Transcript OceanUS Workshop

Status & Plans for Implementing the
Initial U.S. IOOS
1.
2.
3.
4.
1998 – 2004
Governance
The Initial System
Pilot Projects
Tom Malone
Director, OceanUS
University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science
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1998 NORLC Charged by Congress
Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS)
Provide Data/Info Required for
More Rapid Detection & Timely Prediction of State Changes
• Improve the safety & efficiency of marine operations
• Improve homeland security
• Mitigate effects of natural hazards more effectively
• Improve predictions of climate change & their effects
• Minimize public health risks
• Protect & restore healthy coastal marine ecosystems
more effectively
• Sustain living marine resources
1 System, 7 Goals
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• 1999 – NORLC Submits Provisional Design => Congress
• 2000 – NORLC creates OceanUS Office
• 2002 – OceanUS Workshop
 National consensus on priorities for developing the Initial IOOS
• 2003 – Regional Development Nationally
 NORLC/OSTP Approved design plan & implementation priorities =>
Congress
 OceanUS Regional Summit => Establish Regional Systems
 S.1400 authorizing $216 M for 1st year of IOOS
 Regional groups funded to establish Regional Associations
• 2004 – Commission on Ocean Policy (March)
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OceanUS Workshop: Building Regional Capacity (29-30 March)
OceanUS Implementation Plan for the Initial IOOS (April)
House version of S.1400 (??)
OceanUS Interagency – RA Planning Conference FY 2007 (July)
OceanUS Endorsced, NORLC Approved Integrated Plan with Agency
funding commitments FY 2007 (Sept)
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2003
Congress Directs NOAA & Its NORLC Partners
Submit an Implementation Plan
1) Specify an interagency governance structure
2) Define the roles & responsibilities of each agency
in the implementation & operation the system
3) Provide multi-year funding estimates by agency
4) Articulate a process for regional coordination &
technical support to ensure development of
 integrated regional systems as part of
 a national observing initiative
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Implementation Plan
Initial IOOS
• Part I – Structure and Governance
 Vision & design principles
 System architecture
 Planning  Implementation Cycle
• Part II – Building the Initial IOOS
 Integrate existing assets across Agencies
 Coordinated regional development
 Roles of participating NOPP Agencies
• Part III – Improving the IOOS
 Enhance the initial IOOS
 R&D priorities
 Multi-year budget projection
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Governance
• NORLC – “Governing Board”
 Responsible for IOOS development & operation
 Establishes policies & approves design & implementation plans
• OceanUS – Guided by Agency Priorities (via an Executive
Committee), USGSC & RAs
 Plans, endorses, coordinates & evaluates
• NOPP Agencies – Based on Agency Priorities & mutual benefits
 Implement, operate & improve the Global Ocean Component
(International collaboration) & National Coastal Backbone
 Fund Regional Coastal Ocean Observing Systems
• Regional Associations – Following IOOS Principles &
Requirements
 Design, implement, operate & improve Regional Coastal Ocean
Observing Systems
 Guide development of the National Backbone & may contribute to
its development
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A National Federation of Regional Associations
• Represent Regional Associations at Federal Level
 Enable effective communications among NOPP agencies & RAs
 Ensure evolution of a national backbone that meets regional
needs,
 Contribute to the development of common standards & protocols
& facilitate their use
 Promote development of & funding for Regional Coastal Ocean
Observing Systems nationwide
• Coordinate Development of Regional Associations
 Promote technology & information transfer
 Facilitate use of common standards & protocols
 Work with RAs to establish geographic boundaries as needed
• Periodically Recertify Regional Associations
• NFRA Representation
 Regional Associations
 Participating NOPP Agencies
 OceanUS (ex officio)
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National Weather Service
A Model for an Operational, End to End Observing System
Advice
Weather
Meteorology
&
Physical
Oceanography
NWS
Climate
Observing
System
• Climatologies
• Nowcasts
• Forecasts
• Future Casts
Climate
• Long Range Predictions
R&D Requirements
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IOOS Phenomena of Interest
Climate & Weather +
• Marine Ops, Hazards,
Security & Public Health
 Sea surface winds,
currents, ice & waves
 Sea level & bathymetry
