Transcript Unit 2 power point

Unit 2: Road to the Revolution
McGuire
2012-2013
Honors US History
Quick-write in your notes:
What is something you want to change? And why?
IDEAS TO GET YOU STARTED:
It could be anything… (pick one or two)
● About yourself
● About your community
● About our country
● About how people relate to one another
● Etc, etc.
Essential Questions
● Was the American War for Independence
inevitable?
○ Certain to happen; unavoidable
● What was the cause of the American
Revolution?
Causes of the Revolution
We’ll be looking at the years from
~1700 to ~1775
Be taking note of the different political,
economic, and social happenings that would
cause the colonists’ to move toward
revolution
Revolutions
● What is a revolution?
○ Discuss in a group of two
● Does it always involve war?
● Can one be on a small scale?
● Can one happen over a long period of time?
● Is a revolution only political? Only social? Only economic?
○ Write your answers in your journal
● What do you know?
● What do you want to know?
11.20.13
Students will understand the Navigation
Acts
Please get with TWO
other people who share a
last initial with you.
If no one does or you only have a group of
two, stand in the middle-front of the room
Imagine this scenario...
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For the Food Bowl next year, ALL donations
must go through Principal Gaines to be
counted/approved
Think through this scenario with the partners
I gave you
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What could possibly go wrong?
What are the potential benefits?
How would classes feel about this?
Why would Principal Gaines want that specific
power?
Mercantilism
Whatever is in bold...copy down
● A nation’s goal was to be as self sufficient as
possible and have a positive balance of trade
○ didn’t want to have to rely on any other nation for anything
○ wanted all the glory
○ get more than you give
● To achieve this goal empires conquered lands,
created colonies, produced staple agricultural
products
○ notebooks full of paper!!!
● Colonies existed only for the sake, welfare,
enrichment of the mother country. Forbidden
to trade with the enemy.
○ This was the logic of the imperial era.
Navigation Acts
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The Navigation Acts required all of a
colony's imports to be either bought from
England or resold by English merchants in
England, no matter what price could be
obtained elsewhere.
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This meant that everything had to go through
England. (Remember the point of a colony?)
Think about all of those cash crops, lumber, furs,
fish, etc.
11.22.13
Students will understand the nature of and
effects of the French and Indian War.
Entry Task:
Take a guess: Why is this
war called the French and
Indian War?
*HW: read pp 85-89 in your textbook by
Monday*
Historical Impact of the Nav. Acts
Some historians argue that the Nav Acts
negatively impacted colonists’ financially.
Others, however, argue that the economic
impact was pretty small but it caused
significant political friction.
Ex: Principal Gaines, Food Bowl donations
What’s in a name?
● Seven Years War
○ British historians
● French and Indian War
○ American historians (for the most part)
● Anglo-French rivalry
○ Canadian historians
● La guerre de la Conquete (War of the
Conquest)
○ French Canadians
French and Indian War = 7 Years War
War between the British and the French
VS.
New France around 1750 -- Empires Collide
Background on War
● Who: British, French and
allied Native Americans on
each side
● What: Fighting over Ohio
Valley
● Where: Northern colonies;
Pennsylvania, New York
● When: 1754-1763
● Why: Land, power
Ohio River Valley
Clash of Empires: English, French, & Spanish
● Four world wars between 1688 and 1763
● British were pushing west into Ohio Valley
● French needed to retain it to link Canadian
holdings with the lower Mississippi valley &
Caribbean.
Journal Entry—10 minutes
How do you decide who your friends
are?
How do you decide who NOT to be
friends with?
1.
2.
Discuss with someone one way people pick
their friends (either you or just a general way)
Discuss with someone one reason why you
are NOT friends with someone (either your or
just a general way)
Effects of the French and Indian War
https://www.gilderlehrman.org/multimedia?c
ategory=16&theme=all&sortby=chrono&le
ngth=all#3296
Expansion
of Iroquois
in Great
Lake
region
11.22.13
Students will understand the effects of
the French and Indian War
Get out your blue chart
and notes
11.25.2013 Goal: To understand the nature
and effects of the French and Indian War
Entry Task:
Please get out a half-sheet of paper.
Sharing is caring.
Role of Native Americans
● French entered friendship with local Huron
Indians
○ French learned their language, customs,
lived side by side with them
● Iroquois, the enemy of the Huron, would ally
with English b/c of this
○ Iroquois were made up of Mohawk, Oneida,
Onondaga, Cayuga and Seneca nations and
later the Tuscarora.
