami
O Savory taste
Smell
O Olfaction
O Fragrance molecules
reach receptors at
top of the nose
O Brain’s olfactory bulb
O goes to Limbic
system
Smell
O Strongly linked to taste
and emotion
O Humans can detect
about 10,000 odors
O Women and young
adults have best
sense of smell
O Only sensation that
does not go to the
thalamus first