Transcript The Road to Revolution

Bell Ringer:
What features describe
the New England,
Middle, and Southern
Colonies?
Left Group: New
England
Center Group: Middle
What European countries
had colonies in
America?
Britain
France
Spain
Native Americans were
also here trying to
survive.
Bell Ringer:
What are the
characteristics of the
two sides in the war?
1’s tell 2’s 2 things
about the British
2’s tell the 1’s 2
things about the
Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)
• Conflict between Natives and frontier settlers
• Governor Berkley (VA) wanted peace
• Nathaniel Bacon attacked Native villages
• Berkley and the House of Burgesses did not support attacks
• Bacon and his men marched to Jamestown
• Threatened to kill the Governor and the H.o.B. members
• Burned the Capital
• Retreated after British forces arrive
I. North America as part of the
British Empire
A. Colonies provide raw materials
to England
B. England controls American trade
C. England fights with France &
Spain for control of North
America
North America in 1750
II. French & Indian War (1754-1763)
A. France & England fight for
control of Ohio Valley & Canada
B. Early part of the war in
western Pennsylvania
1. 1754 - Ft. Duquesne built
by the French
a. Major George Washington sent by
Virginia to kick French out of P A
i. Kills a French
diplomat &
builds Ft.
Necessity
b. GW defeated at Ft.
Necessity - war
begins
Fort Duquesene
Fort Necessity
Domain of Three
Nations
What event is depicted in the painting?
What three nations are represented in the
painting?
What is the underlying theme (message) of the
painting?
Fort Necessity Surrender Agreement
Captain de Villers grants these terms to the British on July 3, 1754
It is not our goal to make trouble, but only to revenge the assassination of
one of our officers and to stop the British from settling on our land. With this in
mind we will allow the British to surrender based upon the following agreement:
1. We allow the British to return peacefully to their colony on the other side of
the Allegheny Mountains.
2. We will allow them to take all their belongings, except their cannons.
3. We grant them the “Honors of War” showing them that we thought they
fought well and that we are still friends.
4. As soon as this agreement is signed , the British will take down their flag.
5. Tomorrow at daybreak we will take control of Fort Necessity.
6. The British give their honor that they will not build a for or building beyond
the Allegheny Mountains for one year from today.
7. The British have 21 French prisoners captured at the time they assassinated
Jumonville. In order to make sure that those French are returned safely to
us, we will take Captain Stobo and Captain Van Braam with us as prisoners
to Fort Duquesne. We will return both when the French prisoners are
returned to us.
2. 1755 - GW returns with a larger
British force
a. commander General Edward
Braddock
b. Braddock killed
mission fails
C. Strategic locations captured by
the British
1. 1758 - Ft. Louisbourg (St.
Lawrence River)
2. 1758 - Ft. Duquesne (Ohio River)
a. Rebuilt & named after the
British leader, William Pitt
3. 1759 - Ft. Niagara (Great Lakes)
4. 1759 - Quebec (capital of New France)
a. French led by Montcalm
b. British led by Wolfe
c. Battle occurs on the Plains
of Abraham
both
killed
Albany Plan of Union
Attempted to create a single
government to lead the
colonies
D. Treaty of Paris signed in 1763
1. France lost its empire in
North America
2. Spain gained some land
3. British obtained MUCH land in
North America
a. Gained a £130 million debt
b. Bitter feelings toward the colonists
4. Americans were united and began
to not trust the British
North America in 1763
E. Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)
1. Tension along the
frontier
a. Settlers went past the
Proclamation Line of 1763
2. Pontiac and allies attacked
settlements and forts in their areas
Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)
Proclamation
of 1763
Bell Ringer:
What effect did the F&I war have on the relationship
between the British and the American Colonists?
British-American
Colonial Tensions
Colonials
Methods of
Fighting:
British
• Indian-style guerilla • March in formation or
bayonet charge.
tactics.
Military
• Col. militias served
Organization: under own captains.
• Br. officers wanted to
take charge of colonials.
Military
Discipline:
• No mil. deference or
protocols observed.
• Drills & tough
discipline.
Finances:
• Resistance to rising
taxes.
• Colonists should pay
for their own defense.
Demeanor:
• Casual,
non-professionals.
• Prima Donna Br.
officers with servants
& tea settings.
III. Crisis Over Taxes
A. British Parliament thinks colonists
should help pay off the debt caused
by the F & I War
1. Sugar Act (1764) illegal to buy nonBritish sugar (ignored)
2. Stamp Act (Feb 1765) taxed legal
documents, newspapers, and
other printed items
Discussion Points:
Were the British
right to put taxes on
the Colonists?