Native American Tribes in America
Native-European “Friendship”
● From the three following passages
○ Take notes (don’t copy word for word)
○ Write what you learn about friendship between:
● Natives and French
● Natives and British
Native friendship with the French
In North America the French and Indian War changed the future of
the continent and impacted many cultures: English, American,
French, Canadian, Huron, Algonquian, Iroquois, etc. Each side,
French and British, found allies in Native Americans. The French
usually got along with Native Americans because they did not
threaten the Native American way of life. In fact, French traders
had lived among the Indians for years and had married into
their culture. They learned to respect native traditions and did
not destroy the land where Native Americans hunted – because
fur trade, not farming, was New France’s main source of
income. Many Algonquian-speaking nations allied themselves
with the French, including the Miami, Ottawa, Potawatomi,
Ojibwa, Menominee, Huron, Shawnee, pro-French Seneca, and
Delaware allies at Monongahela River.
Native friendship with the British
The British allied themselves with the Iroquois Confederacy or
Haudenosaunee (hou-DE-noh-sah-nee). The Iroquois nations: Seneca,
Mohawk, Oneida, Cayuga, Onondaga, and later the Tuscarora, had
formed a strong alliance in which each nation pledged to protect the
others. This alliance made the Iroquois very powerful. It protected them
from outside enemies but ensured them of internal peace. Once a year,
each nation sent representatives to a council, where concerns were
addressed and voted upon. The League’s constitution was written in
symbols of unity on a beaded wampum belt. The nations inhabited
western New York, which included all the major trade routes of the
region and stretched from Niagara Falls to Albany, New York, from New
England to Ohio. The Iroquois had been enemies of the French since
Samuel de Champlain sided against them by joining forces with the
Huron in battles against them in 1609. In 1754, the British government
asked the Iroquois to side with them. At first, the Iroquois refused. They
pointed out that the British and French were fighting over Iroquois land,
but when the French and British began to fight in their forests, the
Iroquois were pulled in.
Native-British friendship, continued
The British were able to get the aid of the Iroquois with the
help of William Johnson, an English fur trader, who
settled in the Mohawk Valley. The Mohawk called him
Warraghiyagey (war-rag-ee-YAH-gay), which means
“Doer of Great Things.” He was married twice to
Mohawk women. Through his marriages, Johnson
became so influential that he was made a minor British
nobleman and commissioned “Colonel of the Six
Nations.” Johnson called a meeting of the Iroquois
Confederacy, where he promised the nations that their
land would be protected. He tried very hard to honor
that promise, but others did not.
Albany Congress (1754) Native-Brit friendship
● Mass, NH, Conn, RI, NY, Penn, and MD
● Called leaders from all the colonies to meet in Albany
to discuss Native “problem” and meet with Iroquois.
● British sought to make allies; gave many gifts (including
guns) -- Iroquois refused to commit themselves to the
British
● Purpose: Indian affairs, coordinate col. military
operations, & forming new colonies in western
territories
● Long-range effect: greater colonial unity; strong
defense against France.
Benjamin Franklin “Join or Die”
Meant to encourage each Colony to join
the cause of the British.
If one part bails out, the whole animal will die.
Results of the war
● British got most of French territory
● Colonies’ dreams of expanding westward were
now in reach
● Colonists learned how to fight
● Colonies unified for first time
● British in massive debt
● Resentment in Parliament
Results of the war
Spain
Proclamation of 1763
● British declared colonists could not move into
the land they just won from French
o King said it was to calm Native worries
o Colonists thought it was because the King
could control them more easily if they
were just kept close to the coast.
Thesis statement
What is a thesis statement?
· Thesis statements are a 1 or 2 sentence argument. They
establish the point of view the writer is taking, and the focus of
the paper.
· Thesis statements set the mood for the paper, and they
prepare the reader for facts and details, which you will provide
as evidence for your thesis.
A Thesis Statement can NEVER be a question! It should be the
answer to the question.
Thesis continued
Where are thesis statements located?Thesis statements are
generally found in the introduction, or opening paragraph, of
a research paper. In addition, thesis statements are often
restated in the conclusion, or last paragraph.
A few general guidelines·The thesis statement does not have to
be long or complicated.
·The thesis statement must be supported by using sufficient
evidence in your paper.
·The thesis statement can appear anywhere in the opening
paragraph, however, it is most likely to be the first or last
sentence.
Thesis continued
An example to followA thesis statement that is too general
serves no purpose! Always keep the statement specific. Two
examples:
Too General:
“The American Revolution had political and economic causes.”
