Transcript WWI ppt - kyle

World War I
Social Studies 9
Ms. Rebecca
Quiz!
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1. What was Gandhi’s main goal for India?
2. What was Gandhi’s main goal for South
Africa?
3. What is one example of how Indians were
being treated unfairly by the British?
4. What types of methods did Gandhi support to
try to get change in India?
5. Give 2 examples of something Gandhi did to
try to help the people of India to have better
lives? Include as much detail as possible.
Gandhi and civil rights

Civil rights: the equal rights that every person has in a society
regardless of race, religion, language, culture, and
background.
Example:
 The right to
 The right to
 The right to
 The right to
 The right to
 The right to
 The right to
 The right to
country
Etc.

not be bullied
practice any religion you want
be able to have a nice home
speak in public about what you want to
meet with your friends and talk about what you want.
go to school
do whatever job you want to do
vote for and make decisions in government of your own
What civil rights did Indians NOT
have under British rule?
No freedom of speech
 No freedom from bullying/attack
 No freedom to meet in public
 No freedom to vote for your own
government.

How did Gandhi help to get more
civil rights for Indians?
Non-Violence!
 Salt March
 Burning identification passes in South
Africa
 Burning British made clothes
 Boycotting all foreign goods
 Having a national day of prayer and
fasting where no work was done for the
British empire………….

Why is Gandhi important to know
about?

He has inspired
people all over the
world to fight for their
own civil rights to
make this planet a
better place to live in
for all different types
of people.
http://womenofcaliber.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/human-rights-every-human-has-rights
Example: Civil Rights In America

African Americans
History: How did they get to
America?
http://www.gilderlehrman.org/collection/online/wilberforce/images/01_slide.jpg
Brought from Africa
http://afrocityblog.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/slave-ship-2.jpg
Treatment as slaves
After Slavery ended….
http://proliberty.com/observer//emancip.jpg
Racism continues
http://blueollie.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/lynching.jpg
Segregation
historyhome.org/assets/bringinghistoryhome/3rd-grade/unit-2/activity-5/black-and-colored-d
Segregation
http://leisureguy.files.wordpress.com/2007/09/cuar01_littlerock0709.jpg
Segregation
Results: African Americans need a
change!

Just like Indians
needed a change.
Non-violence resistance

Martin Luther King Jr.
Lunch counter sit-ins
Boycotts of busses
http://www.montgomeryboycott.com/img/book.gif
Marches on government
http://kenoath.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/civil-rights-march.jpg
Finally: an end to segregation
We shall overcome!
Question:
1. How did Gandhi’s
civil rights
movement inspire
the African American
civil rights
movement?
 2. What are the goals
of ALL civil rights
movements?

Review of Imperialism
Imperialism Reflection
What is Imperialism?
 Do you think imperialism still happens
today?
 How do you think imperialism is different
today than it was in places like India when
the British were in charge of the country?

How is imperialism bad?
Destroys local culture
 Treats local people poorly
 Starts fighting within the local people

How is imperialism good?

Brings money in sometimes.
In India:
 Better for international business (learned
English)
 Safer conditions for wives (no more wife
burning), built railroads, more convenient,
set up government……
 Easier to get supplies from Great Britain

New Imperialism
http://insidenewyork.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/mcdonalds.jpg
wholesalegift.com/pic/Coca-Cola-Promotional-Gifts/Cocacola-EL-Advertisement-Signboard-22
How is imperialism bad?
Think about the Scramble for Africa.
 Do you think that some countries may
have been jealous if they didn’t have as
many colonies as France in Africa?
 How might this lead to bad feelings
between different European countries?

Imperialism

Is one of the MAIN reasons why war broke
out between European countries in the
First World War!
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Our next unit! Hooraaaaaaaaaaaaay!
World War 1 Review
Causes of WWI

A. Imperialism
 1.
Strong countries conquered smaller
weaker countries (colonies)
 2. European countries – Asia and Africa
 3. European countries competed for colonies.
This made them not like each other
World War I

Nationalism was one of the main causes
of World War 1 in 1914.
B. Nationalism
1. Definition: To love your country or
culture
 2. Example: Europeans thought they
were the best and wanted to fight a war
to prove it.

