Transcript GNU Radio/USRP on the WINLAB ORBIT Nodes

GNU Radio/USRP
on the WINLAB
ORBIT Nodes
29 April 2009
James Sugrim
Rob Miller
The Story
• Software Defined Radio (SDR) progress
• Theory  Simulation  Experimentation
The Goal
Familiarity with WINLAB SDR resources.
(GNU Radio / USRP)
The Show So Far.
• Getting Started
– Where the USRPs are located
– Building your own image
• GNU Radio/USRP Overview
• Code Development
• Demonstration
Where the radios are…
In the “big” grid the following
nodes have USRPs:
[1,2],[1,19],[20,19],[10,11],[20,2],
[5,5],[5,15],[15,5],[15,15]
and USRP2s:
[18,3],[3,18]
In the Sandboxes,
SB5 has USRPs on nodes:
[1,1],[1,2]
Not to scale
Imaging SB5
(or the grid for that matter)
• There are reference images that are coupled with GNU
Radio software, the most recent is named
gnuradio-3.1.ndz
• Utilizing the omf (or orbit) facility we can bring up nodes
that have the software ready to be run.
Command Syntax:
> omf load NodeList ImageName
Where ImageName is the Image of interest, and NodeList is
specified as a bracketed, comma delimited list (e.g.
[1,1],[1,2],…). Keywords like all can be substituted for a list.
Example:
To load the GNU Radio image onto
Orbit nodes [1,2] and [20,19], use:
> omf load [[1,2],[20,19]] gnuradio-3.1.ndz
www.orbit-lab.org/wiki/Documentation/SupportedImages
Grow your own.
(Not recommended)
•
•
•
If the stock versions are not what you’re looking for
you can build your own image.
There is an apt package name gnuradio, don’t use it.
These additional sources were needed in the apt-list:
deb http://gnuradio.org/ubuntu stable main contrib
deb-src http://gnuradio.org/ubuntu stable main
deb http://ftp.at.debian.org/debian/ etch main non-free contrib
•
These additional package may be necessary:
sdcc
boost-build
wx-common
libqt3-mt-dev
libgsl0-dev
Guile
libcomedi-0.7.22
•
•
ssh2 – X11
exports
locales
Python
buildessentials
auto-make
subversion
It should be noted that the baseline image is based on debian
(and not ubuntu)
If you check out sources from SVN there is an additional step that precedes
running ./configure; ./bootstrap preconfigures configure?
So Happy Together…
• GNU Radio
Software “blocks” that run on the GPP
• Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP)
Channelizer, DUCs/DDCs, Interpolator/Decimator
• RF Daughterboards
RF Interface
Enter the USRP
• Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP)
–
–
–
–
ADC 64 Msps (4)
DAC 128 Msps (4)
USB 2.0 Interface*
Small FPGA†
* Bottleneck: 8 MHz, 16-bit complex samples
† Loads bitfile from the GPP
USRP2
•
•
•
•
•
•
Uses same RF Daughterboards as USRP
Gigabit Ethernet
100 Msps ADC (2)
400 Msps DAC (2)
Larger FPGA
SD card reader
RF Daughterboards
• Basic RX
Receiver for use with external RF hardware
• Basic TX
Transmitter for use with external RF hardware
• RFX2400
2.3-2.9 GHz Transceiver, 50+mW output
• RFX900
800-1000MHz Transceiver, 200+mW output
• RFX400
400 MHz - 500 MHz Transceiver, 100+mW output
• XCVR2450
2.4-2.5 GHz and 4.9 to 5.85 GHz Dual-band Transceiver,
100+mW output on 2.4 GHz, 50+mW output on 5GHz
Daughterboard Deployment
Node
Coordinate
USRP
Side A
USRP
Side B
(1,2)
(1,19)
(20,19)
(10,11)
(20,2)
(15,5)
(15,15)
(5,15)
(5,5)
FLEX-400
FLEX-400
FLEX-400
FLEX-400
FLEX-400
FLEX-900
XCVR-2450
FLEX-900
XCVR-2450
FLEX-2400
FLEX-2400
FLEX-2400
FLEX-2400
RFX-2400
RFX-2400
RFX-2400
FLEX-2400
RFX-2400
(18,3)*
(3,18)*
XCVR-2450
XCVR-2450
-
SB5(1,1)
SB5(1,2)
Basic TX/RX
Basic TX/RX
-
*USRP2
• Signal processing ‘blocks’
– Implemented in C++ but callable from python
• Program development
– ‘Glue’ together existing blocks in python
https://radioware.nd.edu/documentation/a-dictionary-of-the-gnu-radio-blocks
– Build your own
https://radioware.nd.edu/documentation/advanced-gnuradio
Simple Python Example
src0
dst
src1
Reference: www.joshknows.com
Simple USRP Example #1
#!/usr/bin/env python
from gnuradio import gr
from gnuradio import usrp
from optparse import OptionParser
from usrpm import usrp_dbid
u_source = usrp.source_c()
u_sink = usrp.sink_c()
import necessary modules
setup usrp as source and sink
subdev_Ar = usrp.selected_subdev(u_source, (0,0))
subdev_Br = usrp.selected_subdev(u_source, (1,0))
subdev_At = usrp.selected_subdev(u_sink, (0,0))
