Transcript Are “fisheries data” - Indico

EGI-Engage:WP2
(NA2) Strategy,
Policy and
Communications
Removing legal barriers in the sharing of fisheries &
marine sciences data: an approach to relevant legal
interoperability issues (Bari, Nov 11th 2015)
Enrique Alonso García
Councillor of State of the Kingdom of Spain
Co-Chair of the RDA-CODATA legal interoperability IG
Member of the GEOSS Task Force on Data Management
Principles
Honorary Researcher Franklin Institute -UAH
•
Overarching framework: Open data? Open science? Science or business? Public vs. private vs. publicly
funded? Commercial vs. non-commercial? Big data fgor the ecnomy or bug data for science… and for public
policy? Data or data based web servces and e-infrastructures?
PART ONE
I.- Fisheries Data
1-a.- A traditional source of legal problems per se
1-b.- On-going reforms of fisheries data policies.
1.c.- “Legitimacy & credibility” of current crowdsourcing efforts.
1.c.- Consensus on main needs?
1.d.- The issue of confidentiality
II.- Marine data & marine biodiversity data sets
2.a.- Multiple isolated data sets. Isolated communities
2.b.- Good georeferencing tools?
2.c.- Harmonized rules or norms?
2.e.- On-going efforts to set semantic and syntactc interoperability; technica interoperability standards.
From datasets to efficient tools
III-- Toward e-science infrastructures for the management and efficient functionality of ALL relevant
marine data (defaunation, EBVs, other Bis)
PART TWO
IV.- Legal interoperability of data: Data Sharing and data management principles. GEOSS and RDA.
V.- Legal interoperabilty and web services & e-science infrastructures
VI.- Legal interoperability issues raised by community reach-out and crowdsourcinging of data for web
services and e-science infrastructures.
PART THREE
VII.- Tentative conclusions (issues to debate)
GENERATIVITY: science /economy
Jonathan L. Zittrain
FISHERIES DATA AND DATA POLICY: PECULIAR
1.- Base for the framework of a “regulated market”. It is
business and public policy
2.- But…, science-based business
3.- Are “fisheries data” = “research data”?
4.- And opennes can be based on environmental
participation rights, not necessarily in open science
Open science/open access/public access/open data/open
source… only for research data or for publicly owned data?
PART ONE F & M DATA
I.- Fisheries Data: a traditional source of legal problems per se
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UNCLOS and fisheries data: not for internal waters; articles Articles 61 & 62 for EEZ and 119 (1) for HS. UNFSA1995: 5. 6. 14. 18.
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RFMOs more detailed for quotas (TACs, MAY…) and models
Main current problems of the Coordinating Working Party on Fishery Statistics (CWP):
1.- Within its own logic: Need to…
a.- formulate workable rules governing the collection of data, and establishing clear rules for data from chartered vessels,
b.- remove outmoded concepts such as giving a “nationality” to catch data
The 1999 Edeson´s Circular No. 953 exam did not solve it
2.- Other developments such as satellite-based VMS (2006 FAO analysis)
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VMS may not be a well suited control mechanism in all fisheries. Alternative VMS technologies should continue to be explored,
as appropriate, in particular for small-scale fisheries;
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Need to integrate other databases with VMS information, so its full potential could be realized. This integration should unite
VMS, the MCS knowledge framework and the management regime.
•
Need to integrate a wide variety of information that is presently collected, at the national level such as vessel registration data,
fishery management data regarding catches, effort, gear, license information and logbook data,
3.- PROS AND CONS OF CONFIDENTIALITY (VESSELS AND OBSERVERS) PART 600—MAGNUSON-STEVENS ACT PROVISIONS
4.- Detailed work of the Coordinating Working Party on Fishery Statistics (CWP) . No changes in the new mandate
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CWP Handbook of Fishery Statistical Standards
How to access the data:
1) FishStatJ - Software for fishery statistical time series offers experts and scientists a stand-alone application for complex and
sophisticated data exploration and extraction.
2) Online Query Panels enable advanced users to extract customized information and reports.
3) Yearbooks provide a full range of tables with detailed statistics. (Click here to navigate the CD-ROM).
