Transcript Marine Biome PowerPoint

How is the Marine Biome
Organised
Essential Questions
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What is the marine biome?
What are the marine life zones?
What are the characteristics of
marine life zones?
What is the marine biome?
Beneath the Surface
The Endless Voyage Series
• http://learning.aliant.net/Player/ALC
_Player.asp?ProgID=INT_ENDVOY
03
• Answer the Self-test questions after
the video
• 27mins
The Marine Biome
• it is one of the largest biomes on earth
• includes three quarters of the earth’s water that
contains thousands of different animals and plants
• includes
– Oceans
• oceans are very large bodies of water that dominate the
Earth's surface
– Coral reefs
• warm shallow waters
• can be found as barriers along continents, fringing islands,
and atolls
– Estuaries
• where freshwater streams or rivers merge with the ocean
Oceans
• 5 Major Oceans
– Indian Ocean
• washes upon southern Asia and separates Africa and
Australia
– Atlantic Ocean
• separates the Americas from Eurasia and Africa
– Arctic Ocean
• covers much of the Arctic and washes upon northern
North America and Eurasia
– Southern or Antarctic Ocean
• has no landmass separating it from other oceans
• encircles Antarctica and covers much of the
Antarctic
– Pacific Ocean
• separates Asia and Australia from the Americas
Coral Reefs
• they are the only animals that can build
structures visible from space
• are made of algae and tissues of animal
polyps
• corals obtain nutrients to survive through
photosynthesis process carried out by algae
and extending their tentacles to capture
plankton in water
• other marine animals and plants of the
coral reef include microorganisms,
invertebrates, fishes, sea urchins, star
fishes, octopuses, etc
Estuaries
• partially enclosed body of water that are
formed in areas where freshwater from
rivers and streams flows into the ocean and
get mixed with the salty waters
• also known around the world as bays,
lagoons, harbors, inlets and sounds
• plants and animals of the estuaries include
algae, seaweeds, marsh grasses and
mangroves
• estuaries support a vast and diverse flora
and fauna
What are the marine life zones?
Marine Life Zones
The Layers
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Epipelagic
Mesopelagic
Bathypelagic
Abyssopelagic
Hadopelagic
Demersal Zone*
Benthic Zone *
photic zone or
euphotic zone
aphotic zone
Photic/Euphotic Zone
• is the depth of the water that is
exposed to sufficient sunlight for
photosynthesis to occur
• it extends from the atmosphere-water
interface downwards to a depth
where light intensity falls to 1 percent
of that at the surface
• about 90% of all marine life lives in
this region
Aphotic Zone
• is the portion of water where there is
little or no sunlight
• the depths beyond which less than
1% of sunlight penetrates
One Ocean: Mysteries of the Deep
• http://oneocean.cbc.ca/series/episode
s/3-mysteries-of-the-deep
• Questions sheet provided
• 45:07mins
What are the characteristics of
marine life zones?
Epipelagic
From the surface down to around
200 m (656 ft).
• illuminated surface zone where there
is enough light for photosynthesis
• plants and animals are largely
concentrated in this zone
• nearly all primary production in the
ocean occurs here
Mesopelagic
From 200 m down to around 1,000 m (3,281 ft)
Also known as the middle pelagic or twilight zone
• some light penetrates this deep but it is
insufficient for photosynthesis
• at about 500 m the water becomes depleted of
oxygen
• some creatures living in the mesopelagic zone will
rise to the epipelagic zone at night in order to feed
• is the location of the thermocline, with
temperatures varying from over 20°C at the top to
around 4°C at the bottom
Bathypelagic
From 1,000 m down to around 4,000 m
(13,124 ft)
also known as midnight zone
• the ocean is pitch black, apart from the
occasional bioluminescent organism
• no living plants, and most animals survive
by consuming the snow of detritus falling
from the zones above or by preying upon
others
• average temperature is about 4°C
• larger by volume than the euphotic zone
Abyssopelagic
From 4,000 m down to above the ocean
floor
• Very few creatures are sufficiently
adapted to survive in the cold
temperatures and incredible pressures
found at this depth
• pressures of up to 76 megapascals
(11,000 psi)
• temperatures around 2 to 3°C
Hadopelagic
The deep water in ocean trenches
• is mostly unknown, and very few species are
known to live here
• many organisms live in hydrothermal vents
• most life at this depth is sustained by marine snow
or the chemical reactions around thermal vents
• the deepest known is at 10,911 meters (35,814 ft).
• at such depths, e.g., 36k ft. below sea level, the
pressure in the Hadal zone will reach over
110 MPa (16,000 psi)
Demersal Zone
• the part of the ocean comprising the
water column that is near to (and is
significantly affected by) the seabed
and the benthos
Benthic Zone
• the ecological region at the lowest
level of a body of water, including
the sediment surface and some subsurface layers
• Organisms living in this zone are
called benthos
– many such organisms are permanently
attached to the bottom
– live in close relationship with the
substrate bottom