Transcript Stalin - Cloudfront.net

The Soviet Union
Under Stalin
Today’s Standard
10.7 Students analyze the rise of
totalitarian governments after World
War I.
Essential Questin
Explain the rise of Stalin and compare and
contrast Stalin's Communist Russia to
Hitler and Mussolini’s Fascist nations.
Stalin Becomes Dictator
After Lenin dies (1924),
Trotsky & Stalin compete
for power
1928: Stalin has total
command
of Communist Party
Focus on Russian
development
Communism Under Stalin
 Karl Mark Communism =
no central government
•Stalin communism =
Totalitarian government
•Totalitarianism = total
control over every aspect of
public & private life
•Seems secure & stable,
but no freedom
The Cult of Stalin
 Russian religious tradition: worship of the saints and
veneration of the Tsar were common practices…
 Stalin intensified this tradition, leading to the “cult of
personality” – the deliberate fixation on an all
powerful leader, whose personality exemplified the
challenge of extraordinary times.
 Mandated & expanded education at all levels
 Promoted educational opportunities for women
 Censored all forms of creative thinking and
expression
 Replaced religious teachings with Communist
ideals
The Cult of Personality
Economy Under Stalin
 Command Economy = Gov’t.
controlled
5 Year Plan
 rapid industrialization &
strengthening of national defense
 Increase output of steel, coal,
oil, etc. by limiting production
of consumer goods
 Improving transportation
 Increasing farm out-put
 Jobs, workers, & hours decided by
gov’t
Soviet Postcard of Worker Holding FiveYear Plan Postcard states that "with
honor, we will fulfill and fulfill again
Stalin's new Five Year Plan".
 Secret police (Cheka) enforced
with imprisonment or execution
“Industrialism is the Path to
Socialism” As this 1928 poster
proclaims, Stalin’s government saw
rapid industrialization as the key to
the success of the Soviet Union.
The development of transport
is one of the most important
tasks for the implementation
of the five year plan.
Results of 5 Year Plan
 1928-1939 huge growth
in industry
 Working men and women
had little to show
 Standard of living
remained low
 Low quality goods
 Wages were low and
workers were not
allowed to strike
a woman and her son search for food during
the famine. Describe the effect of Stalin’s
ruthless policies on the production of oats,
wheat, and potatoes.
Agricultural Revolution
 Creation of Collective Farms:
 Government-owned
 Produce food for the State
 People resisted collectivization by
killing farm animals, destroying
tools and burning croups
 Kulaks = wealthy peasants;
thousands executed or sent to
camps
 Resistance continued
10
million died due to famine; millions
'We will keep out Kulaks frommore sent to Siberia
the Collective farms' - 1930.
Weapons of Totalitarianism
 Police Terror
 Gulags – brutal labor
camps
 Secret police
 Propaganda
 Indoctrination
 teaching someone to
accept a set of beliefs
without questioning them.
 Censorship
 Religious Persecution
 pogroms
Gulags
Entering Gulag (a leaf fromEufrosinia
Kersnovskava’s notebook)
The Great Purge 1934 – 1939
Portrait of Lev Borisovich Kamenev Lev
Borisovich Kamenev (1883-1936)
became a Communist revolutionary at a
young age and rose through the ranks
to become a prominent member of the
Politburo in Russia. He was executed on
Stalin's orders in the Great Purge.
 Targets of Purge included
 Early Bolshevik revolutionaries
 Military heroes
 Anyone who became a threat
 At least 4 million people
executed
 Results
 Increased Stalin's Power
 Hurt the government because
so many important people were
executed.
Propaganda
Stalin propaganda poster, reading: "Beloved
Stalin—good fortune of the people!"
>Propaganda: biased or incomplete info used to
sway people beliefs or actions
 Stalin sought to control the hearts and minds
of Soviet citizens
 Censored opposing ideas, made himself a
godlike figure
 Bombarded radios, loudspeakers, movies,
theaters, schools, billboards, posters,
newspapers w/ communist propaganda
Soviet Propaganda Posters
The Giants of the Five Year Plan
“The results of the Five Year Plan
show that the working class is not
only capable of destroying the old,
but also of building the new”
Long Live the Great Stalin!!
Censorship and the Arts
 Gov’t controlled what books
were published, what music
was heard, and which works
of Art were displayed.
 Stalin encouraged:
 Russification- making the
cultures of nonRussians
more Russian
 Atheism- belief that there
is no God
 Socialist Realism- Show
Soviet ArtIn this Socialist Realist
sculpture, a factory worker and a
soviet life in a positive
collective farmer raise the hammer and
sickle together.
light
Benefits and Drawbacks
 Did not create a society of
equals as promised
 head of society were the
members of the Soviet party
 All Children attended free
communist schools
 State provided free medical
care, day care, inexpensive
housing, public recreation
 Housing was scarce, meat ,
fruit and other foods were
hard to get
Women
 Won equal rights
 Did same job as
men
 More educational
opportunities
 Also expected to
produce
offspring for
future obedient
This woman is one of the workers
citizens
charged with the job of constructing a
giant tractor plant in Byelorussia as part
of Stalin's new "Five Year Plan".