Transcript Strengthening Networks and Mechanisms for Access and

Networks and Mechanisms for
Access and Exchange of
Ocean Data and Information
in Africa.
Mika ODIDO
Technical Secretary
IOC Sub Commission for Africa and the Adjacent Island States
Workshop on Improving Data Sharing and Re-use in and for Africa
2 October 2016, Cape Town, South Africa.
Content
• About UNESCO and its IOC
• Oceans: Resources, Environment & Observations
• Sources of Ocean Data
• Challenges related to Ocean data access and use
Established 1945.
Working to build peace in
the minds of men and
women
-
Education
Sciences
Culture
Communication
Exchange of knowledge, including
scientific knowledge, through
international cooperation, capacity
building and technical assistance
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Established 1960
Promote
international
cooperation
and
coordinate programmes in research, services
and capacity building, in order to
•Learn more about the nature and resources of the
ocean and coastal areas; and to
•Apply that knowledge for the improvement of
management, sustainable development, the protection
of the marine environment, and the decision-making
processes of its Member States.
• Focal point in UN for ocean observations, science,
services and data exchange
• Competent international organization for marine
science (UNCLOS)
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The oceans are a global commons
71% of Earth’s
surface, 97% of the
Earth’s water
only 30% of that is
territorial (EEZ)
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Oceans are an economic and cultural
Resource for humankind
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Value of marine activities globally is
~5% of global GDP, US$ 2.7 trillion
90% of all goods shipped by sea
Weather prediction and climate
projections depend on ocean
information
More than ½ of human population lives
in the coastal zone (within 100 km of
coast)- by 2025 this is projected to
reach 75%
Fisheries provide 1 billion people with
main source of animal protein
49 World Heritage sites inscribed for
their coastal or marine values
We are still exploring the richness of
oceans: 2000-2010 Census of Marine Life
discovered many unknown species
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Oceans and Climate Change
• Oceans are the ‘memory’ of
the climate system.
• Populations vulnerable to
sea level rise are
concentrated in coastal river
delta cities, and Small Island
Developing States
• Oceans have absorbed 50% of
human emissions of CO2, but
rate of absorption is slowing
• CO2 is making oceans more
acid with consequences on
marine ecosystems like coral
reefs
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KEY ISSUES
(i) Food security and fisheries
(ii) Shipping and Navigation
(iii) Non-living resources (including minerals, oil and gas
(iv) Early warning for ocean related hazards and disaster
risk reduction
(v) Ecosystem services and sustainability
(vi) Coastal management and governance
(vii) Climate variability/change and adaptation, and
(viii)Education and training.
PROCESSES AND SCALES
CATEGORIES OF PLATFORMS
(a) Research vessels in the framework of national,
regional and global ocean programmes;
(b) Coastal Stations (such as tide gauges)
(c) Drifting/moored buoys deployed along the
coastline and offshore;
(d) Satellites and other remote observation
platforms.
OBSERVATION PLATFORMS
International Oceanographic Data
and Information Exchange (IODE)
….. facilitating of exchange of oceanographic data, the
standardization of forms for reporting and coding data,
the encouragement of the preparation of data
catalogues, and the assistance of development of
national oceanographic data centers
www.iode.org
IODE Objectives
1.
To facilitate and promote the discovery, exchange of, and access to,
marine data and information
2.
To encourage the long term archival, preservation, documentation,
management and services of all marine data, data products, and
information;
3.
To develop or use existing best practices for the discovery, management,
exchange of, and access to marine data and information, including
international standards, quality control and appropriate information
technology;
4.
To assist Member States to acquire the necessary capacity to manage
marine research and observation data and information and become
partners in the IODE network;
5.
To support international scientific and operational marine
programmes, including the Framework for Ocean Observing for the
benefit of a wide range of users.