 Storm surge, erosion,
susceptibility to natural
hazards
 Acoustic performance
 Propagation of
electromagnetic waves
 Human exposure to
• Contaminants
• Pathogens
• Ecosystem Health &
Natural Resources
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Habitat modification
Loss of biodiversity
Invasive species
Harmful algal events
Eutrophication
Disease & mass
mortalities
 Stocks of harvestable
resources
 Declining harvests
 Mariculture operations
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Detecting & Predicting Change
in Oceans & Coasts
Advice
Multi-D Foundation
Multiple Applications
• Marine Meteorology
• Oceanography
• Marine & Estuarine
Ecology
• Landscape
Ecology
• Medical Research
• Marine operations
• Public health & safety
• LMR Management
• Environmental
Protection
• ICAM
• Coastal Engineering
IOOS
R&D Requirements
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Basic Design Considerations
 System must be multi-scale & interdisciplinary
 System must provide rapid access to diverse data
from many sources
 Regions have both unique & common
requirements for data, data management &
analysis
 Many building blocks of the IOOS already exist
 Operational capabilities are most advanced for the
goals of marine operations, homeland security,
natural hazards, and climate prediction
 Major commitment to R&D required to realize the
potential of a fully integrated, sustained &
operational system
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U.S. IOOS
Two Interdependent Components
Global Ocean
Climate Component
GOOS/GCOS
Coastal Ocean
Component
National
Backbone
GoA
GLs NE
NW
H
Isl
SW
MAB
Regional
Observing
Systems
Go SE
Mex
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Coastal Component
Regional COOS’s
• Regional Associations
 Design
 Operate
• Involve user groups
 Design
 Evaluation
• Incorporate
National Backbone
• Operated by
 NOPP Agencies
 RAs
• EEZ & Great Lakes
• Core variables
 required by regions
• Networks
 sentinel stations
 reference stations
• Standards/Protocols
 QAQC, DMAC
 Products
 Subregional systems
 Elements thereof
• Based on User Needs
  Resolution
  Variables
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2002 OceanUS National Workshop
Core Variables
• Physical
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Temperature*, Salinity*
Bathymetry*
Sea level*
Surface waves*,
currents*
– Ice distribution
– Air/Sea heat flux
• Multidisciplinary
– Optical properties*
– Bottom character*
* Variables also recommended
• Chemical
– Dissolved inorganic
nutrient*
– Contaminants
– Dissolved oxygen*
• Biological
– Fish species,
abundance
– Zooplankton species,
abundance
– Phytoplankton species,
biomass (ocean color*)
– Pathogens
by COOP & EuroGOOS
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Global Products
Detect/Predict
ENSO, Extreme Weather, Climate Change
• Increase resolution of field estimates
 Sea surface winds
 SST & SSS
 Surface currents & waves
 Sea ice
• Improve sea level predictions
 Tides
 Long – term, secular changes
• More accurate estimates of changes in
 Heat & freshwater content of the oceans
 Air–Sea fluxes of heat, water & momentum
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National Coastal Backbone: EEZ, Great Lakes
Effects of ENSO, Extreme Weather, Climate Change, & People
• Extend global products into coastal waters +
• Detect changes in ecological properties more rapidly
 Surface & interior chlorophyll (fields)
 Macrozooplankton biomass distributions
 Maps of extent & condition of critical benthic habitats
• coral reefs, SAV,
• tidal marshes & mangrove forests
• Quantify resources more accurately & rapidly
 Spawning stock size & distribution of harvestable fish species
• Quantify land–based Inputs more accurately & rapidly
 Freshwater transport
 Weekly sediments, nutrients & contaminants
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Part II. Process of Identifying Existing Assets
for OceanUS Endorsement
• NOPP Agencies provide inventories of
candidate programs
• Criteria for OceanUS Endorsement
 Measure at least 1 of the core variables
 Provide value–added benefits as part of an
integrated system (new or improved products)
 Meet operational requirements
• Community tested & accepted techniques
• Sustainable, routine & cost-effective operation
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National Backbone
Initial Operational Observing Subsystem
EEZ, Great Lakes
• Remote Sensing
 National Polar – Orbiting Environmental Satellite
(NOAA, Navy, NASA)
• In Situ Sensing
 Stream gauge network (USGS)
 Tide gauge network (NOAA, USGS)
 Buoy programs – moored instruments (NOAA, Navy)
 Wave gauge programs (NOAA, Navy, USACE)
 Hydrographic & Habitat surveys (NOAA, USGS)
 Fish stock assessments (NOAA)
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2002 OceanUS Workshop