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Other FAO Dpt F & A programmes supporting knowledge dissemination, global databases and information networks
NAS 2000 STUDY
Types of Data Collected by
• Fisheries related (FD and FI)
• Protected resources
(Endangered species–marine mammals sea turtles, etc.)
• Ecosystem Condition
(oceanography, habitat, other living marine resources)
Several state and federal programs collect fishery-dependent
data from both the commercial and recreational fishing sectors to
inform fisheries and ecosystem management decisions
2014 Management Trends
•Fishery-dependent data are less available due to
fishery management actions such as:
•Closed seasons
•Minimum and Maximum size limits
•Smaller bag limits
•Gear restrictions
•Closed areas
•Need more fishery-independent data for
ecosystem-based assessments
•Use of spatial management measures has
increased
-better quality of less/more simple data
- beyond internal sector analysis notwithstanding rigid
controls in particular of coastal states controlled data
-(RFC Atlantic coast model)
CURRENT LEGAL SET UP FOR THE DATA COLLECTION FRAMEWORK
NEW 2013 FP: ARTICLE 25(2) SETS OUT
THE KEY PRINCIPLES FOR DATA COLLECTION:
- accuracy
- reliability and timeliness
- avoidance of duplication through improved coordination
- safe storage in database systems
- improved availability of data
- compliance with laws on personal data protection
- access for the european commission, enabling it to check the
availability and quality of data and the methodology used to collect
them
New Reg proposed 06/2015
(End-User emphasis)
Legal set up for the future Data Collection Framework
2 MAIN CHANGES OF EU FISHERIES DATA
POLICY
SAME DATA..:
-- MORE SIMPLE
--MORE TIMELY
--MORE USABLE
TYPICALLY VRES?…
FROM DATASETS TO
WEB SERVICES AND EINFRASTRUCTURES?
BEYOND “END USERS”
“OTHER SCIENTIFIC
COMMUNITIES” AT CALL
“INTERESTED PARTIES”
(MORE REVOLUTIONARY
THAN WHAT THE
COMMISSION
DESCRIBES)
CROWDSOURCING OF FISHERIES DATA SOURCES?
BEYOND THE SECTOR
–AND ITS OBSERVERS?
GOOD GIS?
New framework 1
New framework 2
Integral spatial planning
WHAT ABOUT FAO?
II.- Marine data; biodiversity data; marine
biodiversity data
2.a.- Multiple isolated data sets. Isolated
communities
2.b.- Good georeferencing tools?
2.c.- Harmonized rules or norms? RDA
2.e.- On-going efforts to set semantic
and syntactic interoperability; technical
interoperability standards. From
datasets to efficient tools
ACCESS
Retrieve and access data resources holding
marine biodiversity and ecosystem data. A
range of data systems offering data on
species names, traits, distribution and
genes.
ANALYZE
Online tools that facilitate data analysis of
marine biodiversity and ecosystem data.
Analysis is performed on data from known
data resources and/or data uploaded by the
user.
DEVELOP
Build your own marine
virtual lab making use
of a range of available
web services that
access and process
data. Service
catalogues and 'how
to' manuals help you
to develop your own
system.
Marine VRE
In Brazil
In the US
EU BASED BIODIVERSTY NETWORKS
SeaDataNet has established a close cooperation with IOC/IODE, EuroGOOS and the MyOcean
consortium. EuroGOOS is the association of national governmental agencies and research
organisations committed to European-scale operational oceanography within the context of the
intergovernmental Global Ocean Observing System. MyOcean is actively implementing the GMES
Marine Core Service, aiming at deploying pan-European capacity for Ocean Monitoring and
Forecasting. The cooperation focuses on improving the availability of high quality and harmonised
physical oceanography data sets in real-time and delayed mode (long term archives) in support of
operational oceanography.
Geo-Seas is implementing an e-infrastructure for the delivery and exchange of marine geological and
geophysical data from 26 European data centres.
EMODNet - European Marine Observation and Data Network is an EU initiative established within the
remit of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). It is a network of existing and
developing European observation systems, linked by a data management structure covering all
European coastal waters, shelf seas and surrounding ocean basins.
