Transcript Diapositiva 1 - European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and

EMSO
European Multidisciplinary Seafloor Observatory
A European Marine Research Infrastructure
EMSO Research Infrastructure
Arctic
Norwegian Margin
EMSO is one of the European infrastructures listed in the ESFRI Roadmap (European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures). It is
a network of seafloor observatories for the long-term monitoring of environmental processes related to ecosystems, climate change and
geo-hazards. EMSO network nodes are placed in marine sites of the European Continental Margin, from the Arctic to the Black Sea
through the Mediterranean Basin, selected within previous EC projects such as ESONET Concerted Action (2002-2004) and ESONET
Network of Excellence (2007-2011). EMSO constitutes the sub-sea segment of GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and
Security) and GEOSS (Global Earth Observation System of Systems). EMSO is presently in the Preparatory Phase (EMSO-PP) with a
project of the EC-FP7. This project is aimed at establishing the legal entity EMSO which is able to manage the scientific, technical,
logistic and administrative components of the infrastructure. EMSO-PP started in April 2008 and will run for 4 years.
Nordic Sea
Porcupine
Black Sea
Ligurian Sea
Azores
Marmara
Iberian Margin
Background
Eastern Sicily
Hellenic
EMSO European margin key sites.
ESFRI included the EMSO infrastructure in the roadmap after the development of EC projects dating back to ’90s which realised and validated seafloor observatory and network prototypes. The establishment
of a multidisciplinary network of seafloor observatories is currently supported by the EC through the ESONET Network of Excellence (www.esonet-emso.org) which comprises more than 50 European
universities, research institutes, companies. ESONET aims at boosting the integration of the European Ocean Sciences community interested in observatories.
Motivation
EMSO will instigate a change of direction in ocean and earth science as it will provide truly global geophysical and oceanographic
coverage for a multidisciplinary investigation of deep-sea processes through permanent monitoring of key areas around Europe.
EMSO will allow to understand
- the environmental processes as interaction between the geo-, bio-, and hydro-sphere;
- the temporal evolution (short-, medium- and long-term, periodic and episodic events) of the oceanic circulation, earth processes, deep-sea
environment and ecosystems.
EMSO will take advantage of the synergies between the scientific community and the industry and will contribute to a significant
improvement of marine technologies and the development of strategies for improving European capacities and competitiveness in ocean
sciences and technologies.
Seafloor observatory
network in the world
EMSO, jointly with other seafloor networks under development in the world,
will contribute to a multidisciplinary and integrated monitoring of global
processes.
Scientific Objectives
EMSO will be transformative by addressing interdisciplinary research priorities in:
Physical oceanography:
water
mass
characterisation,
water
column
processes,
thermodynamics, ice cover, climatology, and impacts on climate
change
Geoscience :
interactions between hydrosphere and biosphere, fluid flow and gas
seepage through sediments and gas hydrate, non-living resources,
sediment transfer to deep-sea and climate change
Geo-hazards:
Biogeochemistry:
Marine ecology :
MACHO
(Taiwan)
earthquake and tsunami hazard, volcanic hazard,
slope instability and failure
global carbon cycle and elemental cycling within the ocean through
both physical and biological processes
distribution and abundance of sea life, ocean productivity,
biodiversity, ecosystem function, living resources, and climate
feedbacks.
Models of EMSO nodes
The design and development of the nodes depend upon:
geographical location, scientific requirements, operational requirements, available resources.
Two basic models can be envisaged for the nodes:
cabled observatory (left) and stand-alone
acoustically linked observatory (right). However
hybrid configurations could be adopted according to
the site characteristics.
a)
Cabled Observatory: layout of spacedistributed observatories (top and
right) including essential components
[a) NRC, 2004; b) courtesy of R.
Person and J.-F. Rolin, 2010].
The nodes will be equipped with a common set of
sensors for basic measurements and further sensors for
specific purposes.
Stand-alone acoustically linked observatory
(from ESONET NoE project documents).
