Transcript AIM

Do Now
AIM
How did the
United States
mobilize for war?
III. The Military Experience
Americans Join the Fight
U.S. Selective Service Act 1918
(DRAFT)

Passed by Congress
requiring all young men
between 21-30 to
register for military draft

Many enlisted (all ethnic
groups)

By 1918 3 million men
had been drafted
DOUGHBOYS

Tensions and Protest

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

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African Americans moved north during the war to
find jobs with higher pay (Great migration)
Competition for jobs and housing led to race riots
People said “Mr. President, Why not make
AMERICA safe for democracy”
100,000 Mexican workers came to help on farms
Discrimination against German Americans (schools
stopped teaching German)
Congress made it a crime to criticize the
government of interfere with the war
Espionage Act – Law that imposed harsh penalties
for antiwar activities
Sedition Act – An addition to the Espionage Act that
outlawed more antiwar activities
DOUGHBOYS
nickname given to soldiers because of their brass
uniform buttons that resembled boiled dough
dumplings
American Expeditionary Force
(AEF)
(General Pershing)
-about 2 million American soldiers served in France
Women in World War I

50,000 women served.
 Served in American
Red Cross.
 12,000 female Clerical
Workers volunteered for
the Navy.
 305 Marinette's join the
Marines.
 Nurses made up the
majority.
 Interpreters, spies,
operated switchboards,
drove ambulances and
entertained troops.
Wilson quickly prepared U.S. for
war by:
- factories produced war materials
( weapons, uniforms, etc.)
Food Administration (Herbert
Hoover): farmers grew more and
families sacrificed to feed soldiers
(war/victory gardens)
- War Industries Board: told
factories what to produce
- War Labor Board: settled
disputes between labor and
management
Women were
forced to give
up their jobs
to returning
Vets.
This left some
widowed
families
without an
income.
How did the United States
mobilize for war?
Civilians on the Home-front
-Created War/Victory gardens
-Women worked in factories
- Women joined the Red Cross, served as spies, worked switchboards,
joined the Marines
Government:
-Congress imitated a draft (Selective Service Act)
- Passed laws such as the Espionage Act and Sedition Act to
outlawed antiwar activities
- Food Administration created more food for farms
- War industries board told factories what to produce
Soldiers:
- Men drafted went to training camps
Do Now – Analyze using I.D.E.A
7
Discuss with your partner new technologies
that were introduced during world War I
AIM:
Identify
the objective
of the propaganda
poster and explain
the tools used
(keep
in mind the point of
view o the poster)
Propaganda
Propaganda is created by the
government to spread ideas that help
a cause or hurt an opposing cause
 Each side pictures each other as
savage beasts

