Transcript Comprehension Skills and Text Structures

Reading Comprehension Skills Common Core State Standards
Participants Training Book
Name_________________________________
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Key Points of Training:
In the development of this training, it became very clear
that – Comprehension Skills , are embedded in the
genre’s text structure.
Therefore:
In this training, we will learn…
• how to recognize Comprehension Skills, as integrated
components of Text Structures.
Key “Take-Aways”:
• Comprehension skills are not isolated from text
structures.
• Understanding text structures prepare students to
become writers.
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A skill is the learned capacity to carry out
pre-determined results.
Skills are evidenced by an end product.
A strategy is a plan of action designed to
achieve a specific goal.
Strategies are evidenced by an on-going
process.
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What is a Reading Comprehension Skill?
Reading comprehension skills are an extension of the function
(purpose and language) of a text’s structure.
Reading comprehension skills create a vehicle that allows students to
construct meaning within a specific genre structure. 1
Text Structure
The Common Core State Standards require
students to recognize text structures that are
specific to genre on a continuum of increasing
complexity.2
Text Structure is a qualitative measure on the
CCSS
Text Complexity Continuum.
1“Students
who are taught to identify the structure of expository and narrative text have been found to have better
comprehension than students who have not received such instruction.” (Taylor, 1992)
2“Students
must be able to read and comprehend independently and proficiently the kinds of complex texts commonly
found in college and careers.”
~ Common Core State
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5 Steps to…
Selecting a Comprehension Skill
Comprehension skills should. . .
2
Support the
Genre
5
Assessment
Matches Depth
of Knowledge
1
CCSS
Standard
3
Parallel the
Text
Structure
4
Connect
Reading to
Writing
5
1
CCSS
Standard
Grade 3 Reading…
Common Core Standards
Comprehension Skills align with the CCSS genre.
Example: Reading Literature
RL.3.2 Recount stories, including fables, folktales, and
myths from diverse cultures; determine the central
message, lesson, or moral and explain how it is conveyed
through key details in the text.
Example: Informational Reading
RI.3.3 Describe the relationship between a series of
historical events, scientific ideas or concepts, or steps in
technical procedures in a text, using language that
pertains to time, sequence, and cause/effect.
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2
Example of Grade 3, CCSS
Reading and Writing Genres
Support the
Genre
Comprehension Skills are determined by
the genre’s structure.
Grade 3 CCSS Reading Genre
Literary Genres
Informational Genres
Stories
Historic Non-Fiction
Story Series
Science Non-fiction
Fables
Technical Writing
Folktales
Graphs
Culturally Diverse Myths
Maps
Narratives
Songs
Drama
Poems
Grade 3 CCSS Writing Genre
Descriptive
Informative/Explanatory
Narrative
Short Research Projects
Personal Narrative
Persuasive/Opinion
CCSS Text Exemplar Lists
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3
Parallel the
Text
Structure
Common Genre
Structures and Patterns of Text
Comprehension Skills are titled after
text structures.
Literary Story Elements
Informational Text Structures
Characters
Cause and Effect
Setting
Sequence
Problem/Solution
Compare and Contrast
Plot
Description
Problem and Solution
Non-fiction text is written with an emphasis on the function
or purpose of the text.
Fictional text is written with an emphasis on story elements, however;
literary text contain one or more text structures found in informational text.
Text Structure with Literacy Leader
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4
Connect
Reading to
Writing
Text structures - have specific graphic
organizers that parallel the reading
comprehension skills. Graphic organizers
prepare students to write.
Comprehension Skills graphic organizers
are titled after text structures.
Cause and Effect
Cause
Effect
Writing to Read
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Evidence of skill understanding should match
its highest…
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Depth of Knowledge (DOK)
Assessment
Matches Depth
of Knowledge
Comprehension Skills have a Depth of
Knowledge following text structures.
Common Genre Structures and Patterns of Text
Informational Text Structures
Cause and Effect
Sequence
Compare and Contrast
Description
Problem and Solution
2 Skills and Concepts
Application
I am asking students to solve problems for
new situations by applying learned
knowledge, facts or rules in a different way.