Nationalism
What is Nationalism?
 How does nationalism make people
more willing to fight for their country?

C. Arms Race
1. Each country wanted to have the
biggest military.
 2. More weapons make countries want to
fight a war.
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D. Alliances

Alliances: agreement between countries
saying that the people of one nation
would help the people of an allied nation
if they needed it.
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This meant that more countries were
willing to take risks because they knew
they had support from their allies.
E. Assassination of Archduke
Ferdinand
THE FINAL thing that led to war!
 1. Assassination is the killing of an
important person
 2. The archduke was the next king
 3. Austria Hungary controlled land in the
Balkans, including a country called Serbia.
Serbia wanted their land back!

Austria acts like a jerk to Serbia!
Austrians decide to have a parade in
Serbia celebrating that Austria taking
over.
 The parade is on the day of a Serbian
holiday.
 This is VERY disrespectful to Serbia.

So…… Serbians get angry and:
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A Serbian man shoots the Archduke
Franz Ferdinand while he is riding in a
parade car.
Austria Hungary is really mad
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They declare war on Serbia
The Balkans
Summary
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Main causes of WWI
Arms Race: People try to show how strong they are with weapons
(machine gun, ships, submarine)
Imperialism: People take over other countries. They fight for land
and colonizing. Ex: Indians got upset: war
Nationalism: To love you your country. You DON’T love other
countries. If my country is right, everyone else is wrong. My
country is the best
Alliances: Friendship between countries. War gets bigger because
countries that are friends fight for each other EVEN if they weren’t
part of the first fight.
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand: When a Serbian man
killed the prince of Austria Hungary.
Causes of WWI poster
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Today you will make a poster about ONE of the causes of WWI
1. Arms Race: People try to show how strong they are with
weapons (machine gun, ships, submarine)
2. Imperialism: People take over other countries. They fight for
land and colonizing. Ex: Indians got upset: war
3. Nationalism: To love you your country. You DON’T love other
countries. If my country is right, everyone else is wrong. My
country is the best
4. Alliances: Friendship between countries. War gets bigger
because countries that are friends fight for each other EVEN if they
weren’t part of the first fight.
5. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand: When a Serbian man
killed the prince of Austria Hungary.
Groups
Group
 Group
 Group
 Group
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1:
2:
3:
4:
Nationalism
Arms Race
Imperialism
Alliances
Listen up!
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http://my.hrw.com/ss2/ss06_07_08/stude
nt/audio/lth/hwh/hwh_worldwar1_lth.mp3
II. Beginning of WWI
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A. The “small” war
 1.
The war should only be between Austria
Hungary and Serbia.
B. Alliance System

1. Because of the alliance system it
becomes a much bigger war

2. Triple Alliance = Germany, Austria
Hungary and Italy
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3. Triple Entente = Great Britain,
France, Russia
These alliances
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Were made BEFORE the war started!
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AFTER the war had become, alliances led
countries to take sides. There were the
Central Powers and the Allied Powers
The 2 sides of the war:

Central Powers: Germany and AustriaHungary (They were called this because
they are located in the center of Europe)
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Allied Powers: Great Britain, Russia,
France, Serbia
C. The “big” war
1. When one country in the alliance is
attacked, other countries in the alliance
joined the war.
 As other countries joined the war, the war
became bigger and bigger!
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Today
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We will learn a bit more about the background of World War I. Find a
partner and read pages 410-412

