Transcript 8th Grade Power Vocabulary

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8
Grade Power Vocabulary
• List will be updated with words
as they are covered in class
• Students are expected to keep
an updated list of the words in a
sheet protector in the history
section of their team binder.
• Quizzes will be given roughly
every two weeks on these words!!!
• A law that enforced Segregation in the
Southern States
Amendment ratified on January 31st, 1865
– Officially banned slavery in the United
States
• Equal rights amendment; said
that ALL people born or
naturalized within the United
States (except for NATIVE
AMERICANS) were citizens
• Also guaranteed the citizens
‘equal protection of the laws.’
*ratified July, 9th 1868
Gave African-American MEN the right to
vote, went into effect in 1870
1896 Supreme Court case that
determined that “separate but equal”
facilities are allowed. Basically made
segregation LEGAL Facts about the case…
•7 of the 9 Supreme Court Justices
voted in favor of this ruling…
•The case was overturned with
Brown v. Board of Education in
1954
•The case originally was about
Homer Plessy, a man who was
kicked off on an all-white train car
despite having a ticket
Promontory
Point, Utah
The location where the
Central and Union
railroad companies
connected to for the
Transcontinental
Railroad
Little Big Horn
• AKA: Custer’s Last Stand
• Sioux Indians led by Crazy Horse and
Sitting Bull defeated General Custer and
his entire command. Custer’s horse
Comanche, was the only survivor.
Horizontal/ Vertical Integration
Horizontal integration is when you buy the other
COMPANIES you compete with
Vertical
integration is
when you buy
companies that
produce the
GOODS for the
final product
Monopoly
When a company has no competition and the
result is domination of a market (Robber Baron
trusts in the 1800’s achieved this)
Philanthropy
Charitable acts or gifts of money to benefit
a community. An example being libraries
or community centers for kids.
Cool Ellis Island Facts:
-was originally called “oyster
Island”
-Island doubled in size due to
land fill from the subway
tunnels being built in
Manhattan
-During World War I,
Ellis Island was a hospital
From Ellis Island, you would be able to see
the Statue of Liberty. This is the inscription
on the statue:
Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled
masses yearning to breathe free, The
wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed
to me. I lift my lamp beside the golden door.
Center that processed
close to 11 million
immigrants from Europe
between the years of
1892 and 1954
Journalists who “raked up,” or exposed, corruption in
society during the late 1800’s and the early 1900’s
Two important muckrakers were…
• Upton Sinclair, whose book The
Jungle exposed the unsanitary
aspects of the meatpacking industry in
Chicago
• Jacob Riis, who showed how the
working class lived and worked in New
York City through his book How the
Other Half Lives.
People who fought
for the right to vote,
for women during the
late 1800’s and early
1900’s
Prohibition Facts
• Reformers reached their
goal with the passing of the
18th amendment in 1920,
which banned the sale,
manufacture, and
transportation of alcohol
• Women were the leaders
pushing for Prohibition,
WHY WOULD THAT
BE????
The legal ban of the manufacture, sale,
transportation, and consumption of alcohol.
Progressive reformers of the late 18th century
pushed for prohibition
*One of the most
famous progressive
reformers was the
Danish Photographer
Jacob Riis, whose
pictures of immigrant
life in New York City
helped to bring about
change
Movement to improve social and political
problems in the late 1800’s. Progressive
means to change or improve…
*Isolationism
Mind your
own
business
A national policy of non-involvement in
world affairs.
We will mind our own business!!
Don’t get involved in Europe’s
fights
How America acted
towards Europe before
entering WWI & after
*Propaganda
Ideas or information designed
and spread to influence opinion.
“Make my side look
good . . And your side
look bad!!!”
TREATY OF
VERSAILLES
GERMANY MUST PAY!!
Have No Army!
&
Take Total
Responsibility!
Treaty that ended
World War I,
punishing Germany
and made them pay
reparations.
Can’t we all be Friends
-President Wilson
Versailles was
the grand
palace of the
old French
Kings where the
treaty was
created without
German input
Imperialism
Stronger nations bullying or
picking on smaller nations
Women who cut their hair short & wore
makeup & short dresses challenging ideas
of how women were supposed to behave
during the 1920’s
One CRAZY thing
flappers did was
DRIVE
AUTOMOBILES…
WOW!!!
Movement of African-Americans out of the South
and to Factories in Northern cities that occurred
during World War I and the 1920’s
African-Americans still
faced racism up
north…
Louis Armstrong
Bessie Smith
Name for the 1920’s that
describes the popularity of Jazz
music
Trial of a Tennessee
high school science
teacher (John
Scopes) who was
accused of teaching
evolution
Scopes was found GUILTY and fined $100!!!!
