Transcript File - dbalmshistory

Unit 3: The American Revolution
Unit 2 - Recap
• 13 Colonies
– Northern and Middle:
Industry, Manufacturing and
Shipping focused.
– Southern: Focused more on
Agriculture and slavery
• Enlightenment Ideals are spreading…
– Intellectual movement that believed that all problems could
be solved by human reason.
– Baron de Montesquieu, John Locke, Voltaire, Rousseau main
leaders in applying philosophies to government and politics.
– Affected Religious beliefs and caused decline in church
attendance.
The Great Awakening
• A religious movement that countered “The
Enlightenment” where people turned to God for
direction and not human reason.
• Circuit Riders like John Edwards and George
Whitfield rode around on horse back having revivals.
• Great outpouring of “Holy Spirit” emotion led to new
churches and greater religious tolerance.
• “If we can figure out how to worship God… we can
govern ourselves.”
But…Colonist Felt Separated
• People in each colony did not think they had much
in common with the other colonies.
• They did not know if they were Americans or
English... They were not united.
And then… “JOIN, or DIE.”
• The French and Indian War(s) (1689 – 1763)
– 1754 – 1763 British win and gain Canada, Florida, and
some of Louisiana in the Treaty of Paris. But
afterwards…
– The Crown limited the rights of English settlers who
wanted to go west to settle in Louisiana.
Proclamation Line 1763
• War Ends with the 1763 Treaty of Paris
• Most controversial parts of the treaty (agreement) was
that England would not allow the colonists to move past
the Appalachian Mountains and take more Indian land.
• The Proclamation Line of 1763 stopped the colonists from
moving west of the Appalachian Mountains.
Results of the French – Indian War
• Proclamation Line of 1763 upset the people of the
13 colonies…
• But overall, the colonists felt much safer from the
Indians and were glad the war was over.
England In Debt Due to War
However, fighting the French and Indian war was very
expensive for England and King George III saw the
colonies as his ticket out of debt
Money, money,
money!
MONEY!!
Paying for War
• King George decided that the colonists would
have to pay taxes to recover his loss.
• His view: It was the Colonies duty and
responsibility as his subject because the war was
about their protection.
• The colonists quickly grew very angry about the
taxes they were now being forced to pay.
What are Taxes?
Taxes = the money collected by the government
to pay for services
Why Were The Colonists So Angry About
Taxes?
• No one represented the colonist in English
Parliament so…
• No regulation on how much the King could tax
them. People every in the colonies began to say…“
No Taxation Without Representation!”
NEW TAXES!!
• STAMP ACT: a tax on all things made out of
paper.
• The colonists tried to fight this by not buying the
stamps and also ran the stamp sellers out of
town.
MORE NEW TAXES…
• Townshend Acts: a tax on paper, glass, lead
and Tea!!!!”
• ….The colonists got even more upset and
refused to pay!!!
Tar & Feather THE TAX COLLECTOR!
The colonists got so upset
about the British taxes
there were several stories
about the colonists
grabbing tax collectors
dumping hot tar and
chicken feathers on them
and then pour boiling hot
tea down their throat.
We were
just doing
our job
No Taxation
without
Representation
Mother! Look
at those dumb
tax collectors!
Boston Massacre
• English “Redcoats” sent to help control and
monitor the colonists.
• Everyday tension (anger) grew between the
colonists and the redcoats.
• On March 5, 1770, tensions finally exploded into
violence in the streets.
Stop
insulting
me
Hey
lobster
Boston Massacre
A group of young men and dockworkers began
arguing in the streets with a group of English
soldiers and a club was thrown and hit an
Redcoat.
The soldiers began fired into the crowd. Four
laborers were killed as well as Crispus Attucks
(the first African-American man killed in the
American Revolution).
People began calling the shooting of the 5 people a
massacre. This incident became a tool for antiBritish propaganda.
Boston Massacre
What is Propaganda?
Propaganda is information that is spread for the
purpose of promoting a specific cause.
What was the cause/reason for calling the
shooting of five people in Boston a massacre?
