Transcript USHU6NEUTRALITYWAR

Friday, October 13, 2006

TSW: Explain the causes of World War I.
Understand why the United States went
from having an isolationist stance to
entering the war.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answer.
The Great War - World War I
From Neutrality to War
L - Idea for Student Response
One day after school, you see two groups of
schoolmates involved in a fight. Both sides
yell to you to join in and help their side.
 What are the advantages & disadvantages of
getting involved?
 If you do get involved, how do you decide
which group to join?

4.1A: Europe on the Brink of War

The Roots of War

late 1800s and early 1900s, Europe was unsettled with tension
1) Nationalism - intense pride in one’s own nation
– Italy/Germany unified as a country instead of a kingdom
2) Militarism - glorification of armed strength and the ideals of war (build-up)
to acquire and protect colonies ($ - remember the world turns due to $
large armies, navies competing for military strength (Whose is bigger?, 300%)
3) Entangled Alliances - intricate web of alliances arose to deter acts of
aggression.
1882 - Triple Alliance: Austro-Hungarian empire, Germany, Italy
1907 - Triple Entente: France, Great Britain, Russia







4.1A: Europe on the Brink of War
 Europe
in 1914 = Powder Keg of tensions
 Great economic, imperial powers, armed with
massive , modern armies and inclined to support the
idea of war for a national glory, were tied to one
another in a series of binding military treaties
4.1A: Europe on the Brink of War
U.S. was carrying an attitude of neutrality
 Washington’s Farewell Address
 No entangling alliances
 More worried about their own Hemisphere

4.2B: World War I Begins






The “Spark” that started
the Great War
June 28, 1914: Archduke Franz
Ferdinand & wife assassinated by a
Serbian Nationalist.
Austria-Hungary annexed BosniaHerzegovina
Serbia, small nation to the south wanted a
“Slavic nation”
Black Hand - 7 assassins
Archduke dodged first attempts, finally
killed by 19 y.o., Gavrilo Princip
4.2B: World War I Begins

The War Begins

A-H angered and supported by Germany, issued an ultimatum
Suppress all anti-A-H activities or face war
Russia supported Serbia
Jul 28, 1914: A-H declares war on Serbia
System of alliances (Triple Alliance & Entente) plunged Europe into war
Germany demands Russia to stop mobilization and France to remain neutral
Russia refuses and France honors alliance
Germany marches through Belgium, ignoring 1839 treaty guaranteeing
Belgium’s neutral status
France, Russia, G. Britain declare war on Germany
WWI officially begins August 4, 1914









4.2B: World War I Begins

The U.S. Declares Neutrality

Same day, Wilson declares U.S. neutrality
Many Americans could trace their heritage to Europe
Wilson asked all Americans to remain neutral
“The [United States] must be impartial in thought as well as in action
Americans could not resist taking sides
Britain b/c of heritage & ancestry
France b/c of their help in Rev. War






Click the Speaker button
to listen to the audio again.
4.1C: A Bloody Stalemate in Europe

Quick Victory Eludes
the Warring Nations

all nations thought the war would
end quickly
By end of 1914, thousands of
casualties
War turned into a Bloody Stalemate
Boredom!



4.1C: A Bloody Stalemate in Europe
4.1C: A Bloody Stalemate in Europe

The Horror of Trench
Warfare

Modern Weaponry: machine guns,
mechanized cannons, mustard gas
Bloody, long-lasting battles
No land gained
475 miles of trenches built to
protect from modern weaponry
Long bombardment, followed by
infantry attacks: “No Man’s Land”
Treacherous mud, very wet, rats
trenchfoot = amputation







“The bottom of the trench was springy like a mattress
b/c of all the bodies underneath … “
4.1C: A Bloody Stalemate in Europe

The U.S. Maintains Neutrality

Americans were horrified by the
war
French Foreign Legion
U.S. gov’t remained neutral
Wilson unhappy with British
blockade of German ports.
Violation of int’l law
Wilson continued to supply food,
weapons, and war supplies
Banks made billions of $






