Transcript 幻灯片 1
Exemplification Do you know these? 1. To shell out 8. 2. To make do with 9. 3. We will not get something 10. for nothing—and we 11. should not expect to. 12. 4. a mental block 13. 5. Inhibited 6. To limber up your muscles 7. nerve-racking experience tongue-tied deficient hard-driving spruce up a stroke of good fortune Overdue Intro to essay development • Description • Narration • Exposition – Examples, process, cause & effect, comparison & contrast, definition, division & classification • Argumentation • Important considerations – Nature & length of assignments – Subject – Purpose & audience – Determining point of view – Using peer review – Personal review • First-person vs. Third-person • The third-person approach is by far the most common point of view in academic writing. • See the examples on page 164 &165. • Exemplification – It is one of the simplest ways to explain our thoughts, ideas, opinions, etc. We often need to use examples, i.e. specific details or instances, to make clear a general idea or statement. Therefore, how to use examples effectively is crucial to meaningful communication. support, clarify, interest, and persuade • Examples can be used to 1. to support a general topic statement 2. to explain a difficult point or unfamiliar concept Explanatory examples help your audience fully understand your point. Lively, specific examples also add interest to your paper. • This term several useful and interesting courses have been offered. An Introduction to European Culture, for instance, gives us a lot of background knowledge of the history of European philosophy, literature, and arts. From time to time we see slide shows of famous paintings and hear tapes of famous pieces of music, and they make the lectures all the more interesting. American Society and Culture is another course that attracts a large audience. The teacher, who visited the United States not long ago, discusses new trends and changes in American life as well as American history and traditions. We like these and other courses very much, because they help us not only to improve our English but also to broaden our vision. • Develop the following topic sentence into a paragraph, by using exemplification. There are a number of ways for us to keep fit. ____________ There are a number of ways for us to keep fit. First, no matter how busy we are, we should have exercise every day to strengthen our muscles. Second, it is important to keep good hours. For example, if we are in the habit of going to bed early and getting up early, we can avoid overworking ourselves and get enough sleep. Finally, entertainment is also necessary so that we may have some moments of relaxation. If we follow those instructions, we will certainly be in good health. • How many examples? • Choosing good examples – Good examples should be specific – Good examples should be appropriate – Good examples should be interesting and lively • Make examples complete – You must not only give examples that are related to your topic, but you must also give some facts that relate to and support the controlling idea. • An example – Thesis: Technological devices have improved our lives. – “Almost everyone has a cell phone these days, even children.” – “Almost everyone, even children, has a cell phone. This means that parents can be less anxious when away from their children because they know their children can call for help.” • Organizing examples – Time (Dad) – Familiarity – Importance • Transitions between paragraphs – Transitional expressions – Repeating key words and phrases • for example / for instance • to illustrate • another example of • say • like • another illustration of • be a case in point • here are a few examples • • • • give an example to name but a few by way of illustration one illustration of this idea • as shown in • such as • can be illustrated by Paragraph Examples First For example, take my neighbor. One example of a person who is kind is my neighbor. One area of town that has improved a lot is uptown. First, consider the case of.. To begin, consider my roommate. Second Another example of a good teacher is … An additional example is… Second, consider… Still another example of a good teacher is… Last Finally, there is the problem of air pollution. The most important example of a helpful person is my advisor. The most significant example of a helpful person …. • Model essay to analyze: Words that camouflage • Professional essay to analyze: Dad • Topic for discussions – Our commonly held stereotypes Topics • • • • Assignment 1:Problems of living in a dorm Assignment 2: P221 Our commonly held stereotypes Many groups of people have been victims of prejudice. • Clothes can tell a lot about a person. What are some things that you can tell about someone judging from the clothes he or she wears? • What to read? – Thank you by Alex Haley – Propaganda Techniques in Today’s Advertising by Ann McClintock Intensifiers • Extremely important – essential, imperative, vital, indispensable, crucial • They absolutely wanted to – they were determined to – they had resolved to – they were bent on – they were insistent upon • The people have a strong aversion to graft, bribery, embezzlement, and other dirty practice. • I think there will definitely be genuine stability and unity. • I firmly believe=I am convinced • • • • • • • Great historic contributions If there is serious chaos in Hong Kong Be firmly banned Strongly demand Be totally abolished The broad masses of the people A tiny handful of troublemakers Advice • Most adverbs are unnecessary. • You probably should delete all intensive adverbs. Very, really, truly, actually and the like • Reserve adjectives and adverbs to make your meaning more precise. (a military disaster, a terrible disaster, an economic crisis, an acute crisis, ) Thank You!