Transcript Theory of Everything

Theory of Everything
• Hawking film 6
Atlantic City
• One side is glitzy
• One side is common
Physics Laws
• One side is Newtonian
• One side is relativity
• Trace universe backward in time:
• Pushed toward the very small
• Quantum mechanics – very small
TOE
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Large scale – Gravity rules
Atomic forces – SNF
Theory of everything must be unified
Should be a theory that embraces all factors
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Universe is a single point in the beginning
A moment later, it is huge
Intellect, intuition, experiment
Observation makes inspiration
SLAK, Palo Alto, CA
• Accuracy to 15 decimal places or else
universe flies apart before galaxies formed
• Uncanny balance between expansion and
collapse
• Alan Guth -
• Andrei Linde, Russian –
• Inflation theory (like Guth)
• Model – energy trapped in vacuum, energy
could collapse like bubbles
• Balance - >>>>>
• Growing evenly in all directions
• Guth – 70’s inflation
• Happens like water boils – one here, one
there
• Morrass – not like what our universe looks
like
• Published with flaws
• Ussr – cannot publish until all flaws worked
out
• Linde – what if just one of the bubbles
inflated and our universe emerged?
• Difficulty with Guth collision of bubbles
• One bubble will be larger than the universe
• Linde’s theory demolished
• Linde gave important idea – inflation
• Does not explain the start of the universe
Run theory backwards in time
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Gravity field became infinitely high
Logic replaced by chance
Matter ruled by probability
Equations blow up when it hits a singularity
Quantum mechanics – strangest thing
humans thought up
Eisenberg uncertainty principle
• Never know with precision where small is
• Add up to certainties
• Only makes sense as a universe as a whole
only at its beginning
Problem of the singularity
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Quantum mechanics + gravity
Solve simplified model of universe
Imaginary time replaces singularity
No boundary, no beginning, no end, just
curves back on itself, no singularities
• Quantum mech is solution to singularity
No Boundaries Proposal
• Need gen rel and quantum mech to be
unified as quantum gravity
One Simple Law
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Smolin, Lee – biology
Universe choose its parameters
Bio world - so many species
So beautiful in so many ways
Basic idea – some population – random
changes on characteristics
• Darwin nat. selection
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Universe invents life?
How so much structure?
Disc of spiral galaxy
Patterns on sea shells
Assembled from itself, create itself
Could be wrong
Not proved wrong yet
What preceded creation?
• 1985 perestroika – reconstruction – forbid sending
out papers
• Became ill
• 24h to find something worth saying at conference
• Theory of inflation that produced multitude of
universes – self-producing universe
• Each product of own big bang
• Seed others so process goes on and on
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Single explanation of a single universe
Super string theory
Universe a dot
Like a bowl of vibrating noodles that
exploded into the diversity
• Kaku, M
• Bubbles, string
Not Compatible
• Big – Einstein (smooth)
• Small – quantum (grainy)
String
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Minute strands of space-time
Atom size of soalr system
String then size of atom
Universm size of string
String moves – vibrates
Body is a synphony
String forces curl up like gravity warp
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Matter like atoms
Forces that attract matter
Dichotomy
One string could be quark
One a photon
• Clouds – no symmetry
• Backwards to big bang – see symmetry
perfect
• Superstring theory gives perfect symmetry
as move backward
• Humans cannot understand equations of
theory of everything at this time
• String is no theory since it puts forth no
predictions to be proved
• Math too difficult
• Theory smarter than we are
• Ed Witten – smartest man on earth
Witten
• Don’t have overview of all details
• Math constructions – want strings to
describe world
• 5 theories describe universe – if one theory
describes our univ.
• Who lives in others
• Duality –m relation between 2 theories that
is not obvious
• One more useful in describing somethings
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5 blind scientists discovered trunk, ear foot
Thought 5 animals
Really one elephant
Witten heir apparent to Einstein
• Sometimes you know a little bit more
• Witten – get as far as we can is the best we
can do – sponsor for life
• Hawking – 20 years to find all
• Quantum gravity
• Neil turok, cambridge – exploring past –
make map of all maps satellite
• Planck explorer – map whole sky at high
resolution
• Esa
• Estec project
• Map holds vast amt of info
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Map of very early times –
Map of temp variations on the sky
Secrets, signature of creation on map
Time to know ultimate truth
Absence of data so theories abound
Provide framework within which one can
make predictions
• Answer questions or ask more?
• Theories beat to death – predictions
• Within 10 years have data that will tell how
structure formed in the universe
• Get busy – only have 10 years
• Get how but not why – know mind of God
End