EUROFLEETS aims to enhance the coordination of the European research vessel fleet and promote the
cost-effective use of these vessels. SeaDataNet standards have been adopted to streamline the flow
of marine data from the research vessels to the data centres and SeaDataNet infrastructure.
JERICO - Joint European Research Infrastructure network for Coastal Observatories aims to develop
better coordination between the coastal observatories responsible for physical and bio-chemistry
parameters as well as contributing to the development of new sensors, procedures, quality control
strategies and exchange of know-how for setting up and operating coastal observatories.
WHAT ABOUT FAO?
III-- TOWARDS E-SCIENCE INFRASTRUCTURES FOR THE
MANAGEMENT AND EFFICIENT FUNCTIONALITY OF ALL
RELEVANT MARINE DATA, DEFAUNATION, EBVS, OTHER BIS
Essential
Biodiversity
Variables (EBVs)
Characteristics of EBV’s
• Ability to detect change (temporal sensitivity)
• Scalability
• Feasibility
• Relevance
• Biological
• Emphasis on state
Pereira et al. 2013 Science
Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs)
WHAT ABOUT FAO?
IV.- Legal interoperability: Data Sharing and data
management principles. GEOSS and RDA
From Open access to…
PART TWO IV.- Legal interoperability
1.- Interoperability standards and protocols.
08/04/2017
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none
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My Lab
ISO
Open…
FGDC
EML
DC
DwC
12 21 26 95 95 96 97
DIF
What metadata standard and other
standards do you currently use?
676
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Who decides open access? Governance, financing
or the scientific community itself?
?
?
?
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3.- “Legal interoperability”. What sort of Open access? Free access?
“Ownership” of the data? “ownership of the data bases”? “open
source” of the software? Terms of use?
?
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IV.- Legal interoperability: Data Sharing and data
management principles. GEOSS and RDA
3 Data Sharing Principles
10 Data Management
Principles
RDA/CODATA Legal Interoperability IG
10 Principles of on legal
interoperability
P2:Balance confidentioality?
P4 Harmonization?
P5 Metadata?
GEOSS Data Sharing Principles:
1.- There will be full and open exchange of data,
metadata and products shared within GEOSS,
recognizing relevant international instruments and
national policies and legislation;
2.- All shared data, metadata and products will be
made available with minimum time delay and at
minimum cost;
3.- All shared data, metadata and products being free
of charge or no more than cost of reproduction will
be encouraged for research and education.
Reprocess
• GEOSS Data Management Principles Document
 Preliminary version reviewed by GEO-XI in November 2014
 Incorporated in GEO Strategic Plan 2016-2025
o Short Version on Page 12 and Long Version in Reference Document
• GEOSS Data Management Principles Implementation Guidelines
 Preliminary Version is GEO-XII Document 10 (40 pages)
• DMP-TF Members and Partners
Data Management Principles Strategy
The value of Earth observations are maximized through data life-cycle
management based on ten Principles supporting five themes.
DISCOVERABILITY
DMP-1: Data and metadata will be discoverable
ACCESSIBILITY
DMP-2: Data will be accessible via online services
USABILITY
DMP-3: Encoding
DMP-5: Traceability
DMP-4: Documentation
DMP-6: Quality
PRESERVATION
DMP-7: Preservation
DMP-8: Verification
CURATION
DMP 9: Review and reprocessing
DMP 10: Persistent, unique and resolvable identifiers
ODIP SeaDataNet
R2R – (
IMOS IODE iMarine
BCDMO
In addition other more general data initiatives will also be consulted
and contribute to the RDA marine data group. These include: DataONE
(USA), COOPEUS (Europe), Australian National Data Service (ANDS),
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO,
Australia), EUDAT (Europe), EPOS (Europe) and EMODNET-Geology
(Europe)
