Transcript indian issues - Jamestown Public Schools

The Indian Problem
Continues… (1850-1890)
They Just Won’t Leave!
The Plains
Indians
Problem
Things Aren’t Improving
U. S. Indian Policies
1.
2.
3.
4.
Move or Die! (1776 - 1850)
Get on a Reservation! (1850 - 1900)
Assimilate! (Be White!) (1900 - 1920)
You are on your own…Sort of! (1920s to
Present)
The Catch:
None of these really work smoothly
Problems with Indian/US Relations
•
•
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Westward Expansion of US
Culture Clash
Racism
Stereotyping
Reservations
Violence
Broken Promises (treaties)
• Reservations
• Areas set aside for Native
Americans to live.
• Made hunting buffalo
almost impossible
• Caused many conflicts
• Sand Creek
Massacre
(11/1864)
• Cheyenne refused to live on
reservations
• US troops kill 200 men,
women, and children in
Colorado
Cheyenne Tepee
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Sand Creek Massacre - US vs.
Cheyenne in Colorado - 11/1864
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“The only good Indian is a dead
Indian.”
-Philip Sheridan
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The phrase, “The only good Indian is a dead
Indian,” came from U.S. General Philip Sheridan
when a Comanche named Tosawi came to him to
sign a treaty after a U.S. victory over his tribe.
“Toswai, Good Indian,” said the Native American
leader. Sheridan replied, ”The only good Indians I
ever saw were dead.” The phrase has changed
slightly over time.
Genocide - The intentional killing of a particular
racial, cultural, or political group
• Battle of Little
Big Horn
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• Sioux Indians forced to live on a
reservation in the Black Hills of the
Dakota Terr.
• US Troops under George Custer
find gold there
• US tells Sioux to sell their
reservation
• Sioux leader, Sitting Bull, refuses
• Custer refuses back up, and
attacks
• All 264 US troops, including
Custer, were killed
• Last major Native American victory
out west
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QuickTime™ and a
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Custer’s
Men after
Little big
Horn (they
have
looked
better)
Little Big Horn Today
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Sitting
Bull
George Custer
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George Custer After Little Big Horn
• Massacre at
Wounded
Knee
• Sioux are again
refusing to live on
reservations after
Sitting Bull was killed
by reservation police
• US Army finds Sioux
camp at Wounded
Knee in South Dakota
• 150 Indians killed
• Last major battle on the
plains
The Dawes Act
or
“With friends like this, who needs
enemies?”
• Dawes Act (1887)
• Many people were looking for
better ways to deal with NA’s
• Seeks to get NA’s to adopt
white ways
• Reservation lands to be split
up for private ownership (160
acres/family for farming, 40
for normal purposes)
• Ended up taking 2/3’s of
reservation lands
• 90,000 NA’s are landless
• Dawes Act was a failure NA’s did not want a “white”
culture - humiliated
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The Dawes Act
leads to Indian
Land being sold
- Remember that
this is supposed
to be helping the
Indians
bright idea - “Hey - lets
• Indian Schools • Another
make Indians be like white people”
• Forced assimilation (teaching NA
children only white culture)
• Most famous was Carlisle Indian
School in Pennsylvania
• Kids were taken from their parents,
had their hair cut, taught English,
learned history from “white”
perspective, and learned “white
customs and traditions
• Punished for speaking native
languages
Indian Schools
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“History is the propaganda
of the victors.”
Tell the story of one event from today’s class from the
Native American point of view.
Possible topics:
Reservations
Little Big Horn/Custer’s Last Stand
Sand Creek Massacre
Dawes Act
Indian Schools