Transcript File - Mr. Marwitz`s World History

CHAPTER 33
The Great War:
The World in Upheaval
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JOHN GREEN EXPLAINS:
UKRAINE
“I can see Russia from my house,” said Sarah Palin.
“We can see Russia from our house too,” said all of Ukraine.
Get it? You know, because Russia is kind of invading Ukraine
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A2nklduvThs&feature=youtube_gdata_player&app=desktop
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CAUSES OF WWI
Before we begin discussing WWI, I want
to see what you already know. On the
chart paper provided, list ALL of the
causes of The Great War (short term,
long term, conspiracy theories, etc…)
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DISCUSSION
• What causes did you
all have in common?
• Did anybody have a
cause that you
disagreed with?
• What was the MOST
IMPORTANT cause of
WWI? Why?
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IMMEDIATE ORIGINS OF WORLD
WAR I
• June 28, 1914, assassination of Archduke Francis
Ferdinand (1863-1914)
• Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina
• Occupied by Austro-Hungarian empire 1878, annexed 1908
• Ferdinand in favor of greater Serbian autonomy
• Not enough for Serbian extremists
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GAVRILO PRINCIP
• Bosnian Serb (1894-1918)
• One of seven assassins
• First balked, second bungled, attempted suicide
• Princip shot Ferdinand and expectant wife Sophie as
couple went to hospital to visit victims
• Princip swallows ineffective cyanide; captured by mob
and tortured
• Too young to be executed, sentenced to 20 years in
prison, dies of tuberculosis
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©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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CAUSES OF
CONFLICTS…WARS
“For in every adult there dwells the child that was, and
in every child there lies the adult that will be.”
John Connolly
CHILDREN PRACTICING TO BE
ADULTS
FIRST CAUSE OF WAR: “GIVE ME
YOUR LUNCH MONEY!”
• One kid wants what another
kid has.
• Adults do this as well, its
called…
IMPERIALISM
• A policy of extending a country’s
power and influence through
diplomatic and military force.
• Roman Empire
• Spanish Empire
• British Empire
• Scramble for Africa
• Mandates (post WW 1 and 2)
SECOND CAUSE: “YOU’RE
STUPID…YOUR MOM IS UGLY….YOUR
BROTHER IS…”
• Kids making fun of other kids
because of
• Race
• Religion
• Social Economic Differences
• Doesn’t matter if it is true or
not.
• Can also take the form of
“I’m better than you because
you are…”
• Adults call it…
NATIONALISM
• Patriotic feeling, principles,
or efforts.
• Not necessarily bad within
moderation, but it can
escalate into a driving force
to push one peoples against
another.
THIRD CAUSE: “ME AND MY FRIENDS
CAN BEAT UP YOU AND YOUR
FRIENDS!”
• It is a lot easier to go after
someone when you have
friends to back you up.
• When adults do this they
make….
ALLIANCES
• A union or association
formed for mutual benefit,
esp. between countries or
organizations.
• This may be an alliance to
• Trade
• Protect/Defend
• Exclude
FOURTH CAUSE: “I HAVE A
STICK….AND NOW I AM GOING TO USE
IT.”
• The first person to make a
fist and use it…then throw a
rock…find a stick…so and so
on.
• Adults call this…
* Do you get it…stick figures using
sticks to fight…now that is irony.
MILITARISM
• The belief or desire of a
government or people that a
country should maintain a
strong military capability
and be prepared to use it
aggressively to defend or
promote national interests.
