Transcript MB 20 : Marine Biology

Marine Bio To Me…
“A good warrior learns to respect
the seasons and cycles of life,” he
said. “They’re part of nature;
they’re part of you.”
Author: Beattie
A synthetic view of our ocean planet
© digitalife/ShutterStock, Inc.
Our marine life is the stuff of movies!
…and fables…
Aug. 1, 2008: “The Montauk Monster”
Why are you here?
What is Marine Biology?
Marine Biology
• Study of organisms that live in the ocean
• Subset of Biology
• Many subdisciplines
Marine Biology
• Why is it important?
Marine Biology
• Why is it important?
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Food, medicine, raw materials, recreation
Disease, attacks, damage
Effect the global ecosystem
Recreation, education
$$$$$$ ($20 trillion/yr!)
71% of the earths surface is WATER!
Marine Biology
• It is a science, “a general science of
biology, but applied to the sea.”
– There is a reason why things happen
– Discover these reasons by systematic methods
History of Marine Biology
• Ocean explored for food, as trade routes,
wars, etc.
• Aristotle (4th century BC) – first marine
biologists
History of Marine Biology
• Many voyages of exploration
• Captain James Cook (European, 1700’s)
– First to include a fulltime naturalist
History of Marine Biology
• Charles Darwin
– Naturalist on HMS Beagle (1831)
– Atolls, plankton, barnacles
History of Marine Biology
• Edward Forbes
– Dredges the Ocean floor (1840’s & 1850’s)
– Azoic Theory – no life below 2000 ft. (pg. 359
text)
History of Marine Biology
• First Voyages ever to specifically study the
ocean (19 yrs. to publish, 50 volumes)
• Challenger Expedition (1872-1876):
measuring systems used, species samples
The Worlds Oceans
The Challenger Expedition Route(s)
The Ocean
Ocean Facts:
• Covers 71% of the earth’s surface
• Accounts for 97% of the water on earth
(rest in land ice, groundwater, lakes &
rivers)
• Average depth = 3,796 meters (12,451
feet) (deepest = Mariana trench 11,022
m or 36,163 ft)
• Average temp = 3.9oC (only 39oF)
1? 5? Oceans
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Pacific
Atlantic
Indian
Arctic
Antarctic, Southern Ocean
History of Marine Biology
• Marine Laboratories
– Stazione Zooligica – Naples Italy (1872)
– MBL & Woods Hole Oceanograohic
Institution– Massachussets
– Scripps Institution of Oceanography, CA
– Friday Harbor Marine Lab, Washington
• Allowed long term observation of living
organisms
Research Vessel
History of Marine Biology
• SONAR
– Developed during WWII
• SCUBA
– After WW II – invented by Emile Gagnan &
Jacques Cousteau
Marine Biology Today
• Labs and Ships still important
• Shift from early observations & descriptions
to more detailed studies
• Submarines - Alvin
• ROVs
• Satellites & computers
Plankton tow net
Figure 1.03
“Alvin,” Deep Sea Sub.
Scripps R/V “Flip”
“Flipped!”
“Aquarius” FL Keyes underwater lab
Figure 1.11
John Steinbeck,
Ed Ricketts,
see text