Revised:
“British policies such as the Sugar, Tea, and Townshend Acts
angered the North American colonists because they thought
of them as violations of the tradition of salutary neglect, and
as a violation of their political rights as Englishmen. Britain’s
political and economic crackdown following the French and
Indian War was the most important factor contributing to the
American Revolution.”
American Revolution in 30 seconds
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British vs. North American colonists (13 colonies)
Colonists fought the British
Colonists won the war
Colonists became independent of Great Britain
Became the United STATES of America
12.2.13
Students will understand how the Sugar
Act and Stamp Act demonstrated the
end of salutary neglect.
Agenda:
Check Homework
Salutary Neglect
Sugar Act
Stamp Act
Weekends
Letter from Randy Dorn
Salutary Neglect
● Salutary: beneficial, having good effects
● Neglect: being ignored or disregarded
The colonies were given a decent amount of freedom
to do as they pleased
In return, they supported the “mother country” by
supplying her with raw materials to be manufactured
1763--A shift happens
● What was the shift?
● How would the colonists react?
The context leading up the Rev. War
● British in debt from F&I War
○ national debt had doubled, from approximately £70 million
to £140 million
● ½ of debt due to protection of colonies
● British wanted colonists to pay 1/3 of maintaining a
garrison of 7,500 British soldiers to protect against
Native uprisings
● Cost of administering Britain's North American
colonies skyrocketed with acquisition of new land
● George Grenville--new British Prime Minister under
which salutary neglect ended
Sugar Act – April 1764
● “it is just and necessary that a revenue should be
raised ... for defraying the expenses of defending,
protecting, and securing” the colonies
● First act passed to raise revenue for crown
● Aimed to regulate trade by collecting a tax that
colonists had not paid for years
● Reduced taxes on molasses but taxed all molasses
● Not enforced effectively
Stamp Act - 1765
● Purpose – Raise $ to support the new military
force in colonies (George Grenville)
● March 1765
● Provisions: Official stamps on paper would
serve as proof of payment
● Tax applied to published materials and legal
documents ex: pamphlets, newspapers,
diplomas, marriage cert, death cert.
● Affected all colonists
Thursday 1.9: Review the Boston Massacre
and practice using primary sources
Entry Task:
Please create a Frayer Model on a blank sheet of
paper. (Reminder of the format below)
Propaganda
Definiton: ideas or statements that are often false or
exaggerated and that are spread in order to help a
cause, a political leader, a government, etc.
Top left quadrant of your frayer model: Write this
definition and then put it into your own words with
the help of one neighbor.
Top right quadrant: Examples
(you’ll need three)
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Something that stretches the truth to make
you want a product, a person to be the
political leader, or to follow a cause, etc.
Trash talking another person to make your
self/your cause look better
Manipulating information to make something
look better. Omitting facts, etc.
Bottom left quadrant: Non-Examples
(you’ll need two)
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informative brochure stating all perspectives
on Marijuana use
a political brochure explaining for AND
against positions on different ballot measures
etc.
Bottom right quadrant: Illustration
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Drawing of what you understand propaganda
to be
Anything that helps you understand the
concept
Anything that shows that you understand the
concept
Boston Massacre Review
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March 5, 1770
Boston, Massachusetts
Royal troops had been growing in # in this
region to enforce acts (specfically Townshend
Acts)
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(4,000 soldiers to 20,000 Boston residents!)
Not called Boston Massacre until 1773 when
Paul Revere used the term
5 men died
Boston Massacre Review
● Analyze and take notes on the following two
images
● We will be having a class discussion about
them
VS.
Paul Revere’s
depiction of the
Boston
Massacre
The first depiction of the event by Henry Pelham
Discussion Questions
l
While there are many similarities in the
engravings by Henry Pelham and Paul
Revere, there are also significant
differences. Carefully examine both
documents and explain how they differ.
Consider both the image of the event and
the text at the top and bottom of both
documents.
2. Revere’s document was well known at the
time while Pelham’s was less regarded.
Over the years, Revere’s painting has
gained notoriety and has been frequently
reproduced in textbooks and popular
publications. How can this be explained?
3. Why has this image been referred to
frequently as a work of propaganda?
Homework
● Add to your Frayer Model examples,
non-examples, and your illustration of
what propaganda is.
● Come to class tomorrow with a full and
complete Frayer Model on propaganda.