b)
Partnership
INGV
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (Italy)
ITU
- Istanbul Teknik Universitesi (Turkey)
IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l’exploitation de la MER (France)
UiT - University of Tromsø (Norway)
NOCS
- National Oceanography Centre Southampton (United Kingdom)
HCMR - Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (Greece)
KDM
- Konsortium Deutsche Meeresforschung e.V. (Germany)
IMI - Irish Marine Institute (Ireland)
NIOZ
- Stichting Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Zeeonderzoek (The Netherlands)
UGOT - Goteborgs Universitet (Sweden)
UTM-CSIC - Unidad de Tecnologia Marina - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (Spain)
FFCUL - Fundação da Facultade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa
(Portugal)
EMSO
European Multidisciplinary Seafloor Observatory
SERVICES
OBSERVATORY MEASUREMENTS
Instrumentation:
• Interoperability & Standardization
• Integration with sub-sea and water-column monitoring
• Off-the-shelf and specialised sensors
• Junction boxes
Handling systems (to support activities at nodes)
• Underwater vehicles (e.g., ROVs, MODUS)
Test beds for:
• Validation of prototype of underwater sensors
• Validation of new devices for underwater observatories
• Materials in corrosive ambient and lasting high pressure
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Seismic motion
Gravity
Magnetism
Geodesy and seafloor deformation
Fluid related processes monitoring
Chemical and Aqueous Transport (CAT)
Pore pressure
Gas hydrate monitoring
Dissolved Fe, Mn and sulfide species
Acoustic tomography
CTD equipment for hydrothermal vents
Methane
Carbon dioxide
EMSO will bring about a breakthrough on:
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Geo-hazard warning
Improving environmental policies
Understanding natural variation and climate impacts and anthropogenic forcing
Interactions between ecosystem services, biodiversity, biogeochemistry, physics and
climate
- High-level training and education of researchers, engineers and technicians
- Knowledge and technology transfer
- Interaction with industry
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Nutrient analyzers
pH, Eh, and alkalinity
hydrocarbon fluorescence
In situ Mass spectrometer
Particle flux trap
Image based particle flux
Pigment fluorescence
Deep biosphere sensors
Time-Lapse Cameras
Holographic imaging
Video
Passive acoustics
Active acoustics
Zooplankton sampling
In situ sample processors with
molecular/genetic probes
• In situ respiration
DATA
• Multiparameter long-term (multi-year) time-series
• Complementary measurements of sub-sea, seafloor,
and water column dynamics over a wide range of
scales
• Depth range from (102 – 103 m)
Iberian Margin (Aug. 2007 – Aug. 2008)
GEOSTAR seafloor observatory (left and star on the map) acoustically linked by means
of a surface buoy (bottom-left). The deployment was performed by Sarmiento de
Gamboa R/V (bottm-right). Example of Absolute Pressure Gauge (below) raw data
recorded. NEAREST EC Project (http:// nearest.bo.ismar.cnr.it) and LIDO DM.
Activities at the EMSO nodes
At most of the sites hosting an EMSO node, activities are presently run within
ESONET NoE (Demonstration Missions-DM) and within other European and
national projects. Beyond the scientific and technological objectives, these
activities are evidence of the integration of the European community of marine
sciences with respect to basic knowledge tools (e.g., measurement techniques,
data, methodologies for data analysis) and constitutes an effective step toward the
establishment of permanent or nearly-permanent infrastructures at EMSO nodes.
Gulf of Cadiz
85 km off-shore
3200 m w.d.
Porcupine Abyssal Plan, MODOO DM - MOdular
Deep Ocean Observatory
GEOSTAR
Eastern Sicily (from January 2005 on)
NEMO-SN1 cabled observatory: The underwater cable extends from Catania harbour 25 km offshore down to over 2000 m w.d (LIDO DM). The observatory performs acquisition of
geophysical, oceanographic, bioacoustic time-series.
Sea of Marmara, MARMARA-DM
Cold seep sites (right, red circles) observed
during Nautile submarine dives. White
circles are sites where no seeps were
observed. Mantle He bubbling from
tensional fracture in the western Tekirdağ
Basin (bottom-left). An AUV (Ifremer/Insu)
was used in November 2009 for HR
bathymetry, bubble sites mapping and
deployment of Bubble Observatory Module
(centre) The seafloor observatory SN4
(bottom-right) has been deployed in late
summer 2009
LNS-INFN Catania:
main storage unit; servers;
1 Gbps connection to internet
Test Site
North
LIDO
TS North
Radio Link
(30 Mbps)
20 km
NEMO JB
LNS Test Site Laboratory at Catania
harbour: shore data acquisition system
and local storage unit
a)
a) megafauna and b) long-term time-series of
temperature vs deep-sea pressure at PAP
Baltic Sea, Gotland Basin (September 2008)
Oxygen gradients just above the sea-floor: ooxygen
data (1-min or 10-s temporal resolution, over 2
weeks, 3 deployments) measured at 2.0, 2.35, 2.85,
3.45, and 4.45 m above bottom.
RCM-9
Current Meter
(horizontal speeds)
Oxygen
Optodes
RCM9 (4.45m)
RCM9 (3.45m)
O2#23 (2.85m)
O2#39 (2.35m)
O2#40 (2.0m)
340
Ballast weight
(rail)
Hellenic Arc, West Peloponnesus
Oceanographic and geo-hazard monitoring by means of
seafloor modules and moorings in acoustic link as a step
towards a permanent observatory.
360
Oxygen / µM
Seaguard
Current
Meter
(vertical
speed)
320
300
280
260
1
2
240
16/09 17/09 18/09 19/09 20/09 21/09
12:00 12:00 12:00 12:00 12:00 12:00
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22/09 23/09 24/09 25/09 26/09 27/09
12:00 12:00 12:00 12:00 12:00 12:00
Pressure (tsunami) sensor
Earthquake 5.4ML
11-21 Nov 2008
High frequency (15sec) depth timeseries
For information: [email protected] www.esonet-emso.org
LIDO
TS South
Test Site South
Daily acoustic contacts
with sperm whales in
the period SeptemberDecember 2005 (right).
Percentage of slots with
sperm whale sounds
per day.
Norwegian Margin, (July 2009, LOOME DM)
Detection of the events leading to, during and after the Häkon
Mosby mudvolcano eruption by means of an array of instruments
seafloor, aimed to measure downwards (geo-acoustics, deep T
measurements), surface phenomena (Tstrings and sensors measuring DO, pH
and ORP), and sensors for the water
column (turbidity, pressure, T, salinity,
DO, and gas-flares by scanning sonar)