Transcript Ten Words in Context

BUILDING VOCABULARY
SKILLS
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BUILDING
VOCABULARY SKILLS
Fourth Edition
Sherrie L. Nist
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit One
Chapter 4
agenda
prospects
antidote
radical
apathy
reinforce
bland
relevant
propaganda
ruthless
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit One / Chapter 4
Ten Words in Context
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit One / Chapter 4
Ten Words in Context
1 agenda
– noun
There are two items on the agenda for today’s office meeting:
the company’s new product and the holiday party.
Ralph’s daily agenda includes driving his granddaughter to school,
working at the soup kitchen, and walking his dog after dinner.
Used with the permission of Randy Glasbergen
Choose the meaning closest
to that of the boldfaced word.
“Besides eating and sleeping,
what’s on your agenda for today?”
Agenda means
A. a schedule.
B. a desk.
C. work.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit One / Chapter 4
Ten Words in Context
1 agenda
– noun
There are two items on the agenda for today’s office meeting:
the company’s new product and the holiday party.
Used with the permission of Randy Glasbergen
Ralph’s daily agenda includes driving his granddaughter to school,
working at the soup kitchen, and walking his dog after dinner.
“Besides eating and sleeping,
what’s on your agenda for today?”
Agenda means
A. a schedule.
B. a desk.
C. work.
Two items are on the schedule for
discussion at today’s meeting.
Ralph’s daily schedule includes the
three activities listed.
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Ten Words in Context
– noun
2 antidote
Because there was no antidote for the snake’s poison, the cat that
was bitten died.
For me, a good antidote to feeling low is to bake a batch of brownies.
Antidote means
A. a short story.
B. a cause.
C. a cure.
Longtrekhome via Wikimedia Commons
Meditation is
a good antidote
to stress.
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Ten Words in Context
– noun
2 antidote
Because there was no antidote for the snake’s poison, the cat that
was bitten died.
For me, a good antidote to feeling low is to bake a batch of brownies.
Longtrekhome via Wikimedia Commons
Meditation is
a good antidote
to stress.
Antidote means
A. a short story.
B. a cause.
C. a cure.
The cat died because there was no
cure for the poison. Baking a batch
of brownies (and then eating them)
could be a cure for feeling low.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit One / Chapter 4
Ten Words in Context
3 apathy
– noun
Determined to shock her students out of their apathy, the history
teacher showed up for class one day dressed as Joan of Arc.
Voter apathy was high, causing a low turnout on election day.
OldYorkGuy via Wikimedia Commons
Apathy means
A. pity.
B. understanding.
C. lack of interest.
Pedestrians responding with apathy
to a homeless man
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit One / Chapter 4
Ten Words in Context
3 apathy
– noun
Determined to shock her students out of their apathy, the history
teacher showed up for class one day dressed as Joan of Arc.
Voter apathy was high, causing a low turnout on election day.
OldYorkGuy via Wikimedia Commons
Apathy means
A. pity.
B. understanding.
C. lack of interest.
Pedestrians responding with apathy
to a homeless man
The students might be shocked out
of their lack of interest if the teacher
showed up for class dressed as
Joan of Arc. Low turnout on election
day would indicate that the voters
lacked interest.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit One / Chapter 4
Ten Words in Context
4 bland
– adjective
The addition of a bright red scarf changed Linda’s grey outfit from
bland to striking.
Mexicans, accustomed to hot and spicy foods, often find American
dishes bland by comparison.
© Stephen Gibson | Dreamstime.com
Bland means
A. old.
B. dull.
C. bitter.
Many people think plain rice cakes
have a bland taste.
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Ten Words in Context
4 bland
– adjective
The addition of a bright red scarf changed Linda’s grey outfit from
bland to striking.
Mexicans, accustomed to hot and spicy foods, often find American
dishes bland by comparison.
© Stephen Gibson | Dreamstime.com
Bland means
A. old.
B. dull.
C. bitter.
The gray outfit by itself would seem
dull; the bright red scarf would make
the outfit striking. The hot and spicy
foods make the less spicy American
dishes seem dull by comparison.
Many people think plain rice cakes
have a bland taste.
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Ten Words in Context
5 propaganda
– noun
J. Howard Miller, the War Production Co-ordinating
Committee via Wikimedia Commons
Until recently, the propaganda put out by cigarette companies said
that nicotine didn’t harm people’s health.
The political candidates ran TV ads made up largely of propaganda
directed against their opponents.