Answer the following questions:
1. What is imperialism and how did it lead to competition between
countries?
2. What is an arms race? Who was involved in the arms race leading up
to WWI and who started it?
3. How did nationalism cause problems in the Balkans?
4. What is an alliance? Why would countries want to be part of an
alliance?
5. Which countries were part of the Triple Alliance?
6. Which countries were part of the Triple Entente?
7. What was the final thing that happened to cause a declaration of war?
8. Did people think the war would last a long time? Why DID the war last
a long time?
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During the war!
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Do Now: New weapons like poison gas
and machine guns were invented soon
before WWI. How do you think those
inventions changed the way battles were
fought?
Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution made new
weapons possible!
New Weapons
Sources taken from the American Library of Congress
More weapons
Tank Warfare
wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/British_Mark_I_male_tank_Somme_25_September_1
Machine Gun
http://www.diggerhistory.info/images/weapons-ww1-allied/vickers.jpg
Airplanes
http://imagecache5.art.com/p/LRG/8/820/4Y1Y000Z/world-war-i-aircraft.jpg
Germans used a new weapon:
Big Bertha:
 Helped Germans to
be able to blow up
targets many miles
away.

Big Bertha

This is one of the main reasons why
battles were fought in trenches. Soldiers
needed protection from weapons like “Big
Bertha”
The war gets even BIGGER!

Germany (part of the Triple Alliance:
Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy)
didn’t want France to help Russia (Part of
the Triple Entente: France, Russia and
Great Britain).
Germany tries to stop France

So, they marched through
Belgium (a neutral
country) to get to France.
Great Britain got mad
because Germany
invaded a neutral (didn’t
take sides in the war and
didn’t want to fight)
country. So, Great Britain
declared war on
Germany.
No Quick Victory
Germany now had to fight enemies on
both sides of their country.
 East: Russia
 West: France, Belgium and Great Britain

Two-Front War
When a country’s army has to fight on
both sides of the country.
 Why do you think two-front war is bad?

Weaker Armies!

Two-front war means a country has to
spread their army all over the country.
There are less soldiers/supplies at one
place than there could be if the fighting
was only on one front (side).
What did Germany do?
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They tried to rush to defeat France quickly
with as many soldiers as possible so they
could win in France and THEN move all of
their soldiers to the other front: Russia.
Problem

The Russians moved too fast. The
Germans had to send many soldiers from
the Western Front to Russia (East).
Problem

Because Germany lost soldiers on the
Western Front, they were much weaker
in fighting against the French.
D. Western Front - Trenches

1. Because of new
weapons soldiers
needed to protect
themselves
3. The Trenches were very complex
Soldiers would run across to the
other trench during an attack
Fighting in the trenches
Was difficult!
 10s of thousands of soldiers died.

Soldiers can’t move!

Because it took a long time to build
trenches and because leaving the trenches
to fight was very dangerous, soldiers did
not attack the other side very quickly.
Let’s explore the trenches a bit more!

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/multimedia_
zone/virtual_tours/media/vr_trench/vr_tre
nch_pop.shtml
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http://my.hrw.com/ss2/ss06_07_08/stude
nt/flash/hwhww1_treCD/click_viewer.html
Life of a soldier in the trenches
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A Day in the Trenches:
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Morning:
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from:http://hubpages.com/hub/World_war_1_A_Day_in_the_Trenches
It started 1 hour before dawn with the
morning "stand to" the men were roused
from sleep and sent to the "fire step", with
bayonets fixed to their rifles to be on
guard for a dawn raid by the enemy. Many
raids were carried out at dawn by both
sides although it was common knowledge
that the opposing armies were both
preparing to deal with them.
A Day in the Trenches
http://www.army.mil/asianpacificsoldiers/Images/wwi.jpg
Morning

As the first light of day approached
machineguns, shells, and even handguns
would be fired toward the enemy
trenches. Some people said that this was
to test the weaponry. Others said it was to
relieve the tension, and others said it was
to ward off a dawn raid. Whatever the
reason the first hour of the soldier's day
became known, as "The morning hate."
Battle
http://img.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2007/04_02/gallipoliL1904_468x289.jpg
Later in the day