Learning about the structure of stories provides readers with a schema they can use when reading or
listening to a new story or writing a story on their own.
~ Akimi Gibson
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How do the 5 Steps
work together?
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5 Steps to Bringing It All Together!
2
Support
the Genre
5
Assessment
Matches
Depth of
Knowledge
3
Parallel
the Text
Structure
1.
CCSS
Standard
4
Connect
Reading to
Writing
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Bringing It All Together
1. Select your CCSS Reading Standard.
1.
CCSS
Standard
RL.3.2
Recount stories, including fables, folktales,
and myths from diverse cultures;
determine the central message, lesson, or
moral and explain how it is conveyed
through key details in the text.
2. Select the genre.
2
Support
the Genre
3
Parallel
the Text
Structure
RL.3.2
Recount stories, including fables,
folktales, and myths from diverse
cultures…..
Fable
3. Select the genre’s text
structure.
Cause and Effect
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Bringing It All Together [cont…]
4. Select a graphic organizer.
4
Connect
Reading to
Writing
5
Assessment
Matches
Depth of
Knowledge
Cause and Effect
Cause
Effect
5. Select an assessment to match the DOK.
Webb’s Depth of Knowledge 2 - Skills and Concepts
Application
I am asking students to solve problems for new situations
by applying learned knowledge, facts or rules in a different
way.
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Selecting a Comprehension Skill - is dependent on the
genre’s text structure.
Which box is the “comprehension skill?”
2. Genre Fable
3. Structure Cause and Effect
RL.3.2
Recount stories, including
fables, folktales, and myths
from diverse cultures;
determine the central
message, lesson, or moral and
explain how it is conveyed
through key details in the text
4. Graphic Organizer
Cause and Effect Chart
5. DOK Assessment
2 - Application
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Instructional Comprehension Skill Planning Tool.
Genre ________________
Structure ________________
Standard: _______
Graphic Organizer
________________
DOK Assessment
_____________________
Use the following resource pages to complete this graph.
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Resources - to help select comprehension skills.
1.
CCSS
Standard
Instruction of comprehension skills
begins with knowing the Common
Core State Standards.
CCSS require students to read complex texts, about them,
write about them, discuss them, analyze them, and make
connections between them. Comprehension skills are the
link to constructing meaning of text.
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Know text structures. Text structures parallel
2
Support
the Genre
comprehension skills and language functions.
Matching Reading Genre to Text Structure
Text Structures
Cause and Effect
Cause/effect-The author
delineates one or more
causes and then describes
the ensuing effects.
Sequence
The author uses numerical
or chronological order to list
items or events.
Possible Reading Genres
Sophisticated
Narratives
Realistic Fiction
Informational Text
Event Building Stories
Fictional
Narratives
Memoirs
Autobiographical
Fairy Tales
Folk Tales
Story Series
Historical Events
Fantasy
Fables
Myths
Science Fiction
Realistic Fiction
Oral Histories
Compare and Contras Historic Non-Fiction & Fiction
The author compares and
Science Non-Fiction
contrasts two or more
Social Studies Non-Fiction
similar events, topics, or
objects.
Description
The author describes a
topic.
Informational Texts and Books
Riddle Books
Poems
Prose
Problem and Solution Realistic Fiction
The author poses a problem
Informational
or question and then gives
Writing
the answer.
Arguments
Scientific Reports
and Research
Some Folk Tales
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3
Parallel the
Text
Structure
Know the Sub-Groups of the common text
structures. These are your comprehension skill
parallels!