Propaganda means
World War II
A. research.
propaganda
to encourage
B. complaints.
American workers
C. publicity.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit One / Chapter 4
Ten Words in Context
5 propaganda
– noun
J. Howard Miller, the War Production Co-ordinating
Committee via Wikimedia Commons
Until recently, the propaganda put out by cigarette companies said
that nicotine didn’t harm people’s health.
The political candidates ran TV ads made up largely of propaganda
directed against their opponents.
Propaganda means
World War II
A. research.
propaganda
to encourage
B. complaints.
American workers
C. publicity.
In order to sell cigarettes, tobacco companies
would put out publicity saying that nicotine
didn’t harm people’s health. Political candidates
would put out publicity directed against their
opponents. The words TV ads are a clue.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit One / Chapter 4
Ten Words in Context
6 prospects
– noun
The movie’s prospects for doing well at the box office were harmed
by several bad reviews in the newspapers and on TV.
What are my prospects of finding a hotel room in this town during
Super Bowl weekend?
Prospects means
A. reasons.
B. chances.
C. fears.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit One / Chapter 4
Ten Words in Context
6 prospects
– noun
The movie’s prospects for doing well at the box office were harmed
by several bad reviews in the newspapers and on TV.
What are my prospects of finding a hotel room in this town during
Super Bowl weekend?
Prospects means
A. reasons.
B. chances.
C. fears.
Bad reviews would harm a movie’s chances for doing well at the
box office. One would wonder about the chances of finding a
hotel room in town on Super Bowl weekend.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit One / Chapter 4
Ten Words in Context
Jennifer Parr via Wikimedia Commons
7 radical
– adjective
I won’t vote for the radical candidate—his beliefs are too extreme
for me.
Most students tried to change school policy through peaceful
compromise, but a radical group wanted to take over the president’s
office by force.
Radical means
Burning the flag
A. extreme.
in protest is
B. average.
a radical act.
C. young.
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Ten Words in Context
Jennifer Parr via Wikimedia Commons
7 radical
– adjective
I won’t vote for the radical candidate—his beliefs are too extreme
for me.
Most students tried to change school policy through peaceful
compromise, but a radical group wanted to take over the president’s
office by force.
Radical means
Burning the flag
A. extreme.
in protest is
B. average.
a radical act.
C. young.
In the first item, the word extreme is a
clue. In the second item, taking over the
president’s office by force is an extreme
way to try to change school policy.
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Ten Words in Context
8 reinforce
– verb
Jonathan’s wisecrack reinforced the teacher’s opinion that he was
interested only in fooling around.
© Nigel Spiers | Dreamstime.com
Some socks are reinforced at the heels and toes with extra layers of
material so they won’t develop holes.
Reinforce means
A. to ruin.
B. to make stronger.
C. to repeat.
The X-shaped braces
reinforce this building’s wall.
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Ten Words in Context
8 reinforce
– verb
Jonathan’s wisecrack reinforced the teacher’s opinion that he was
interested only in fooling around.
Some socks are reinforced at the heels and toes with extra layers of
material so they won’t develop holes.
Reinforce means
A. to ruin.
B. to make stronger.
C. to repeat.
© Nigel Spiers | Dreamstime.com
The wisecrack would strengthen the
teacher’s opinion that the student was
interested only in fooling around. Extra
layers of material would make the heels
and toes stronger.
The X-shaped braces
reinforce this building’s wall.
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Ten Words in Context
9 relevant
– adjective
History is always relevant to our lives because it shows us what
results can follow certain actions.
“The weather is not relevant to this conversation,” Yvonne’s mother
said. “Don’t change the subject when I bring up your speeding tickets.”
Relevant means
A. known.
B. related.
C. threatening.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit One / Chapter 4
Ten Words in Context
9 relevant
– adjective
History is always relevant to our lives because it shows us what
results can follow certain actions.
“The weather is not relevant to this conversation,” Yvonne’s mother
said. “Don’t change the subject when I bring up your speeding tickets.”
Relevant means
A. known.
B. related.
C. threatening.
By showing us what results can follow certain actions, history is
related to our lives. The topic of the weather is not related to the
topic of Yvonne’s speeding tickets.
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Ten Words in Context
– adjective
10 ruthless
My English teacher is a ruthless grader. He shows no mercy for weak
reasoning or faulty grammar, so I’ve had to work extra hard on my papers.
Barry is so ruthless that he would step on coworkers to advance
himself.