How did the
Colonists respond
to the taxes that
were passed?
B. Colonists Respond
1. No Taxation Without Representation
colonists don’t elect members to
Parliament
2. Angry colonists protest sometimes
violently
3. Boycott: colonists refuse to buy
British goods
4. Stamp Act Congress (Oct 1765): meeting
of delegates from 9 colonies
a. Send a petition to George III
C. Parliament Responds
1. Boycott causes loss of income
a. Stamp Act repealed (1766)
2. New idea for taxation: Townshend Acts
(June 1767)
a. placed taxes on paper, paint, lead,
glass, and tea
b. colonists could produce these
3. British send troops to enforce these laws
Discussion Point:
What effect do the British
Soldiers sent to enforce the
laws have on the opinions of the
colonists toward the British?
Tar and Feathering
IV. The Crisis Worsens
A. The Boston Massacre (March 5, 1770)
1. Conflict between British soldiers and
colonists
2. Colonists throw snow & ice at soldiers
3. Someone yelled “FIRE”& soldiers shot
at the people
4. Five citizens killed including Crispus
Attucks
B. Townshend Acts repealed (March 5, 1770)
Crispus Attucks
The Bloody Massacre (March 27,1770)
By Paul Revere
The Boston Massacre (April 10,1770)
By Henry Pelham
The Boston Massacre (1868)
By Alonzo Chappel
Committees of Correspondence
Purpose  Warn neighboring colonies
about incidents with Br.
 Broaden the resistance
movement.
(CP) Summary Point:
Write a short letter to the editor of the
Boston Gazette in response to the
Boston Massacre and the events
surrounding it. Be sure to include your
opinion on the course of action that
should be taken.
(GN) Summary Point:
Bring in an example
of propaganda from
the media.
(newspapers,
internet, T.V.,
etc…) Be ready to
explain why it is
Bell Ringer:
Take out the example
of propaganda.
Share the example
with the class and
tell why it is
propaganda.
C. Tea Act (May 1773)
1. Colonists must buy tea from the
British East India Company
a. Monopoly on tea and cut out colonial
businessmen
2. 3¢ per pound tax on tea, but it was
cheaper
D. Boston Tea Party (December 1773)
1. Colonists angry about the tax on tea
2. Protesters, led by Samuel Adams,
threw 342 chest of tea into Boston
Harbor
Boston Tea Party (1773)
CP Classes:
Write a letter to the
editor in response to
the Boston Tea Party.
1’s will write as if they
were supporting the
Loyalist side.
2’s will write as if they
were supporting the Patriot
side.
GN Classes:
Write a 1 paragraph response
to the Boston Tea Party and
preceding events from a
certain perspective.
1’s will write as if they
were supporting the
Loyalist side.
2’s will write as if they
were supporting the Patriot
side.
E. Intolerable Acts (Spring 1774)
1. Passed by Parliament to punish
Massachusetts for the Tea Party
2. Port of Boston closed until the tea
was paid for (£9000)
3. Governor of MA replaced with a
military general
4. Elected officials replaced with
appointed officials
5. Colonists must provide housing for
British soldiers
Modern Cost of the Tea Party:
£11,852,030.57
$23,729,767.20
V. The Road to War
A. First Continental Congress (September
1774)
1. 12 colonies send delegates to Philadelphia
2. Purpose: restore peace, NOT declare
independence
Independence Hall
3. Agree on a course of action
a. Ignore Intolerable Acts
b. Continue boycott of British goods
c. Set up colonial militias
i. Citizen-soldiers trained to serve
in an emergency
B. Fighting Begins: Lexington & Concord
(April 1775)
1. Colonial militias have arms stored in
Concord
2. British set out to capture these arms
The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere
1) Read the Poem “The Midnight Ride of
Paul Revere by Henry
Wadsworth Longfellow.
2) Write a short synopsis of the events of
the poem.
3) Read the Real
Midnight Ride of
Paul Revere.
4) Compare and Contrast the two by
creating a graphic organizer to display the
information.
3. British meet Lexington militia & shots are fired;
8 colonists killed
4. British find no weapons at Concord & retreat
to Boston
5. Colonial militias attack the retreating
Redcoats with ambushes
a. colonial casualties: 49 dead, 41 wounded
b. British casualties: 73 dead, 174 wounded;
26 missing
The Shot Heard ’Round the World!
Who Fired It?
Who Fired First?
After reading the evidence provided and
recorded on the chart, answer the following
question on a separate sheet of paper.
Who do you believe fired the first shot?
Explain why you have come to this
conclusion and include specific examples to
justify your thinking.