OUTCOME OF PRINCIP’S
BULLET
• First conflict of global proportions
• Conservative estimates of 15 million dead
(5 million non-combatants), 20 million injured
• End of four empires, rise of nine new countries
• Massive global economic dislocations
• End of Europe’s domination of globe
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LARGER CAUSES OF WORLD
WAR I
• Culmination of competing nationalisms
•
Especially in south, eastern Europe
• Rivalry among empires
•
Especially between Britain and Germany
• Inflexible diplomatic alliances
•
Germany, France, England, Russia
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COMPETING NATIONALISMS
• Inevitable outcome of French revolution
• Self-determination and independence movements
• Belgium, 1830
• Unification of Italy, 1861
• Unification of Germany, 1871
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NATIONALISM IN MULTINATIONAL EMPIRES
• Austro-Hungarian empire
• South Slavs
• Russian empire
• Poles, Ukrainians, Baltic states
• Ottoman empire
• Greeks, Serbians, Romanians, and Bulgarians
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RIVALRY AMONG EMPIRES
• Dominance of British empire declining
• 1870, 32% of world industrial output (Germany 13%)
• Drops to 14% by 1914
• Imperial competition
• Germany latecomer, but aggressive
• Small-scale disputes around the globe, especially in Balkans
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NAVAL COMPETITION
• Arms race between
United Kingdom and
Germany to control
seas
• Decisive for control of
trade routes in case of
war
• Construction of
dreadnoughts
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ROLE OF PUBLIC OPINION
• Beginning of media age
• Availability of cheap newspapers
• Little accountability
• Awkward pressure on politicians
• Sacrifice diplomatic expediency for public support
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INFLEXIBLE DIPLOMATIC
ALLIANCES
• Agreements of mutual defense
• Chain reaction for global war
• Triple Alliance
• Germany and Austro-Hungarians (1879), joined by Italians 1882
• Triple Entente
• Russia, France, and the United Kingdom
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CONCERNS OF THE ENTENTE
• Cultural similarities of Germany, Austro-Hungary
• Worries over two-front war
• Worries over English domination of the sea
• Worries over possibility of French attack, Russian interference
over Austrian Balkan policies
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CONCERNS OF THE ALLIANCE
• Russia worried about strong German-Austro-Hungarian
alliance
• United Kingdom concerned with maintaining balance of power
• France worried about hostilities with Germany
• Military pact signed, summer 1914
• Reciprocal treaty obligations
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MUTUALLY THREATENING WAR PLANS
• French “Plan XVII”
• Heavy emphasis on
rapid offensives
• German Schlieffen plan
• Fear of encirclement
• France to be defeated
swiftly, then attention
turned to Russia
• Conditional on mobilization of enemy
forces
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THE CHAIN REACTION
23 July, Austrians issue ultimatum to Serbs
28 July, Austrians declare war
29 July, Russia mobilizes to defend Serbia
31 July, Germany issues ultimatums to Russia,
France
• 1 August, Germany declares war on Russia;
France mobilizes
• 3 August, Germans declare war on France,
invade Belgium
• 4 August, Britain comes to defense of Belgium
•
•
•
•
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WAR OF ATTRITION
• West: three years of stalemate
• Trenches from English channel to Switzerland
• East: more movement, treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918
places much in Entente control
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NEW MILITARY TECHNOLOGY
• Barbed wire, machine
gun
• Gas
• First used by
German troops,
1915
• Mustard gas:
800,000 casualties
• Tanks
• Initially effective,
but ground quickly
lost to
counterattacks
• Airplanes
• Limited bombing,
strafing, used
primarily for
reconnaissance
• Dirigibles
• Submarines
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The Zeppelin - Dhirajibles
British Tank at Ypres
Flame
Throwers
Grenade
Launchers
OTHER FRONTS
A. Submarines
DID YOU READ THE REST OF
THE CHAPTER AS ASSIGNED?
If your answer is no….answer this question…
Did you already take World History?
No? Uh oh….you might miss one or two questions on the
quiz today! 
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Three Reasons for Expansion
1. European governments took their problems to their colonies
2. Europeans needed extra bodies to fill their ranks
3. Japan, US, Ottomans had little to do with Sarajevo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3UjJ5kxiLI&feature=youtu.be
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BRUTALITY OF NEW WARFARE
• Unprecedented casualties
• Verdun, 1916
• 315,000 French killed
• 280,000 German casualties
• Less than 160,000 bodies recovered
• The Somme, British gain few thousand yards
• 420,000 casualties
• No significant strategic advantage
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THE GREAT WAR IN EUROPE AND
SOUTHWEST ASIA, 1914-1918
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TOTAL WAR: THE HOME FRONT
• Implications of modern industrial war: concept
of a “home front”
• Government takes command of economies
• Women in the workforce
• TNT poisoning: yellow skin, orange hair
• Bombing of civilian areas by zeppelins
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WAR PROPAGANDA
• Maintenance of public support for war
• Untruths
• Irony: Disbelief of WWI propaganda makes belief in
WWII atrocities more difficult
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WORLD WAR I PROPAGANDA - BRITISH
AMERICAN PROPAGANDA
Australian Poster
American Poster
Financing the War
German Poster
Think of Your Children!