subdev_Bt = usrp.selected_subdev(u_sink, (1,0))
print "RX d'board %s" % (subdev_Ar.side_and_name(),)
print "RX d'board %s" % (subdev_Br.side_and_name(),)
print "TX d'board %s" % (subdev_At.side_and_name(),)
print "TX d'board %s" % (subdev_Bt.side_and_name(),)
File location: gr-utils\src\python\usrp_print_db.py
specify subdevices
print out names
Simple USRP Example #2
usrp
complex
head
complex
file sink
self.u = usrp.source_c(decim_rate=options.decim)
self.dst = gr.file_sink(gr.sizeof_gr_complex, filename)
self.head = gr.head(gr.sizeof_gr_complex, int(options.nsamples))
self.connect(self.u, self.head, self.dst)
options.rx_subdev_spec = usrp.pick_rx_subdevice(self.u)
self.u.set_mux(usrp.determine_rx_mux_value(self.u, options.rx_subdev_spec))
self.subdev = usrp.selected_subdev(self.u, options.rx_subdev_spec)
input_rate = self.u.adc_freq() / self.u.decim_rate()
self.subdev.set_gain(options.gain)
r = self.u.tune(0, self.subdev, options.freq)
File location: gr-utils\src\python\usrp_rx_cfile.py
key excerpts from
usrp_rx_cfile.py
Simple USRP Example #2
usrp
complex
head
complex
file sink
Goal: Collect 1 second of data at 2.41 GHz with
a sample rate of 500 KHz. Use Node (1,19) in
the ORBIT grid and store the data in myfile.dat
– Decimation: 64 MHz/500 KHz = 128
– 500 KHz x 1 second = 500e3 samples
Node
(1,19)
USRP Side A
FLEX-400
USRP Side B
FLEX-2400
>> ./usrp_rx_cfile.py –R B –f 2410M –d 128 –N 500e3 myfile.dat
File location: gr-utils\src\python\usrp_rx_cfile.py
Building the house block by block
• How-to-build-a-block
– Develop C++ signal processing
– Make callable from python (SWIG)
– Test the block
– Install and use the block
from gnuradio import myblock
Good starting points
radioware.nd.edu/documentation/advanced-gnuradio
www.gnu.org/software/gnuradio/doc/howto-write-a-block.html
Demo – Sandbox 5
• (1) benchmark_tx.py to usrp_fft.py
• (2) benchmark_tx.py to benchmark_rx.py
File locations: gr-utils\src\python\usrp_fft.py
gnuradio-examples\python\digital\benchmark_tx.py
gnuradio-examples\python\digital\benchmark_rx.py
USRP Debug Tidbit
• uUuUuU
USRP Underruns:
Not enough samples are ready to
send to USRP sink.
• uOuOuO
USRP Overruns:
USRP samples have been dropped
because they weren't read in time.
Suggestions
• Log into the sandbox and play!
Relevant References
•
•
•
•
•
www.ettus.com
www.gnu.org/software/gnuradio/
www.gnuradio.org
www.joshknows.com
radioware.nd.edu/documentation
– Dawei Shen tutorials moved here
– Dictionary of GNU Radio blocks
• www.orbit-lab.org
• www.gnu.org/software/gnuradio/doc/howto-write-a-block.html
Questions?
Extra Slides Follow
usrp.source_c (
int which_board,
unsigned int decim_rate,
int nchan = 1,
int mux = -1,
int mode = 0 )
USRP boot sequence
When the USRP is powered up, it puts the AD9862 is a low power state, and blinks
the led 3 times per second. The host (computer) detects a USB device 04b4:8613,
and therefore knows it is an unconfigured FX2 device. The driver will now load a
firmware into the FX2, and when it boots up, the host will now detect a different
USB device of fffe:0002. Using a capability of the newly loaded FX2 firmware, the
driver will now initialize the FPGA. Once that is done, boot is complete, and the
device is ready for tuning
Reference: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Software_Radio_Peripheral
Abstract
•
Recent advancements in the area of Software Defined Radio (SDR) have
opened the door for researchers to complement theoretical findings and
simulations with real world experimentation. A very popular SDR, used in
both academia and industry, is the Universal Software Radio Peripheral
(USRP). Much experimentation has been done using this SDR in
conjunction with GNU Radio signal processing blocks. The primary focus of
this talk is to get new users involved with the GNU Radio/USRP resources
available at WINLAB. In this talk, we will discuss how to access and develop
on these platforms. We will also provide a high level description of the
USRP architecture, and an overview of the steps involved in implementing
signal processing routines. Additionally, we will comment on lessons
learned regarding the installation of GNU Radio onto the WINLAB nodes.
Links and references to more detailed documentation will also be
provided.