Text Structures as Comprehension Skills
Text Structures as….. Comprehension Skills
Cause and
Effect
Cause and Effect Sub-Categories
Sequence
Sequence Sub-Categories
Predicting Outcomes
Prediction
Inference
Main Idea and Details
Note Taking
Following Directions
Drawing Conclusions
Story Structure
Text Organization
Summarizing
Compare and
Contrast
Compare and Contrast Sub-Categories
Description
Description Sub-Categories
Fantasy and Realism
Fact and Opinion
Analyzing
Generalizations
Categorize
Classify
Problem and
Solution
Reports Arranged by
Categories
Problem and Solution Sub-Categories
Evaluating
Propaganda
Making Judgments
Author’s Purpose
Interpretation
Hypothesis *
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4
Connect
Reading to
Writing
Know which Graphic Organizers - signify
specific text structures. These are your
instructional formats to teach comprehension
skills.
Graphic Organizers Guide Comprehension Skill Instruction
Text Structures
Graphic Organizers
Cause and Effect
•Prediction
•Inferences
•Conclusions
Wheel
Chain Process
Cause = Effect
Fishbone
Goal-Reasons Web
Process-Cause-Effect
Sequence
•Main idea and details
•Note taking
•Following directions
•Story structure
•Text organization
•Summarizing
Timeline
Flow Chart
Event Diagrams
Y-Chart
Ladder Graph
Garden Gate
Story Maps
Star Chart
Cycle Diagram
E-Chart
Tree Chart
Sandwich Chart
Tic-Tac-Toe
Sequence Chart
Compare and Contrast
•Fact and opinion
•fantasy and realism
•Analyzing*
Venn Diagram
T-Chart
Compare/Contrast Matrix
Fact and Opinion Chart
Comparison Chart
Perspectives Chart
Double Bubble
Description
•Generalizations
•Categorize/classify
•Arranging
ISP Chart (information sources - page)
Observation Chart
Sense Chart
KWS Chart
Classification Chart
Problem and Solution
•Propaganda
•Evaluating
•Judgments
•Author’s purpose
•Interpretation
•Hypothesis
Spiral Effects
Decision Making Diagram
Problem-Solution Chart
Persuasion Map
Ranking Charts
If-Then Charts
Synectics Organizers
Scientific Method Charts
Decision Making Graphic
Historical Investigation
Invention Graphic
Problem Solving
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5
Skill Matches
Depth of
Knowledge
Assess comprehension skills at the
standard’s Depth of Knowledge.
Depth of Knowledge & Bloom’s
1 Recall and Reproduction
Knowledge
Comprehension
I am asking students to
remember previously learned
material by recalling facts, terms,
concepts or answers.
I am asking students to show
me understanding by
organizing, comparing, giving
descriptions and stating a
main idea.
2 Skills and Concepts
Application
I am asking students to solve problems for new situations by
applying learned knowledge, facts or rules in a different way.
3 Short‐term Strategic Thinking
Analysis
Evaluation
I am asking students to
examine and break apart
information into parts by
looking at motives, causes and
relationships.
I am asking students to present
and defend an opinion or make
a judgment based on a set of
criteria
4 Extended Thinking
Synthesis
I am asking students to put information together in a different
way by combining elements in a new pattern or proposing a
different solution.
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Depth of Knowledge Chart K - 12
Literary DOKs K
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9-10 11-12
Standard 1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
Standard 2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
Standard 3
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
Standard 4
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
Standard 5
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
4
3
3
Standard 6
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Standard 7
2
1
2
2
3
2
2
3
4
4
4
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Standard 8 n/a n/a
Standard 9
Standard 10
3
3
Read and comprehend complex literary and informational texts independently and proficiently.
Informational
K
DOKs
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9-10 11-12
Standard 1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Standard 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
2
3
4
Standard 3
3
3
3
2
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
Standard 4
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
Standard 5
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
Standard 6
2
2
2
3
4
4
3
4
3
3
3
Standard 7
2
2
2
2
3
2
4
4
3
3
4
Standard 8
3
3
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
4
Standard 9
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Standard 10
Read and comprehend complex literary and informational texts independently and proficiently.
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Summary
Did we achieve…
• how to recognize Comprehension Skills, as integrated
components of Text Structures?
Is it clear why…
• comprehension skills are not isolated from text
structures?
• understanding text structures prepare students to
become writers?
CELEBRATE!
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