Ruthless means
A. sweet.
B. confusing.
C. without mercy.
Illustration by George Cruikshank (1839)
via Wikimedia Commons
A ruthless
schoolmaster
punishing
a student
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit One / Chapter 4
Ten Words in Context
– adjective
10 ruthless
My English teacher is a ruthless grader. He shows no mercy for weak
reasoning or faulty grammar, so I’ve had to work extra hard on my papers.
Barry is so ruthless that he would step on coworkers to advance
himself.
Illustration by George Cruikshank (1839)
via Wikimedia Commons
A ruthless
schoolmaster
punishing
a student
Ruthless means
A. sweet.
B. confusing.
C. without mercy.
In the first item, the words shows no mercy
are a clue. In the second item, someone who
would step on his coworkers to advance
himself is a person who is without mercy.
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Sentence Check 1
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Sentence Check 1
Complete the item with the correct word from the box.
A. agenda
B. antidote
C. apathy
D. bland
E. propaganda
F. prospects
G. radical
H. reinforce
I. relevant
J. ruthless
1. There are __________ drivers who make no effort to
avoid hitting animals on the road.
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Sentence Check 1
A. agenda
B. antidote
C. apathy
D. bland
E. propaganda
F. prospects
G. radical
H. reinforce
I. relevant
J. ruthless
ruthless drivers who make no effort to
1. There are __________
avoid hitting animals on the road.
Drivers who make no effort to avoid hitting animals are merciless.
Copyright © 2015 Townsend Press. All rights reserved.
Unit One / Chapter 4
Sentence Check 1
A. agenda
B. antidote
C. apathy
D. bland
E. propaganda
F. prospects
G. radical
H. reinforce
I. relevant
J. ruthless
2. Carlos’s personality is so __________ and unexciting that
people tend not to notice him.
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Sentence Check 1
A. agenda
B. antidote
C. apathy
D. bland
E. propaganda
F. prospects
G. radical
H. reinforce
I. relevant
J. ruthless
bland
2. Carlos’s personality is so __________
and unexciting that
people tend not to notice him.
A person who is unexciting would seem dull.
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Sentence Check 1
A. agenda
B. antidote
C. apathy
D. bland
E. propaganda
F. prospects
G. radical
H. reinforce
I. relevant
J. ruthless
3. Your statement isn’t __________; it has nothing to do
with our conversation.
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Sentence Check 1
A. agenda
B. antidote
C. apathy
D. bland
E. propaganda
F. prospects
G. radical
H. reinforce
I. relevant
J. ruthless
relevant it has nothing to do
3. Your statement isn’t __________;
with our conversation.
If the statement has nothing to do with the conversation,
it is not related.
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Sentence Check 1
A. agenda
B. antidote
C. apathy
D. bland
E. propaganda
F. prospects
G. radical
H. reinforce
I. relevant
J. ruthless
4. Victoria will __________ the plant by tying its thin stem
to a strong stick.
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Sentence Check 1
A. agenda
B. antidote
C. apathy
D. bland
E. propaganda
F. prospects
G. radical
H. reinforce
I. relevant
J. ruthless
4. Victoria will __________
reinforce the plant by tying its thin stem
to a strong stick.
Tying the thin stem to a strong stick would add support to it.
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Sentence Check 1
A. agenda
B. antidote
C. apathy
D. bland
E. propaganda
F. prospects
G. radical
H. reinforce
I. relevant
J. ruthless
5. My sister’s __________ of passing Accounting II aren’t
good. She hasn’t studied all term.
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Sentence Check 1
A. agenda
B. antidote
C. apathy
D. bland
E. propaganda
F. prospects
G. radical
H. reinforce
I. relevant
J. ruthless
prospects of passing Accounting II aren’t
5. My sister’s __________
good. She hasn’t studied all term.
If she hasn’t studied all term, her chances of success in the
course would not be good.
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Sentence Check 1
A. agenda
B. antidote
C. apathy
D. bland
E. propaganda
F. prospects
G. radical
H. reinforce
I. relevant
J. ruthless
6. All medicine cabinets should contain a general __________
for accidental poisoning.
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Sentence Check 1
A. agenda
B. antidote
C. apathy
D. bland
E. propaganda
F. prospects
G. radical
H. reinforce
I. relevant
J. ruthless
antidote
6. All medicine cabinets should contain a general __________
for accidental poisoning.
One would want to have on hand something that reduces the
effects of a poison in case someone is accidentally poisoned.
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Sentence Check 1
A. agenda
B. antidote
C. apathy
D. bland
E. propaganda
F. prospects
G. radical
H. reinforce
I. relevant
J. ruthless
7. Every morning Lin writes out her __________, jotting
down what she needs to accomplish that day.