GLOBAL INVOLVEMENT
• Germs were more deadly than Germans!
• Importation of troops from colonies
• United Kingdom: Australia, New Zealand, Canada
• Gallipoli
• What was the result? What did this lead to?
• Japanese designs on China with distraction of European
powers
• Twenty-one secret demands
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COLLAPSE OF THE RUSSIAN
EMPIRE
• Russia: March Revolution, 1917
• Germany smuggles Lenin into provisional government in
Russia
• November Revolution, creation of the USSR
• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk cedes Poland, Baltic countries, Ukraine
to Central Powers
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U.S. ENTERS THE WAR
• U.S. and the war economy
• Sale of goods to the Allies
• Debts to American banks
• U.S. neutrality a mirage
• German blockade of British overseas trade
• Submarine patrols
• Sinking of Lusitania, May 7, 1915
• 1,198 lives lost (128 U.S.)
• Carried munitions
• U.S. declares war April 1917
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US ENTERS THE WAR
How long can we remain neutral?
– United States opposed German
tactics, but physically did nothing.
1916 Election – Wilson wins
reelection under the platform that
he “Kept us out of War”
Zimmermann note – Germany
promises U.S. land to Mexico if
they would join the German cause
US declares war on April 6th, 1917
PRIMARY DOCUMENTS: OUR WINDOWS
TO THE PAST
•What are your initial observations about the
telegram that was sent from German
Secretary Zimmerman to the Mexican
government?
•How was the telegram sent? Can you make
any suggestions as to how the telegram was
intercepted or decoded?
Class Discussion Questions
•Locate the territory offered by the
Germans to the Mexicans, and
calculate how much the territory
offered to Mexico would increase the
size of that country.
•What geographical advantages would
the Germans gain by Mexican entry
into the war? What was the role of
Japan?
•What events in 1916 and 1917
contributed to the impact the
Zimmermann telegram would have on
the American public?
•Would the United States have
remained neutral if the Zimmermann
telegram had not been revealed?
MEXICO AND LANDS THAT GERMANY WAS
OFFERING
DEFEAT OF THE CENTRAL
POWERS
• Fall of 1918, exhaustion of Central Powers troops
• Bulgaria, Ottomans, Austro-Hungarians, Germans surrender
• Armistice: November 11, 1918
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THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE
• Dominated by France, Great Britain, and the United States
• No Central Powers representation
• A dictated peace
• Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points
• Peace treaties harsh on Central Powers
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TERRITORIAL CHANGES IN EUROPE
AFTER THE GREAT WAR
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THE END OF THE OTTOMAN
EMPIRE
• Treaty of Sèvres (1920) removes Balkan and Arab provinces,
allows for European occupation of south and east Anatolia
• Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) leads uprising against sultanate,
creates Republic of Turkey
• Allies recognize republic in Treaty of Lausanne (1923)
• Intensely secular government, women’s rights
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TERRITORIAL CHANGES IN SOUTHWEST
ASIA AFTER THE GREAT WAR
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THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
• League of Nations created by diplomats in Paris
• 42 original member-states, 26 non-European
• Application of Wilson’s concept of “self-determination”
• Mandate system created to control formerly colonized areas
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©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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CCOT
Analyze the changes and continuities in
religious beliefs and practices in Latin America
from 1492 to the present.
Write a few Changes and Continuities down on
your paper for our discussion.
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Changes:
Local indigenous religions to Catholicism
Polytheism - Monotheism
Ending human sacrifice (Aztecs)
Introduction of other world religions
(Protestantism, Buddhism, Islam)
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Continuities:
Lots of rituals (prayer, worship, etc…)
Indigenous religions beliefs still exist
Holidays, festivals, celebrations
Religion is/was very important part of everyday life
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- cartoon summary
WWI as BART FIGHT!!
History of music/dance discussion
Writing on the CCOT prompt from prezi!!
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