Marine Data Harmonization IG
Biodiversity Data Integration IG
DRAFT PRINCIPLES ON THE LEGAL INTEROPERABILITY OF
RESEARCH DATA
1. ACCESS AND REUSE. FACILITATE ACCESS TO AND REUSE OF RESEARCH DATA
2. BALANCE. BALANCE THE LEGAL INTERESTS
3. HARMONIZATION. PROMOTE HARMONIZATION OF RIGHTS IN RESEARCH DATA
4. TRANSPARENCY AND CERTAINTY. STATE LEGAL RIGHTS CLEARLY.
5. METADATA. IMPROVE METADATA TO ENHANCE LEGAL INTEROPERABILITY.
6. ATTRIBUTION AND CREDIT. REAFFIRM THE VALUE OF GIVING CREDIT.
7. EQUITY. PROMOTE EQUITABLE ACCESS AND USE.
8. RESPONSIBILITIES. ENCOURAGE RESPONSIBILITY.
USE CASES
V.- Legal interoperability and web services
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•
•
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Public domain and copyright of aggregated data,
Liability
Issues around derived services
Sometimes: participatory
Terms of use or licenses
V.- Legal interoperabilIty and e-infrastructures for
big data management & VREs
Taxonomic data refinement
Workflow
BioSTIF
Taxonomic data refinement
Workflow
CoL 3 levels of attribution
• complete work
• contributing database of the record
• expert who provides taxonomic
scrutiny of the individual record.
Tool
license (s)
BioSTIF
GBIF data use agreement
• Respect restrictions of access to sensitive data.
• Identifier of ownership of data must be retained with every data record (through the
workflow)
• Publicly acknowledge the Data Publishers whose biodiversity data they have used.
• Any additional terms and conditions of use set by the Data Publisher.
High quality occurrence data
set
Select algorithm
Semi-automatized Ecological Niche
Modeling Workflow
Create model
Select parameter values for
the chosen algorithm
Assemble the model on CRIA
server
Test the performance of the
parameter in the model
Model test
Test performance of the
distribution prediction on the
model
Project Model with original
layers
Project Model with prediction
layers
Visualize results
Model projection
High quality occurrence data
set
Select algorithm
Select parameter values for
the chosen algorithm
Assemble the model on CRIA
server
Test the performance of the
parameter in the model
Semi-automatized Ecological Niche
Modeling Workflow
Create model
Select layers with environmental
factors that are likely to influence the
distribution of the species
Model test
Licenses on
environmental data layers
• Permissions to use
• AuthN/AuthZ
Moving data from one
service to another
Test performance of the
distribution prediction on the
model
Project Model with original
layers
• License on algorithm
• License on software
Model projection
Select prediction layers
Project Model with prediction
layers
Visualize results
• 3rd party software
• All issues associated
with publication
VI.- LEGAL INTEROPERABILITY ISSUES RAISED BY
CROWDSOURCING OF DATA FOR E-SCIENCE
INFRASTRUCTURES.
MANAGEMENT OF COMPLEXITY:
EXAMPLE: BIODIVERSITY DATA
Management of complexity:
NETWORK OF RULES
AND
NORMS
PART THREE
VII.- Tentative conclusions (issues to debate)
1.- Legal interopeability is both the legal regulation of data & the removal of obstacles to data sharing (IPRs,
standards, balancing of compelling State or Intl. interests –confidentiality…), as well as the technoques for
their harmonization
2.- From simple data access & reuse to web services and to e-infrastructures, … the legal issues increase in
number but remain “manageable”
3.- Community participation (end users plus stakeholders) needs additional legal or normative techniques or
practices, but they do also exist already in internet law practice
4.- The success of the data policy conditions the success of the policy itself (e.g. sustainable fisheries). The
integration of data from multuple scientific areas (including social data is unavoidable in marine big-data.
The ecosystem approach seems unavoidable. But the challenge (concerning legal interop issues) can be met
by looking at other areas of digital or internet law and practice
5.- Sometimes the technicalities are less developed than what the IT community pretends. Legal interop
might help streamline the process.
6.- On going developments can be applicable to fisheries data in order for such dta to become fully usable.
These include multiple aspects of legal interoperability such as decision trees, roadmaps, clear
understanding of principles… and machine-readable metadata on legal rights on data and onsoftware,
including apps, as well as common practice or models of waivers/agreements/licenses/terms of use/or
common understandings of publc domain dedications
7.- There is a NEED OF REAL USE CASES
Questions?