– Anti-German propaganda often referred
to Germans as Huns

Propaganda comes in different forms
such as a poster, a commercial, a
cartoon, a song, or a speech
 Speeches:
“Four-Minute Men” were sent out
to give speeches and raise
public support for the war
 Video/film:
Charlie Chaplin helped sell Liberty
Bonds to lend the government
money.
“Hang the Kaiser” movies
 Songs:
“Over There”
 Propaganda posters
Propaganda
Objective:
Recruitment of
soldiers
Propaganda Tools:
Patriotic Appeal Uncle Sam and the
use of American
colors red/white/blue
Propaganda
Objective:
Eliminate Dissent and Unify
the Country
Propoganda Tools:
Demonization – Germany is
made to be a monster
Emotional Appeal – promotes
fear
Name calling – Hun
Half truths or Lies – The
Germans were not attacking
us here is the US
Evocative Visual Symbol –
German Helmet
Propaganda
Objective:
Recruitment of soldiers
Propoganda Tools:
Emotional Appeal – to play on
the Irishman’s anger of German
U-boats sinking Lusitania
Patriotic Appeal – To serve your
country to avenge the people
who died on the Lusitania
Evocative Visual Symbol –
Sinking Ship
What is the point
of view of this poster?
Financing the war
Recruitment of
soldiers
Eliminating dissent
and Unifying the
country
Financing the war
Conservation of
resources
Emotional Appeal – family obligation
Patriotic Appeals (soldier fighting for love of
his country)
Catchy Slogan
Evocative Symbols (family helmet, soldier)
Demonization – German Huns
Emotional Appeal (expression of soldiers face)
Name Calling (Germans are Huns)
Half Truth of Lies ( atrocities were not as serious
as poster implies)
Emotional Appeal (clenched fist)
Half Truths of Lies ( Shows Germany on the
defense when they launched the first attack)
Evocative Symbol ( clenched fist)
Emotional Appeal (gardeners and vegetables
expression
Catch Slogan
Evocative Symbol (flag)
Humor (fruits and Vegetables are soldiers)
Financing the War
Eliminating dissent
and Unifying the
country
Eliminating dissent
and unifying the
country
Recruitment of
Soldiers
Participation in the
home front
Patriotic Appeal (French rooster
Catchy Slogan
Evocative Symbols (fighting French
Rooster
Demonization (German Kaiser = devil)
Half Truths or Lies (Many countries were
responsible for destruction not just Germany
Humor or Caricature (German Kaiser
cartoonish)
Demonization (British portrayed as an
octopus
Half Truths or Lies (other nations were also
imperialistic
Name Calling - blodsucker
Patriotic Appeals (patriotic appeal to joining the
military)
Evocative Symbols ( German helmet was a prize
among the Allies, fern represents the death of a
German soldier
Emotional Appeal (soldier makes student feel
guilty
Patriotic Appeals (students sense of obligation to
join military
Evocative Symbols (cap and gown, uniformed
soldier
Do Now – Compare and contrast the two
propaganda posters
AIM
Compare and contrast
the songs:
Johnny get your Gun
and One by Metallica
George M. Cohen- wrote song “Over There”
Johnnie get your gun, get you gun, get your gun,
Take it on the run, on the run, on the run,
Hear them calling you and me;
Every son of Liberty
Hurry right away, no delay, go today,
Make your daddy glad to have had such a lad
Tell your sweetheart not to pine,
To be proud her boy's in line.
Chorus:
Over There, Over There
Send the word, send the word,
Over There
That the Yanks are coming,
The Yanks are coming,
The drums rum tumming everywhere
So prepare,
Say a Prayer
Send the word,
Send the word to beware
We'll be over, we're coming over.
And we won't be back till it's over over there!
Johnnie get your gun, get you gun, get your gun,
Johnnie show the Hun, you're a Son-of-a-Gun,
Hoist the flag and let her fly
Like true heros do or die
Pack your little kit, show your grit, do your bit,
Soldiers to the ranks from the towns and the tanks,
Make your Mother proud of you and to Liberty be true.
One: By Metallica
I can't remember anything
can't tell if this is true or dream
deep down inside I feel to scream
this terrible silence stops me
now that the war is through with me
I'm waking up, I cannot see
that there's not much left of me
nothing is real but pain now
hold my breath as I wish for death
oh please God, wake me
back in the womb it's much too real
in pumps life that I must feel
but can't look forward to reveal
look to the time when I'll live
fed through the tube that sticks in me
just like a wartime novelty
tied to machines that make me be
cut this life off from me
hold my breath as I wish for death
oh please God, wake me
now the world is gone I'm just one
oh God, help me hold my breath as I wish for death
darkness ………..imprisoning me
all that I see
absolute horror
I cannot live
I cannot die
trapped in myself
body my holding cell
landmine ….has taken my sight
taken my speech
taken my hearing
taken my arms
taken my legs
taken my soul
left me with life in hell
Over There
One
DO NOW
AIM: How did the U.S Help to
Secure an Allied Victory in WWI?
1914
 1st Battle at the Ypres
1915
 2nd Battle at Ypres
1916
 Battle at Verdune
Allies stopped Germans.
 Battle
at Somme
1917
 3rd Battle at Ypres
Germans stopped the Allies
The War at a Stalemate

