Transcript Coastal monitoring and forecasting systems in Finland by FIMR ( ppt

Coastal monitoring and
forecasting systems in Finland by
FIMR
Pekka Alenius
Leading scientist
Finnish Institute of Marine Research
POL Workshop
Mallorca 22.-24.10.2007
Authorities that do coastal observations in
Finland
In Finland there are several authorities doing coastal
observations. Among these are
-Finnish Institute of Marine Research (FIMR)
-Finnish Environment Institute (FEI)
-Regional Environment Centres (13 of which 6 at coasts)
-Environment centres of big cities
This presentation concentrates on the activities of FIMR
which is the main Finnish actor in (open) sea monitoring.
Observation and forecasting activities of
FIMR
-Sea level
-Surface waves
-Ice
-Hydrography (T & S)
-Cyano-bacterial biomass
-Nutrients
-Ecosystem
http://www.fimr.fi/en.html
Sea level observations
-FIMR has 13 sea level stations
-Oldest in Hanko since 1887
-In Helsinki since 1904
-Youngest in Rauma since 1933
-Observation interval 1 minute
-Real-time data transfer to FIMR
-Temperature is measured, too
-See http://www.itameriportaali.fi/en/
itamerinyt/en_GB/vedenkorkeus/
Sea level forecasts
-Three models (old, Wetehinen, OAAS)
-Meteorological input from HIRLAM (54 h forecasts and
ECMWF up to 10 day forecasts)
-Two different boundary conditions in the Danish Straits
-Each model is run four times a day (every 6 hours)
-Software for estimating the forecast from ensemble of
model results
-Manmade forecasts are done if ordered by customers
Example of the sea level forecast screen
Surface waves
Observations at Northern Baltic Proper (1) and near Helsinki (2)
Wave height
Map of the Baltic Sea
1.Northern Baltic Proper 59°15 N 21°00 E
Significant wave height: 0.7 m
Highest individual wave: 1.3 m
Sea surface temperature: 11.3 °C
22.10.2007 at 18:00 UTC
See:
http://www.itameriportaali.fi/en/itamerinyt/en_GB/aallonkorkeus/
Wave forecasts
http://www.itameriportaali.fi/en/itamerinyt/en_GB/aallonkorkeus/
http://www.itameriportaali.fi/en/itamerinyt/en_GB/aaltoennuste/
Ice in the Baltic Sea
What ice means to Finland
The Baltic Sea ice seasons in 3 severity classes:
•Mild season: All Finnish harbours are icebound
•Average season: Ice from the north lat. of Stockholm
•Severe season: Baltic Sea is almost or totally frozen
Ice for
6-7
months
3 weeks
3-4 months
Finnish Ice Service
-Observations
-Remote sensing algorithm development
-Forecasts
-Serves winter navigation in close cooperation with
Finnish Board of Navigation
Finnish PolarView products
-SAR based ice thickness charts
-spatial resolution 500x500 m
-End users; shipping
-30 minutes after the SAR image
is downloaded
-On the average 160 charts in an
ice season
Ice forecasts page
http://haavi.fimr.fi/polarview/forecast.php
-Ice motion and concentration
-Mean ice thickness
-Ridged ice thickness
-Ridged ice concentration
-Compressive region
-Deformed ice fraction
-Area
FROM
-Northern Baltic Sea
-Bay of Bothnia
-Gulf of Finland
Alg@line - Operational Monitoring of the
Baltic Sea
Alg@line monitors the fluctuations in the Baltic
Sea ecosystem in real-time using several
approaches:
-research vessels
-high-frequency automated sampling onboard
several merchant ships
-satellite imagery
-buoy recordings
-traditional sampling in coastal waters
Without the high-frequent observations with the
ship-of-opportunity technique, the rapid
fluctuations in the Baltic Sea ecosystem could
not be monitored
What Alg@line is
http://www.itameriportaali.fi/en/levatiedotus/en_GB/levatiedotus/
-Alg@line is the only research project in the Baltic Sea region,
which utilizes the ship-of-opportunity technique in the monitoring of
the state of the environment on this scale. Alg@line has analyzers
and sample collectors on five ships.
-The information based on the unattended recordings on the ships
is available to anyone on Internet at Baltic Sea Portal and on
Internet pages of the Finnish Institute of Marine Research at Baltic
Sea Now
-Monitoring research of Alg@line is on the highest level of its field.
This has been made possible through unique cooperation with
Finnish and foreign research institutes and scientific communities.
Alg@line SOOP measurements and routes
Equipment onboard:
- flow through fluorometer
- thermosalinograph
- GPS navigator
- computer
- refridgerated water sampler
Parameters onboard:
- latitude, longitude, date, time
- in vivo chlorophyll a fluorescence
- temperature,salinity
On laboratory:
- chlorophyll a
- phytoplankton species composition
and relative abundances
- phosphate and total phosphorus
- ammonium, nitrate and total nitrogen
- silicate
- partly turbidity
Alg@line example:
Finnmaid 17 - 18 October 2007
-SST (red) and SSS
(blue)
-Chl-a
along the route of the
ferry Finnmaid
(Travemünde - Helsinki).
BalEco - A range of brackish water
ecosystem models
-BalEco is a suite of ecological models
- for the description of brackish water ecosystems,
- with the Baltic Sea especially in mind.
-Brackish waters are demanding biological
environments, and require a special treatment to
capture the salinity adaptation of marine and freshwater
organisms.
BalEco1
-BalEco1, the first level model, is embedded in a
prototype for a scientific forecasting system of the Baltic
Sea.
-The system builds on well-established, scientifically
validated models and boundary conditions where
available
-Combines them with observation-derived state
estimates to arrive at routine short-term forecasts of the
Baltic Sea state.
-The short-term forecasts are used for model validation
purposes and ecosystem predictability studies.
Ecosystem model forecasts
- Temperature, salinity, cyanobacterial biomass
Bluegreen algae prognosis
-Is done annually after winter
monitoring cruise
-joint effort of FIMR and FEI
-published eg. in Alg@line pages
Monitoring cruises by rv Aranda
-four annual monitoring cruises to the Baltic Sea
-chemical monitoring in January
-zoobenthos and oxygen in May-June
-cyanobacterial blooms/biology in August
-chemical monitoring in December
-other scientific cruises in between
Aranda in the web: http://www.fimr.fi/en/aranda.html
Example of usefulness of monitoring cruises
American comb jelly (Mnemiopsis leidyi)
-The sudden spreading in the
northern Baltic Sea has
surprised nearly everyone.
-the population density was as
high as 600 individuals per
square metre.
-was found to be extremely
adaptable It can reproduce in
the northern Baltic Sea in
colder conditions than
previously observed.
FIMR-BMP
Choose data
Access to products
Algaline page
PolarView page