IODE Building blocks
NATIONAL
• IODE Associate Data Units (ADU) (>2013)
• IODE National Oceanographic Data Centre
– IODE national coordinator for data management
• Marine Libraries
– IODE national coordinator for marine information management
• OBIS nodes (>2010)
REGIONAL
• Ocean Data and Information Network (ODIN)
• IODE regional coordinators
• OBIS nodes (>2010)
GLOBAL
World Data System (ICSU): World Data Centres Oceanography
ICSU World Data System (WDS)
…. aims at transitioning from existing stand-alone data centres and data
services to a common, globally interoperable, distributed data system that
incorporates emerging technologies and new scientific data activities.
DATA CENTRES FOR OCEANOGRAPHY
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), Silverspring, USA
http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/
All-Russian Institute of Hydrometeorological Information
http://meteo.ru/mcd/ewdcoce.html
National Marine Data and Information Service, Tianjin, China
http://www.nmdis.gov.cn/nmdisenglish/
Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL), Liverpool, United Kingdom
http://www.psmsl.org/
ODINAfrica: The Ocean Data and
Information Network for Africa
4 Improved access to marine
related literature and other
information
4 Improving access to ocean
data, and developing skills
for analysis and
Interpretation of data
Over 40 institutions
in 25 countries
4 Developing data and
information products and
services
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Algeria
Angola
Benin
Cameroon
Comoros
Congo
Côte d'Ivoire
Egypt
Gabon
Ghana
Guinea
Kenya
Madagascar
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Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Nigeria
Senegal
Seychelles
South Africa
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
ODINAFRICA products: www.odinafrica.org
 Repatriation of data from international centres
 Development of National data collections
 Development of Marine Species databases
http://www.marinespecies.org/afremas/
 Sea level Data facility [http://www.ioc-sealevelmonitoring.org]
 Development of Coastal and Marine Atlases
www.africanmarineatlas.org
http://omap.africanmarineatlas.org/
 Development of African Ocean Data portal (in progress)
 Library catalogues and links to global networks [IAMSLIC]
 Literature repository [www.oceandocs.org/handle/1834/1337]
 Access and contribution to bibliographic databases, such as the
Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) database
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GLOBAL OCEAN OBSERVING SYSTEM
is a permanent global system for observations, modelling and analysis
of marine and ocean variables to support operational ocean services
worldwide.
provides accurate descriptions of the present state of the oceans,
including living resources; continuous forecasts of the future conditions
of the sea for as far ahead as possible, and the basis for forecasts of
climate change.
ESSENTIAL VARIABLES PANELS.
 GOOS Biology and Ecosystems Panel
 GOOS Biogeochemistry Panel
 GOOS Physics and Climate Panel
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JCOMM in situ Observing Programmes Support
Centre (JCOMMOPS) www.jcommops.org
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CATEGORIES OF PLATFORMS
(a) Research vessels in the framework of
national, regional and global ocean
programmes;
(b) Coastal Stations (such as tide gauges)
(c) Drifting/moored buoys deployed along the
coastline and offshore;
(d) Satellite remote sensing.
RESEARCH VESSELS
RV Fridjhof Nansen
1. Algeria
2. Angola
3. Egypt
4. Guinea(?)
5. Mauritania
6. Morocco
7. Kenya
8. Namibia
9. Nigeria
10. Senegal
11. South Africa
12. Tunisia
COASTAL STATIONS.
DRIFTING AND MOORED BUOYS.
Existing/ Planned Observation platforms
PIRATA: Prediction and Research
Moored Array in the Atlantic
RAMA: Research Moored Array for
African-Asian-Australian Monsoon
Analysis and Prediction
OTHER INITIATIVES IN MARINE COASTAL
MANAGEMENT
 Large Marine Ecosystem projects
 UNEP Regional Seas programme (Abidjan and Nairobi
Convention)
 FAO Regional Fisheries bodies
 WMO Regional Climate Centres
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CHALLENGES
 Poor observation coverage – paucity of data
 Maintenance of platforms and equipment
 Access to available data (locally generated data,
ownership, data policies, bandwidth limitations, cost
recovery(?))
 Loss of data (data formats?)
 Capacities for analysis and interpretation
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One Ocean – One Planet
Thank you!
Mika ODIDO ([email protected])
IOC Sub Commission for Africa & the Adjacent Island
States
ioc.unesco.org