Why was the war at a stalemate?
– Both sides were dug in while engaging in
the horrors of trench warfare
– During the stalemate, the frontline moved
only a few miles for months at a time
– Neither side was able to gain ground,
thousands of troops were lost on both
sides
– This continued for 3 years.
Russia Withdraws for the War - 1917
– Russia Revolution
– Czar Nicholas II was overthrown.
– Bolsheviks (communists) take power
under V.I. Lenin
– Russia signs an armistice with
Germany.
– Armistice – An end to fighting.
– This allowed Germans and the
Central Powers to place all their
troops of the Western Front.
March 1918
 June
1917 -a small force of 14,000
Yanks arrive in France
 Germans try to launch an offensive
before All American troops arrive.
Germans smash
through French lines
and are 50 miles from
Paris at the Marne River
Within 2 months
American Expeditionary Force
(AEF)
1918
1 million fresh U.S.
troops arrive in
France.
– American troops had
an independent role
and also helped
British and French
troops
(General Pershing)
America Turns the Tide of the War
May 28th 1918


- American soldiers attack
the town of Cantigny blasting
enemies our of trenches and
dragging them from cellars.
This allied victory boosted
Allied morale
Strength &
Energy of fresh
U.S. troops broke
the stalemate and
turned the tide of
the war toward
the allies.
BATTLES
Battle of Chateau – Thierry
- Americans hold their
ground against the
Germans.
Americans assist the French
and stop
.
-Battle at Belleau Wood
-Americans retake the forest
from the Germans.
380 out of 400 soldiers were
killed but Americans proved
themselves in combat
the German advance
Americans Turn the Tides
Americans stop German’s second
attack at the Marne River and begin to
push back the Germans.
 The Second Battle of the Marne River
was the turning point of the war.

Final Battle – Meuse Argonne
th
September 26 , 1918
– 1.2 million U.S. soldiers took part in a massive
drive to push back he German line between the
Argonne Forest and the Meuse River
– 26,000 Americans died in this battle
– By November the Germans were retreating
The War Ends
Germany realized that since the US entry
into the war, it could not win
 The German Kaiser abdicated his throne
 Armistice is reached (Agreement to stop
fighting)
 The shooting stopped at 11am on
November 11th 1918.
(11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th
month)

Which country has the fewest causalities? Why?
Meuse – Argonne Hero
Alvin York

Tennessee-born
American soldier
attacked and
killed 25 German
machine gunners
in the Argonne
Forest and
captured 132
German soldiers.
Awarded the Medal of Honor
Northern France was in ruins
Northern France was in ruins
African Americans in WWI

400,000 African
American served in
WWI.
 They served in
segregated combat
divisions.
 They faced
discrimination when
they returned.
 369th, 371st, and 372nd
units fought under
French commanders
were awarded France’s
highest honor:
Croix de Guerre
How did the U.S Help to Secure an
Allied Victory in WWI?
U.S. troops added new energy,
manpower, and firepower to the allied
cause
 U.S. industry, untouched by war,
provided the weapons and technology
needed to win
 The entrance of the U.S. (toward the
end of the war) broke the stalemate
and pushed the allies to victory

Impact of the War
8 to 9 million Europeans died in
battle
50,000 Americans died in battle
More than 20 million soldiers on
both sides were wounded
Millions of Germans were near
starvation
Many European children were
left orphaned and homeless
Flu epidemic killed more than
20 million people
worldwide.(Twice as many as
the war itself)
Factors that contributed to the
enormous loss of life during WWI
1. The introduction of new weapons such
as the machine gun and poison gas.
(technology)
2. The large number of nations involved in
the conflict.
3. The refusal of either side to accept an
early victory.