Then it was time for breakfast,
unofficially breakfast time was a time
of truce between both sides, both
sides respected this truce for most of
the time, but it was broken now and
again when a senior officer heard
about it and put his foot down
ordering the men to open fire on
enemy lines.
http://www.remnantnewspaper.com/images/Christmas_in_the_Trenches_0.jpg
Daily Chores
http://www.fototime.com/A9EA689B4C4DE7C/orig.jpg
Daily Chores
“each man would be given a specific
chore. Daily chores included the refilling of
sandbags, the repair of the duckboards on
the floor of the trench and the draining of
trenches, repairing the trenches and
preparing the latrines”
 (http://hubpages.com/hub/World_war_1_
A_Day_in_the_Trenches)

Preparing “latrines”
The rest of the day was kinda slow:

During the rest of the day movement was
restricted in the trenches, snipers and
lookout posts from either side constantly
watched the front lines and shots would
be fired at the first sign of movement.
Soldiers used this time to catch up on
some much needed sleep write letters to
their sweethearts and home and some
soldiers spent the time producing
ornaments and useful items from used
shell and bullet casings, these items are
very popular these days and are sold as
trench art.
Trench Art
2.bp.blogspot.com/_1NgBBDpSJ34/Rq1MwhlQiBI/AAAAAAAABrU/yQ6hu1LPiMI/s400/trench-
Ways to fight boredom in the
trenches
Write letters home
 Write poetry
 Make artwork

Later afternoon

With dusk came the second "Stand to" of
the day. Soldiers would be sent to the fire
step as darkness approached in
preparation for surprise attacks. With the
darkness of the night the trenches came to
life, men were sent to fetch vital food,
water, and maintenance supplies whilst
others were sent to the fire step for sentry
duty. 2 hours was the limit for the soldiers
on the fire step before they were replaced,
in case the men fell asleep, if a man fell
asleep at the fire step the punishment
would be death by firing squad.
Borrrrrrrrrrrrred!
http://www.historycomesalive.ca/canadians/images/soldier_4.jpg
Punishment for falling asleep:

Death!
Sentry Duty
http://www.johndclare.net/images/WWI_Sentry.JPG
By cover of night
Patrols into no-mans land would also be
carried out under cover of darkness, to
repair breaks in the barbed wire and some
were sent out as "Listening posts" hoping
to over hear information from the enemy.
 Sometimes enemy patrols would meet in
No Man's Land. They were then faced with
the option of hurrying on their separate
ways or else engaging in hand to hand
fighting.
(http://hubpages.com/hub/World_war_1
_A_Day_in_the_Trenches)

No Man’s Land
http://data2.collectionscanada.ca/ap/a/a001020.jpg
Why do you think it was called:

No Man’s Land?
End of the day
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They could not afford to use their handguns
whilst patrolling in No Man's Land, for fear of the
machine gun fire it would inevitably attract,
deadly to all members of the patrol.
The cover of darkness also allowed the frontline
troops to be changed over, those who had
completed their tour of duty would be swapped
over with fresh troops.
Then it was time to start the daily routine again
with the morning "stand to"
http://hubpages.com/hub/World_war_1_A_Day_in_the_
Trenches
Many soldiers began to question why
they were fighting.
One soldier said:
 “The dead lying on the fields seem to ask,
“Why has this been done to us? Why
have you done it, brothers? What purpose
has it served?”

How do you think soldiers felt during
times of war?
Were they happy?
 Why?

How did the soldiers REALLY feel?
Christmas Example:
 During WWI the Germans had been
fighting the British and battle was bloody!


BUT on Christmas day some Germans put
up small Christmas trees outside their
trenches.
German Christmas
http://www.snopes.com/holidays/christmas/truce.asp
Then…..

The Germans started
singing Christmas
Carols:

And the British joined
in! They made peace
for just one night….
http://www.snopes.com/holidays/christmas/truce.asp
They even exchanged gifts like:
Cake
 Newspapers
 Cigarettes

http://www.24-7pressrelease.com/attachments/031996/gluten-free-christmas-pudding.jpg
Played games!

