Transcript File

TOTALITARIAN
DICTATORS
Lecture
Five Freedoms
• Create THREE columns on a sheet of
paper with the following headings:
– Five freedoms I have
– Five rights or freedoms that are
restricted at school
– The reasons for the restrictions (Think:
why are you restricted from certain
activities and who does the restricting?)
Five Freedoms
• Pair Up
–Share what you came up with
• Share
–Let’s list some of your input on
the board
What’s the Difference?
Authoritarian
Totalitarian
• Having control,
but not total
control, over the
lives of the
people.
• Having total
control over the
lives of the
people.
Authoritarian vs. Totalitarian
• Authoritarian = Authority
• Totalitarian = Total
• What type of governance does
a school have?
• What actions would have to
occur for a school to move
from authoritarian governance
to totalitarian governance?
FAILURE OF VERSAILLES
The Versailles Treaty (above on crutches)
took a beating in the U.S. and abroad
• The peace settlement
that ended World War I
(Versailles Treaty)
failed to provide a “just
and secure peace” as
promised
• Instead Germany grew
more resentful of the
treaty they felt was too
harsh and too punitive
• This unrest gave rise
to an era of Dictators
Totalitarianism
• A country headed by a DICTATOR (one
person)
• One POLITICAL PARTY rules
• Individuals have little power, freedom or
rights.
• The government CONTROLS ALL
ASPECTS of life including religion,
speech, media and art
• No INDIVIDUAL privacy or FREEDOM
• Came to power after WW I.
Criteria of Totalitarian Regimes
• “…I saw a little boy, perhaps ten years
old, driving a huge carthorse along a
narrow path, whipping it whenever it
tried to turn. It struck me that if only
such animals became aware of their
strength we should have no power over
them…”
George Orwell
Criteria of Totalitarian Regimes
• Germany, the Soviet Union, and Italy had
dictatorships that were unique in the
history of the world. They went beyond
mere dictatorships. They were totalitarian
dictatorships.
• Their control went beyond traditional,
authoritarian dictatorships and
monarchies.
Criteria of Totalitarian Regimes
• Totalitarian dictatorships wanted total
control over the lives of their people.
• How did these totalitarian governments
achieve this kind of control?
• Dictators used 8 methods to gain total
control over their people.
• Just as the boy controlled the horse,
dictators were able to control people using
the following strategies…
Criteria of Totalitarian Regimes
•
•
•
•
•
Indoctrination • One Party
Rule
Propaganda
• Economic
Censorship
Control
Terror
•
Extreme
Charisma
Nationalism
Say, Mean, Matter
• As we go through each criteria of
Totalitarian regimes, complete your lecture
guide as follows:
– What does it say? (Read the definition and
underline important phrases.)
– What does it mean? (Put definition into your
own words.)
– Why does it matter? (Explain why principle is
important in totalitarian states.)
Say, Mean, Matter
Indoctrination
• To teach people
to accept a
system of beliefs
(thoughts)
without
questioning.
Propaganda
• Using
newspapers,
magazines, radio,
speeches, and
movies to give
people a one
sided message.
"Es lebe
Deutschland!”
– means “Long
Live Germany!”
Say, Mean, Matter
Censorship
• The removal of
anything
objectionable to
or critical of the
ruling party.
Terror
• The use of
violence or the
threat of violence
to produce fear
so that people will
obey the state.
Examples of the use of
terror to enforce the
will of the Totalitarian
– slave labor camps in
USSR, Mussolini’s
Secret Police, and the
Holocaust in Germany
Say, Mean, Matter
Charisma
• A quality about a
leader that makes
people eager to
follow him or her.
One Party Rule
• Only one political
party is allowed
to exist. It has
complete power.
Say, Mean, Matter
Economic Control
Extreme Nationalism
• The state decides • The belief by a
what will be made
group of people
and sold.
that their country
is better than any
other country.
TYPES OF TOTALITARIAN
LEADERS…
1.Fascist Totalitarian
2.Nazi Totalitarian
3.Communist Totalitarian
4.Militarist Totalitarian
FASCIST TOTALITARIAN
• Political movement that consists of
strong, centralized government
headed by powerful dictator
• Emphasized the state over
individuals
• Protect private property but control
production
• Fascists hate communists and
democracies.
• One political party = fascist
Benito Mussolini
Italy -Fascist Totalitarian
"Everything within the state, nothing against the state,
nothing outside the state." The masses should only
"believe, obey and fight." ~Mussolini
Francisco Franco
Spain -Fascist Totalitarian
NAZI TOTALITARIAN
• Emphasis on racism
• Political Party = Nazis
• Note: Hitler’s Germany was
also Facist…
Hitler
Germany- Nazi Totalitarian
COMMUNIST TOTALITARIAN
• Collective ownership &
centralized state planning
• One party system - communist
• Feared fascist dictators
Joseph Stalin
USSR -Communist Totalitarian
Militarist TOTALITARIAN
• Strong military
• Economy supports increasing size
and strength of military
• Aggressive Expansionism
• Aggressive militaristic actions
(atrocities in war)
• Revered by the people… “Godlike”
• Extreme nationalism
Emperor Hirohito &
Hideki Tojo
Hideki Tojo, Military Leader of Japan
• Japan had an emperor, but
the military took control of the
government
• Emperor Hirohito could not
stand up to the powerful
generals, but he was
worshipped by the people,
who often fought in his name
Hirohito, Emperor of
Japan
• Industrialization of Japan,
lending to a drive for raw
materials…spurs aggressive
expansion