4.1D: German U-boats Violate Int’l Law

Unrestricted
Submarine Warfare

U-boat = Unterseeboot
Germany had superior submarines
Feb. 1915, Germany - unrestricted
submarine warfare
Even neutral or passenger ships
War zone declared by Germany




4.1D: German U-boats Violate Int’l Law

The Sinking of the
Lusitania

May 1, 1915: NY to London
Germany had warned passengers in
newspapers
Warning for submarines in area,
ignored by ship’s captain
790-foot ship, sank in 18 minutes
2,000 passengers, 1,200 died, 128
Americans, 125 children
Secret cargo: 4,200 cases of gun
cartridges





4.1D: German U-boats Violate Int’l Law

Wilson Campaigns for
U.S. Neutrality

American public outraged
Wilson condemned Germany’s
actions
Committed to keeping U.S. out of
war
3 more Americans killed on
unarmed French ship
1916 Election, close call
“He kept us out of war” slogan





4.1E: U.S. Entry into the War

The Zimmerman
Telegram

Death Knell, Straw that broke the
camel’s back
Restart unrestricted subm. Warfare
Promise of”general financial
support
Mexico would regain territory
British presented to Wilson on Feb.
25, 1917
Mar. 1: published in newspapers






“There is no question about going to war. Germany is
already at war with us.” former Pres. T. Roosevelt
4.1E: U.S. Entry into the War

The U.S. Declares War
on Germany

April 2, 1917
Wilson asked Congress for
declaration of war against Germany
“The world must be made safe for
democracy … We are but one of
the champions of the rights of
mankind”
3 A.M, April 6, 1917 - U.S. enters
War
“Over There”




“Over There”







Jonnie get your gun, get your gun, get your gun,
Take it on the run, on the run, on the run,
Hear them calling you and me,
Every son of liberty.
Hurry right away, no delay, go today,
Make your daddy glad to have had such a lad, Tell
your sweetheart not to pine,
To be proud her boy’s in line.
“Over There”











Chorus
Over there, over there,
Send the word, send the word, over there
That the Yanks are coming, the Yanks are coming
The drums rum tumming everywhere,
So prepare, say a prayer,
Send the word, say a prayer,
Send the word, send the word, to beware,
We’ll be over, we’re coming over,
And we won’t come back till its over,
Over there.
“Over There”








Johnnie get your gun, get your gun, get your gun,
Johnnie show the Hun, you’re a son-of-a-gun,
Hoist the flag and let her fly,
Like true heroes do or die.
Pack your little kit, show your grit, do your bit,
Soldiers on the ranks from the towns and the
tanks,
Make your mother proud of you,
And to liberty be true.
4.1F: U.S. Mobilization & the End of the War

Mobilizing for War

Ill-equipped for war
Wilson initiated the draft
Only 200,000 soldiers
9 million registered
U.S. industry & agriculture
increased production of food, fuel,
ships, weapons
Intense propaganda campaign





4.1F: U.S. Mobilization & the End of the War

The Effects of
Propaganda

Undemocratic practices
Espionage Act of 1917
2,000 Americans were prosecuted
“Liberty Cabbage”
German-Americans were
discriminated against




4.1F: U.S. Mobilization & the End of the War

Leaving for Europe

Idealism & Excitement
“… adventure & heroism”
High-spirits
However, they soon encountered
the horror and fear of war



4.1F: U.S. Mobilization & the End of the War

American Troops in
Europe

Fresh U.S. troops bolstered the
broken down Allied forces
American Expeditionary Force
(AEF)
General John “Black Jack”
Pershing
Not well-trained, inexperienced



4.1F: U.S. Mobilization & the End of the War

The End of WWI

Spring/Fall 1918 - American troops
helped in decisive battles
1 million troops battled Germans
over 200-mile front in France
Germans overthrow Kaiser
Wilhelm
11-11-11
10 million soldiers killed
20 million soldiers wounded
U.S. - 300,000 casualties
U.S. - 110,000 killed







continued
on next slide