Part III. Enhancing the Initial IOOS
$ Millions
Yr 2
Yr 3
Yr 4
Yr 5
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50
30
110
45
170
50
210
60
210
30
40
60
60
90
80
120
100
120
110
138
260
385
480
500
Yr 1
Mostly new infrastructure
DMAC1
Regional Systems2
Building on existing assets
Global ocean-climate3
Coastal enhancement4
TOTAL
1
Landry Bernard
2 David
3
Martin
Based on pre – existing plans
4 Enhance
the initial backbone by improving existing elements (NDBC buoys,
tide & stream gauge networks, remote sensing) & pilot projects to transition
research capabilities => operational modes
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Four Stages of IOOS Development
1. Research
New Knowledge & Technologies
2. Pilot Projects
Demonstrate Feasibility
(community acceptance;
standards & protocols)
3. Pre-Operational Projects
Proof of Concept
(value added, cost-effective)
4. Operational System
(routine, sustained)
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Ocean.US
Goal: Surface current velocity maps in real – time
Challenge: Rapid integration of data from HF Radars,
Satellites, & In situ instruments
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Surface Current Mapping: Multiple Applications
• Search & Rescue
– More rapid recovery
• Ship Routing & Detection
– Fuel efficiency, Safety
• Oil Spills & Harmful Algal
Blooms
– More accurate forecasts of
trajectories, Mitigation
• Sustainable Fisheries
– More accurate estimates of
recruitment
• Ocean Science
– Improved physical & ecological
models
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Building Regional Capacity
• 2004 Workshop: Building Regional Capacity,
29-30 March, Washington, D.C.
 Criteria & process for certification as a
Regional Association
 Process by which RA’s will help guide design,
implementation & improvement of the IOOS
 Initiate process that will lead to establishment
of the National Federation of RA’s
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National Workshop to Build Regional Capacity
Washington, D.C. 29-30 March 2004
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Observing Requirements: Remote Sensing
Sustain & Improve Satellite Time-Series
 Surface winds, temperature, waves, currents
 Sea surface height
 Ocean color
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Global Ocean-Climate Component
Requirements for In Situ Observations
 Full implementation
• Argo
• Water level network
• Global ocean time series
observatories
 Successful completion
• GODAE
 Optimize the global network
of observations
 Enhance ocean time series
observatories
• key biological & chemical
sensors
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Four Year Implementation Planning Cycle
• Yr N-3 (2004) Guidelines for Yr N Implementation
 May: Agencies & RA’s report on status & plans => OceanUS
 July: Inter-agency, RA Conference => OceanUS integrated
report on status & plans => NORLC
 Sept: NORLC/Ocean.US endorsed implementation plan (IP)
for Yr N
• Yr N-2 (2005) Agency– Specific Plans & Budgets
 Using the IP for guidance, each agency prepares a budget
that incorporates their contribution for Yr N implementation
• Yr N-1 (2006) Integration
 OceanUS prepares integrated multi–agency IP based on
agency–specific commitments
 NOAA prepares consolidated, multi–agency budget
 Federal budget submission & appropriations
• Yr N (2007) Implementation
 NOPP Agencies + RAs => National Backbone
 RAs => Regional Coastal Ocean Observing Systems
• Yr N+1 (2008) OceanUS Performance Evaluation
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Governance of the IOOS
Functions
Plan
Endorse
Responsibilities
NORLC
NFRA
Establish Policies
NOPP Agencies
Establish Policies
RAs Implement
Implement Global + Backbone
RCOOSs
Select
Fund
4 Yr
Planning
Cycle
ExCom
ORAP
Implement
Ocean.US
Evaluate
Verify
USGSC
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S.1400: Ocean Observations & Coastal Systems Act
Snowe, Kerry, McCain, Hollings, Inouye & Breaux
• Authorization – Passed Senate October, 2003
• Assigns responsibility for establishing & maintaining the
IOOS to NOPP
• Formalizes in statute an Interagency Program Office
(OceanUS)
• Directs the NORLC to establish a Joint Operations Center
to be managed by NOAA in consultation with its NORLC
partners
• Authorizes $216M for FY 04 => $257M in FY 08
• Expect House passage this session (Resource Committee +
Science, Armed Services & Transportation)
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S.1400: Authorization of Appropriations
Year 1 $216M => Yr 5 $257M
Year 1
• NOAA: $83M
– > $42M for regions
– $3M for HF Radar
• NSF: $25M
• NASA: $30M
• Navy: $55M
– ONR $25M
– Oceanographer
$30M
• USCG: $8M
• Other NOPP: $15M
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