Eventually the State Supreme Court
overturned the decision but the debate was
on!!!
Cartoon of the Prosecutor,
William Jennings Bryan
Time period from roughly 1929 to 1942 when the United
States went through a huge economic downturn, or
depression.
Eleanor Roosevelt
• an American political leader who used her
influence as an active First Lady from
1933 to 1945 to promote the New Deal
policies of her husband, President Franklin
D. Roosevelt.
Name given to Franklin Roosevelt’s plans to fix the Great
Depression, Consisted of three goals: relief, recovery, and
reform.
October 29th, 1929: The day the stock market crashed,
which many state officially started the Great Depression.
Prior to the stock market crashing,
there were already warnings signs of
this to come, including banks closing
and both farmers and factories
overproducing.
Causes of the Dust Bowl included:
overproduction, ripping up the native
grasses, and new technology.
Severe drought that hit the Great Plains during the 1930’s.
*United Nations
International group
created to help settle
conflicts between
nations after World
War II.
The United Nations
replaced the League of
Nations… a similar group
the United States never
joined.
Capitalism
Economic system where people can own
their own business
Rosie the Riveter
American propaganda Character that showed that
women were strong enough to work in factories at
home to help the war effort.
Location of the Japanese attack that
brought the U.S. into WWII on
December 7, 1941
Japanese Internment Camps
Remote camps where
Japanese-Americans were
forced to go leaving businesses,
homes and property. Racist
thoughts believed Japanese-Am.
would help the Japanese during
the war.
The famous WWII invasion of
NAZI-held France. Also
known as the Battle of
Normandy, June 6, 1944.
Manhattan
Project
Secret project during WWII
to build a NUCLEAR
BOMB. Working in secret
cities, scientist created 3
bombs by the end of WWII.
Two were dropped on
Japan.
Lead scientist Dr. Robert Oppenheimer
System of government where the
government controls everything from
the economy to totalitarian political
control. Cannot own a business
System of government with a
totalitarian political control using
twisted history and racism with
capitalistic economy.
HOLOCAUST-
The mass killings of
European Jews and others
by the Nazis during World
War II.
Jewish prisoners
were identified by
numbers which
the NAZIS
tattooed on their
arms.
ANTI-SEMITISM
Hostility toward or prejudice against
Jews or Judaism. Used by Hitler in
Germany to blame the Jewish people for
Germany’s problem.
Holocaust locations that were designed to
kill people through work and held Jews,
Gypsies and political opponents of NAZI
Germany.
Militarism &
Nationalism
NAZI
National Socialist German
Worker’s Party:
Fascist political party led by Adolf
Hitler that took over Germany in
the 1930’s.
BIG 3 & Yalta Conference
Churchill:
I want to save
British Power &
Colonies
Stalin: More
Land
For
Communism!!
Roosevelt: Can’t
we all just get
along
The Big Three:
Roosevelt -US, Churchill-Britain,
Stalin-Soviet Union
Yalta was a meeting of the Big 3 to
decide how to govern Europe after
Germany & Japan were defeated
The competition between the United States
and the Soviet Union to explore space.
Joseph McCarthy’s method of accusing
people of being Communists without any
proof.
A “contest” where the United States and the
Soviet Union rushed to build more nuclear
weapons than the other.
A barrier of concrete and barbed wire that
passed through Berlin, separating West Berlin
from Communist East Berlin.
Global competition from 1949-1989 between the
Super Powers of the United States (Democratic
Capitalism)& the Soviet Union (Totalitarian
Communism).
Space Race/ NATO & Warsaw Pact / Arms Race /
Olympics
Inspired by Gandhi, this man led the nonviolent, peaceful Civil Rights Movement (by
using civil disobedience) until he was
assassinated.
1960’s and 70’s African American
movement that focused on self-pride and
self reliance. Symbolized by the Black
Panthers and Nation of Islam.
Intentionally breaking laws seen as unjust
and accepting the punishment as a nonviolent sign of protest. Used by leaders of
the peaceful Civil Rights Movement.
Law passed to guarantee equal rights for
ALL Americans against segregation in
response to brutality seen against
peaceful protesters.
1954 Supreme Court case that overturned
‘Separate but Equal’ Segregation laws,
specifically laws segregating schools.
-Fought by the NAACP, with Thurgood Marshall the main
lawyer later becoming the 1st Af-Am. Sup. Court Justice