One step forward… two steps back
• The colonists protested (spoke out against) the
taxes and these protests worked!
• England ended the stamp tax… But … the troubles
did not end.
• In 1773, England passed a tax on tea. Colonists in
several colonies protested against the tax and
boycotted the taxed products.
Lets head to Boston…
Samuel Adams and The Sons of Liberty
Samuel Adams (Cousin of John Adams) led a group
called the Sons of Liberty.
The Sons of Liberty went around the colonies
protesting taxes and organizing boycotts (Boycotts
are where people refuse to buy a good)
Boston Tea Party
• The most famous of the protests.
• During the Boston Tea Party colonists dressed as
Indians and boarded the ships that contained
boxes of tea.
• They then tossed the crates into the Boston
harbor.
Closing the Harbor
• To punish the people of Boston, King George
closed the Boston Harbor meaning ships could
not go in or out. (No trade = no $)
• To stop the colonists from organizing, town
meetings were outlawed.
• The colonists felt they were losing their freedom.
I can’t believe
he is going to
close the
harbor so we
can’t fish
Edenton Tea Party
• More Colonies got involved in the
boycotts of all types of English
goods. Edenton, Wilmington,...
• Penelope Baker and Elizabeth King led
a Women’s Patriots Party.
• Signed their own “Resolves” for
freedom from taxation.
Intolerable Acts
Closing the Boston Harbor was just one part of
what the colonists called the Intolerable Acts.
They could not tolerate (accept) these ridiculous
laws England was passing to control the colonies.
We cant
tolerate
this!
The Colonies Unite… sort of.
• Colonists from 12 of the colonies held a meeting in
Philadelphia (the First Continental Congress)
• Some wanted to stay loyal to the King of England.
• They decided to send the “Olive Branch Petition” (A
letter to him asking him to end the tax on tea, etc...)
• King George III refused to even read the letter and
responded by sending ships full of English soldiers to
lay siege on Boston.
Lets Send King
George III a
petition asking him
to stop taxing us
Petition
from the 1st
continental
Congress
Minutemen and Militias!
• Each colony had a militia - an army
composed of non-professional
fighters.
• Soldiers were called “Minutemen”
because they could/should be
ready to fight in a minutes notice.
• Each Colony’s militia held a stock
pile of weapons, gun powder, and
flint just in case.
• The British Redcoats in
Massachusetts needed more
supplies so they went for Concord.
The British head to Concord
On the night of April 18, 1775, the British soldiers
(redcoats) marched to Concord, Massachusetts to
take the weapons from the colonial minutemen.
Get me your
weapons
Nope
Give us your
weapons!!
No!
Paul Revere
• There were several Patriots
in the colonies. (A patriot was
colonist who wanted
independence freedom) from
England.
• A famous patriot was named
Paul Revere.
• Revere was willing to risk his
life trying to notify others
about the approaching
soldiers.
I’m Paul
Revere
and I'm a
patriot
THE BRITISH ARE COMING!!
As the British headed into Concord, Paul Revere and
another rider mounted their horses and rode as fast
as they could toward Lexington and Concord
Massachusetts yelling “The British are coming!! The
British are coming!!!”
The British
are
coming!
Lexington and Concord
• The next day on April 19, 1775 the English
redcoats and colonial minutemen began to fight
at in an open field at Lexington and Concord.
• The shots fired at Lexington and Concord in 1775
would represent the start of the American
Revolution.
“The Shot heard around the world…”
Lexington and Concord
1775
(Exit Ticket) Postcard
The year is 1765. Your neighbors are enraged by Britain's
attempt to tax them without the consent (agreement).
Britain has never done this before and everyone will be
affected by the new taxes. Write a postcard to your friend
who is a minuteman living in Concord discussing the
following things:
1) Why is King George taxing the people in the 13 colonies?
2) What tax do you hate the most?
3) What were the Sons of Liberty doing when you saw them at the
Boston Harbor?
4) Why did the British Soldiers come to Concord Massachusetts?
5) How do you feel about Paul Revere waking you up at midnight?
Why?