1.10: FINAL prep
Please get out your:
● Frayer Model
● Blue Chart
● Study Guide (coral sheet)
Rest of Semester
● End of semester is January 24
● Unit test on the 21st (our final)
● This comes from your study guide
○ Be working on this at home/on your own time
● Multiple choice
● matching
● A few short answers
Study Guide
● The only term you need to know in the last
row is Declaration of Independence
● Apply that to your blue-chart
● We will be covering that information after the
test but I don’t want everyone cramming too
much into their heads
Things you should be able to elaborate on
● French and Indian War
○ What was it and what 3 impacts it had?
● Economic and political tensions b/w GB and the
colonies
○ Economic reasons the colonists were rebelling
○ Political reasons the colonists were rebelling
● British actions that caused Colonial reactions
(boycotts, fights, etc.) and the effect of those
reactions
○ Ex: Stamp Act-->Sons of Liberty-->effective?
○ Ex: Tea Act→Boston Tea Party→Intolerable Acts
● Propaganda
○ What is it and how was it used in after the Boston
Massacre?
1.13.2014
Please get out
1. notes
2. blue chart
3. study guide
Propaganda Frayer Model
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If you missed something, get it back to me by
Tuesday/Wednesday
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For instance, if I wrote something like “Paul
Revere’s image propaganda?” that means you
need to answer the final discussion question about
why Revere’s image is referred to as propaganda.
In your own words (IYOW), illustration, examples,
etc. all needed by Tuesday as well.
Townshend Acts
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1767
Among other things, it continued to establish
the precedent that the British had the right to
tax the colonies
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Colonists reaction to this?
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It placed duties/taxes on paper, paint, lead, glass, tea
Not good, protests, boycotts
Led to more military being placed in the
colonies, specifically Boston, to “control the
situation”
^ That is argued to have led to the Boston
Boston Tea Party
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Dec 16, 1773
Supposedly the Sons of Liberty dressed as
Natives dumped an entire ship of tea into the
Boston harbor. Hurt no one physically but
cost $$$.
Protest of the Tea Act, continued the “No
Taxation w/o Representation” ideals of some
Patriots
GB saw this is a childish act that needed to be
punished by the...
Intolerable Acts
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Known as Coercive Acts in GB
1774
In direct response to the Boston Tea Party.
They were the punishment for it.
Closed the port of Boston (where the tea had
been dumped)
Basically, put Mass. gov’t under direct control
of the royally appointed governor
Declaration of Independence
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July 4, 1776
Philadelphia PA
Signed by Sam Adams, John Hancock, Ben
Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, 52 others from
all colonies (Committees of Correspondence--What
are we going to do about the British??)
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Held ideals of the Patriots who desired
independence (life, liberty, pursuit of
happiness)
Majority of the document is a list of “abuses”
and “usurpations” made by King George III, as
seen by the men who signed it.
Reactions to the Dec of Ind
1.
2.
3.
Patriots had made their stand--started
developing militias and armies--Continental
Army
Loyalists were outraged. They felt that the
Patriots had just taken over.
GB began to plan how to respond to the
rebellious colonies.
a.
4.
most powerful military in the world. Best Navy!
The world was watching. France in particular
decided to side with the colonists
British strengths and American strengths
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British
Military
Navy
Funding
Well paid and well fed
soldiers
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Americans
Strong cause
Geographic size of the
colonies (large)
Inexperienced soldiers
but showed
competence in fighting
French alliance
1.15.13
Agenda
Lexington and Concord
Practice short answer questions
If you need to re-turn in your Frayer model
please get it out now
Lexington and Concord
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April 19, 1775
Communities near Boston
British soldiers were secretly ordered to go
and destroy military supplies (guns, ammo,
etc.) being stored by the Mass. militia (army)
Their second job was to find rebels Sam
Adams and John Hancock
Patriots had received word through spying
and, among others, Paul Revere rode around
warning “The Regulars are coming!”
continued...
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The Regulars arrived at Lex. and encountered
70 Colonial minutemen (soldiers who could
be ready in a minute)
“Shot heard ‘round the world” was fired
there and is considered the first shot in the
Rev War
The Regulars “won” both battles but
Colonists felt they were successful and used
this to gain momentum by encouraging
others to join the Patriot cause
continued...
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Boston became surrounded by thousands of
colonial militia (later became Continental
Army) aimed at cutting off the British soldiers
in Boston from getting any supplies (Colonial
success and motivator)
What’s so wrong with this?
● He is at this time transporting large Armies of
foreign Mercenaries to complete the works of
death, desolation and tyranny, already begun
with circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy scarcely
paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and
totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation.
