Transcript Women on the Home front African Americans on the

Marvelous Monday, Nov. 13, 2014
• Turn in your notebook
• Take your seat
• Take out your Notebook
Warm-Up
Create the following chart and take down detailed
facts from the video
Women on the Home front
African Americans on the
Home front
Today’s Agenda
• Video Clip / Discussions
• FN: “The Home front”
• Homework:
• Women’s Portrait
• Study Guide Ques. 11-15
The Home Front
Standard 11.4.5
EQ: How did the war affect Americans at home?
America Mobilizes for War
Selective Service
• there were only 98,000 men in
the US army in 1914
• the US used conscription (the
draft) to raise an army after
April 1917
• 3 million immediately enlisted
• 24 million registered for the draft
• many Americans opposed the
war
• women, Quakers, and socialists
• they blamed the greed of big
business for our involvement
Wilson said the US
“must make the
world safe for
democracy”
America Mobilizes for War
• War Industries Board (Bernard
Baruch)
• encouraged companies to
increase efficiency and eliminate
waste by adopting mass
production
• American businesses resisted
government control
• set prices, standardized
production, and rationed
resources
• coal, gasoline, heating oil
• the government took control of
the railroads
• introduced daylight-savings time
America Mobilizes for War
• Food Administration
(Herbert Hoover)
• worked to cut down on
consumption
• meatless Tuesdays
• wheatless Wednesdays
• also sweetless and porkless
• “victory gardens” increased
food production
• agricultural output rose by
25%
• increased food exports to
our allies
• food exports rose 300%
America Mobilizes for War
• Committee on Public
Information (George Creel)
• the nation’s artists and
advertising people used
propaganda to promote war
• 75,000 four-minute men made
patriotic speeches
• paintings, posters, cartoons,
and sculptures promoting the
war
• “Kill the Kaiser”
• “Over There” became the anthem
of the war
Opposition and Its Consequences
• Espionage and Sedition
Acts, 1917
• illegal to interfere with
the draft, or saying
anything disloyal,
profane, or abusive
about the government or
the war effort
• the laws clearly violated
the spirit of the First
Amendment to the
Constitution
• the law targeted socialists
and labor leaders (Eugene
V. Debs)
• $10,000 fine and 20
years in jail
Opposition and Its Consequences
• Anti-Foreign Hysteria
• anti-immigrant hysteria focused on
Germans
• people with German sounding names
lost their jobs
• Germans were interred in detainee
camps
• German words were not used
• kindergarten (pre-school), hamburger
(victory steak), frankfurter (hot dog),
sauerkraut (liberty cabbage)
• Prohibition was passed
• Schenck vs. United States, 1917
• Schenck was arrested for suggesting
that people dodge the draft
• the court upheld the Sedition Act
saying that sometimes speech is “a
clear and present danger”
• “You can’t yell fire in a theater”
The American Homefront
• National War Labor Board
• dealt with disputes between
labor and management (work
or fight)
• pushed for the 8 hour work day
• factory safety inspections
• pressured manufacturers to
eliminate child labor
• unions agreed to not strike
during the war
The War Changes American Society
• Women in the Workforce
• women began to fill
unfamiliar social roles
• they took jobs usually held
by men
• they volunteered for the
Red Cross
• women received the right
to vote in 1920
The War Changes American Society
• The Great Migration, 1916
• the large-scale movement of
hundreds of thousands of Southern
blacks to cities in the North
• many went to find employment in the
big cities like New York, Chicago, and
Detroit
• fewer white workers meant more jobs
were available
• to escape racial discrimination
• Between 1916 and 1940 more than a
million African Americans moved to
the North
• African-Americans were split on how
to respond to the war effort
• Du Bois said blacks should support
the war because it would lead to calls
for racial justice
• Trotter said blacks should not support
a racist government period
The War Changes American Society
• Mexican Immigration
• thousands of Hispanics
moved to the US to take
the place of white
soldiers fighting in the
war
The War Changes American Society
• The Spanish Flu
Epidemic, 1918
• one in four Americans got
sick
• public places were closed
and people wore masks
when they did go out
• 500,000 Americans died
• more than died in the war
• effect on the economy
was devastating