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Sentence Check 1
A. agenda
B. antidote
C. apathy
D. bland
E. propaganda
F. prospects
G. radical
H. reinforce
I. relevant
J. ruthless
agenda
7. Every morning Lin writes out her __________,
jotting
down what she needs to accomplish that day.
If Lin writes down what she needs to accomplish each day,
she is making a list of things to be done.
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Sentence Check 1
A. agenda
B. antidote
C. apathy
D. bland
E. propaganda
F. prospects
G. radical
H. reinforce
I. relevant
J. ruthless
8. Because my science teacher wants to do away with
grading in his courses, many of the other teachers
consider his views too __________.
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Sentence Check 1
A. agenda
B. antidote
C. apathy
D. bland
E. propaganda
F. prospects
G. radical
H. reinforce
I. relevant
J. ruthless
8. Because my science teacher wants to do away with
grading in his courses, many of the other teachers
radical
consider his views too __________.
Doing away with grading might be considered extreme.
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Sentence Check 1
A. agenda
B. antidote
C. apathy
D. bland
E. propaganda
F. prospects
G. radical
H. reinforce
I. relevant
J. ruthless
9. Sidewalk litter is a sign of __________, showing that
people don’t care about a clean environment.
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Sentence Check 1
A. agenda
B. antidote
C. apathy
D. bland
E. propaganda
F. prospects
G. radical
H. reinforce
I. relevant
J. ruthless
apathy
9. Sidewalk litter is a sign of __________,
showing that
people don’t care about a clean environment.
Litter shows a lack of concern. The words don't care about
are a clue.
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Sentence Check 1
A. agenda
B. antidote
C. apathy
D. bland
E. propaganda
F. prospects
G. radical
H. reinforce
I. relevant
J. ruthless
10. Advertisements are an important part of the __________
used by companies to persuade us to buy their products.
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Sentence Check 1
A. agenda
B. antidote
C. apathy
D. bland
E. propaganda
F. prospects
G. radical
H. reinforce
I. relevant
J. ruthless
propaganda
10. Advertisements are an important part of the __________
used by companies to persuade us to buy their products.
To persuade us to buy their products, companies present
information that supports those products.
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Chapter Review
Try to define each of the words from this chapter. The words will appear
one at a time as you advance the slides.
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Chapter Review
propaganda
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Chapter Review
propaganda
Ideas spread to support or oppose
a cause; distorted information;
publicity
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Chapter Review
propaganda
agenda
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Chapter Review
propaganda
agenda
A list of things to be done;
a schedule
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Chapter Review
propaganda
agenda
bland
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Chapter Review
propaganda
agenda
bland
Dull; not interesting or exciting
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Chapter Review
propaganda
agenda
bland
reinforce
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Chapter Review
propaganda
agenda
bland
reinforce
To strengthen; add support to
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Chapter Review
propaganda
agenda
bland
reinforce
antidote
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Chapter Review
propaganda
agenda
bland
reinforce
antidote
Something that reduces the effects
of a poison; anything that relieves a
harmful situation; a cure
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Chapter Review
propaganda
radical
agenda
bland
reinforce
antidote
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Chapter Review
propaganda
radical
agenda
Favoring extreme changes,
especially in politics and
government ; extreme
bland
reinforce
antidote
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Chapter Review
propaganda
radical
agenda
ruthless
bland
reinforce
antidote
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Chapter Review
propaganda
radical
agenda
ruthless
bland
Lacking pity; merciless
reinforce
antidote
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Chapter Review
propaganda
radical
agenda
ruthless
bland
prospects
reinforce
antidote
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Chapter Review
propaganda
radical
agenda
ruthless
bland
prospects
reinforce
Chances of success
antidote
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Chapter Review
propaganda
radical
agenda
ruthless
bland
prospects
reinforce
relevant
antidote
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Chapter Review
propaganda
radical
agenda
ruthless
bland
prospects
reinforce
relevant
antidote
Related to the matter at hand;
to the point
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Chapter Review
propaganda
radical
agenda
ruthless
bland
prospects
reinforce
relevant
antidote
apathy
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Chapter Review
propaganda
radical
agenda
ruthless
bland
prospects
reinforce
relevant
antidote
apathy
Lack of interest and concern
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Unit One / Chapter 4
Chapter Review
propaganda
radical
agenda
ruthless
bland
prospects
reinforce
relevant
antidote
apathy
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Unit One
Chapter 4
agenda
prospects
antidote
radical
apathy
reinforce
bland
relevant
propaganda
ruthless
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