(Dec of Ind)
● Pass out Dec of Ind
Things you should be able to elaborate on
● French and Indian War
○ What was it and what 3 impacts it had?
● Economic and political tensions b/w GB and the
colonies
○ Economic reasons the colonists were rebelling
○ Political reasons the colonists were rebelling
● British actions that caused Colonial reactions
(boycotts, fights, etc.) and the effect of those
reactions
○ Ex: Stamp Act-->Sons of Liberty-->effective?
○ Ex: Tea Act→Boston Tea Party→Intolerable Acts
● Propaganda
○ What is it and how was it used in after the Boston
Massacre?
Challenge
Make your French and Indian War answer
better by getting as many of the
Ch 3 Sec 4 words in your answer as
possible
What was the F&I war and what are 3
impacts that it had?
Economic reasons colonists were rebelling
Def: Relating to the production and
management of material wealth
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Brainstorm as many economic reasons the
colonists were upset as possible
Use your blue chart, Dec of Ind, study guide,
and notes
Political reasons colonists were rebelling
Def: relating to the structure or affairs of gov’t,
laws, or the state
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Brainstorm as many political reasons the
colonists were upset about as possible
Use blue chart, Dec of Ind, study guide, and
notes
Your lists of Economic/Political
reasons colonists were rebelling...
Next to the reasons, write the actions
Colonists took, if you know.
British action->Colonists
reaction-> Effectiveness?
British action:
Colonists Reaction: ?
Effective or not^ (in your educated opinion):
And Why?
British actions and Colonial reactions 1st period
1. Sugar Act → boycotts, protests
2. Proclamation of 1763 → end of salutary neglect,
colonists start to feel stifled
3. Taxation → Boston Tea Party
4. No colonial rep in parliament → Continental
Congress → Dec of Ind
5. Closing down port of Boston (Intolerable Acts) →
smuggling, other colonies unite to help Boston
6. Navigation Acts → smuggling
7. Stamp Act → forming the Sons of Liberty
8. increasing troops in Boston → mobs that
encouraged what became the Boston Massacre
9. Boston Massacre → Revere’s propaganda and
British action and Colonial reaction 5th period
1. End of salutary neglect → Continental Congress →
Declaration of Independence
2. Tea Act → Boston Tea Party
3. Intolerable Acts → collected supplies to battle British
Regulars, creation of militia → Lexington and
Concord
4. Navigation Acts → colonists boycotted British goods
and/or smuggled goods
5. Taxation w/o representation → Dec of Ind
6. Townshend Acts → mobs that then caused the Boston
Massacre
7. Boston Massacre → Revere’s propaganda
8. Stamp Act → Sons of Liberty formed
9. Intolerable Acts → many colonies helped supply Boston
British Action and Colonist Reaction 4th period
1. Townshend Acts → dumped tea into Boston harbor
2. Stamp Act → Creation of the Sons of Liberty
3. Intolerable Acts → Colonies helped each other
(specifically Boston)
4. Tea Act → Boston Tea Party
5. Proclamation of 1763 → blamed the King, were
upset
6. soldiers stationed in Boston → mobs → Boston
Massacre
7. Lex and Concord → success used to encourage
people to join Patriot’s cause
8. Boston Massacre → Paul Revere’s propaganda
9. taxation w/o rep → Declaration of Independence
British Actions/Colonial Reactions 2nd period
1. Townshend Acts → Boston Tea Party
2. Stamp Act → Sons of Liberty
3. Proc of 1763→ Couldn’t use land to make profit,
not happy about it
4. Troops stationed in Boston → mobs → Boston
Massacre
5. Boston Massacre → Propaganda (Revere)
6. Lexington and Concord → Fought back, killed
some soldiers, surrounded Boston
7. Navigation Acts → smuggled goods
8. taxation w/o rep → Declaration of
Independence
9. taxation w/o rep → boycotts of British goods
Propaganda
What is it and how was it used after the
Boston Massacre?
Use at least 2 historical details for the BM
portion of the question
Questions/Review
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Remember sectionalism? These are
things that changed that and unified the
colonies:
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Albany Plan of Union/Congress
Ending of Salutary Neglect
Closing of the Boston Harbor
Boston Massacre
Committees of Correspondence
Any other you can think of?
Road to the Revolution chart (Blue,
purple, white)
● This is your proof of practice for the test
● Must be completed to be able to take the
test
Frayer Model of Propaganda
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Your other proof of practice
100% complete