Soccer!
bp.blogspot.com/_tNiSHIFGp1k/SU7CetH9kfI/AAAAAAAABHM/0Ncj73u3q_Y/s400/Christmas
Christmas Worksheet
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You may work in groups to answer
questions about the Christmas peace.
Harry Patch Article
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One WWI soldier recently died. After his
experiences fighting in WWI, he decided
to dedicate his life to helping others to
understand how pointless war is.
If trench warfare was so bad why did
soldiers want to join the war?
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Propaganda!
(Advertising)
Be a GOOD person, join
your country’s army!
What does the Gorilla
represent?
What is this poster
supposed to make British
men want to do?
org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/%27Destroy_this_mad_brute%27_WWI_propaganda_poster_
German War Propaganda
Russian Propaganda
http://www.firstworldwar.com/posters/images/pp_rus_06.jpg
Why would advertising make people
want to join the war?

Does propaganda tell what war will
REALLY be like?
Evaluate War Propaganda
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Take a look at the following War
Propaganda and on a numbered piece of
paper write which of the following
purposes you think the propaganda was
made for:
Reasons for Propaganda
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1. To stop information that may help the enemy
from being published.
2. To give regular people a government
approved version of the war.
3. To keep people at home feeling positive about
the war abroad and encourage people to give
money and time to the war effort.
4. To make the enemy seem like an evil that
needed to be fought.
5. To get more soldiers to join the army and
navy.
1.
2.
3.
a/commons/9/90/Paul_Stahr_(1883_-_1953)_-_Be_Patriotic,_Sign_Your_Country%27s_Ple
4.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Silver_into_bullets.jpg
5.
http://mctheory09.files.wordpress.com/2008/12/carlesstalk.jpg
6.
Review
1. Make enemy look evil
 2. Get more men to join army
 3. Get support from people at home
(donate canned food to troops)
 4. Support from people at home
 5. Don’t share information that could help
the enemy
 6. Government approved vision of war.
Christ is on our side!

Does War Propaganda still exist?
http://www.ironicsans.com/images/citizen1.jpg
Reflection Questions

Answer the following questions to turn in
before you leave:
1. What is propaganda?
 2. Why do you think there were so many
different types of war propaganda?
 2. Do you need propaganda to win a war?
Why or why not?

What about women in the war?
What did they do?
What did they do?
w.antiquetrader.com/upload/contents/290/field_1751/homefront4%20QU%20June%2006.J
http://i2.iofferphoto.com/img/item/542/748/41/wwi_greatest_mother_nurse.jpg
What was life like for women back
home?
Watch Movie clip from section 3
 Finish worksheet

My Boy Jack

Watch together! 
The War Spreads

Because of Alliances, other countries
joined the war on the side of the Central
Powers or Allied Powers.
New countries on the Central
Powers

The Ottoman Empire

Bulgaria
New Countries fighting for the
Allies:
-Italy (used to be part of the Triple
Alliance but they didn’t like AustriaHungary so they stopped supporting
them)
-Japan
Total: 31 nations took part in WWI.
Why would trench warfare….
Make it difficult for one side to win?
 What is a stalemate?

5. Stalemate

Definition: No winner in a contest
During WWI, neither side could win a
clear battle on the Western Front.
 Trench warfare made it very difficult for
either side to win.

Eastern Front

VERY different from the Western Front.

Much more movement because they didn’t
use trench warfare on the Western
Front.
Early Allied losses on the Eastern
Front

1. Great Britain lost a battle against the
Ottoman Empire in Gallipoli.
Allied Victories!
In Southwest Asia, The British worked
with Arabs to defeat the Ottomans.
 1917: Great Britain took over Jerusalem
 People in British Colonies in Africa helped
the British to win in parts of Africa
 Japanese soldiers fought and defeated
Germans on islands in the Pacific Ocean.

Four Years of War
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Get your textbook and turn to page 413
You may work in pairs to make vocabulary notecards of the
following terms:
Neutral
Two-front war
Trenches
Trench warfare
Central Powers
Allies
Stalemate
Shells
Submarine
armistice
Make sure you know the following:
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Imperialism: Strong countries conquer weaker countries. Ex. Europe took over colonies (an
area of land in one area controlled by a country far away. Britain had colonies in India)
Nationalism: To love your country or culture
Arms Race: Competing to have the biggest military
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand: The killing of the next king of Austria-Hungary (and
important guy). IMPORTANT because it was the last thing to cause WWI.
Alliance: friendship or partnership between countries
Triple Alliance: partnership between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy
Triple Entente: partnership between Great Britain, France and Russia
Trenches: tunnels dug on the Western Front to protect soldiers
Central Powers: Austria-Hungary and Germany (called “central” because they are in the center
of Europe
Allied Powers: Great Britain, Russia, France, Serbia and later Italy (After they left the
German side.
Submarine : boat that goes underwater that was used by the Germans
America neutral at first: U.S.A. didn’t take sides at first because they wanted to trade with
both sides
Armistice: Peace Agreement
E. Eastern Front-movement
1. Opposite of the
Western Front
 2. The Armies moved
hundreds of miles in
short periods of time
 3. The Russian army
was badly supplied

III. End of World War I

A. Neutral America
http://www.historycentral.com/WStage/WWINeutrality.jpg
Why neutral?
1. America wanted to stay neutral
because it could trade with both Central
Powers - Austria Hungary and Germany
(called that because they were in central
Europe)
 AND America could trade with Allied
Powers too – Great Britain, Russia,
France, Serbia and later Italy

B. Submarine Warfare

1. German
submarines (boat
that goes
underwater) attacked
American supply ships
going to England.
This made Americans
very mad.
C. America declares war
1. Because of the
German attacks,
America declared war
in April 1917,
 2. This was very
helpful to the Allied
forces because the
American soldiers
were now, healthy,
and had very good
supplies.

www.brickshelf.com/gallery/marakoeschtra/Castle/Castle-Characters/28_strongest_man_in_
D. Russia Surrenders

1. Russia
surrendered because
of the Russian
Revolution. The
government was
taken over by
Communists.
http://www.casahistoria.net/images/Russian%20Surrender%20at%20Tannenberg.jpg
E. Armistice
1. The Germans tried
to attack one more
time on the western
front in the summer
of 1918. The attack
failed.
 2. On November 11,
1918, the German
army surrendered to
the Allied powers.
World War I was over.

http://laparisiennecentre.com/blog/nfblog/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/ArmisticeDay.gif
Why do you think America joining the
war made it end faster?

American Soldiers entered the war late so
they were well rested.

America brought many supplies that the
Allies needed to help them defeat the
Central Powers.
How did the war finally end?

Germany was weak. America joined the
war and did a lot of damage to Germany
and Russia had been hurting them too.

Germany was out of supplies and had to
give up. Nov 11, 1918
How do we prevent future wars?

According to U.S. President Woodrow
Wilson: Let’s all be friends! We’ll start a
League of Nations.

Goal: Encourage friendship and peace
between all countries in Europe

BUT excluded Germany! AND U.S didn’t
want to join either.
Another plan for peace: Woodrow
Wilson

Wilson also had an
idea for something
called the Fourteen
Points: plan for
peace.

He thought of it while
fighting was still
going on in 1918.
Fourteen Points
Some included:
1. reduce weapons
2. All countries should have governments like
the U.S. (Democracy where people vote for their
own government)
 3. Germany should pay a FAIR amount for war.
Not too much
 4. A League of Nations should be started to
prevent future wars.
 5. Countries shouldn’t be able to just TAKE land
from other established countries (Imperialism)



Problem with the Peace

Not everyone agreed
with them. In fact no
one else besides
Wilson really liked
them all that much.
The only one that was
really sort of liked
was the League of
Nations.
 We’ll learn more
NEXT YEAR!

Final Project!

ABC book!