Wireless communication
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Transcript Wireless communication
Wireless
communication
Emmanuel Gyebison
Transmission
Signals must be converted into digital values, using a
circuit called ADC (Analog to Digital Converter), before
they can be manipulated by digital equipment.
Whenever we need the analog signal back, the
opposite conversion is needed , which is done by a
circuit called Digital to Analog Converter(DAC).
ADC
The ADC circuit takes samples from the analog signal
from time to time, this is called sample rate. Each
sample will be converted into a number, based on its
voltage level.
DAC
During the digital to analog conversion, the numbers
will be converted again into voltages.
An algorithm is used to fill in spaces between points.
Noise and Signal-to-noise
ratio(SNR)
Noise is unwanted additions to signals.
Noise is created by a number of things such as electronics,
vibrations, and electromagnetic interference.
SNR is the level of desired single to the level of background
noise.
Under certain SNR, we can do coding and advanced
modulation.
Under certain environments, SNR can be increased, by
increasing the transmitting power.
BER
Bit error rate(BER) is the number of received bits of bit
errors divided by the total number of transferred bits
during a studied time.
To lower the BER different coding schemes are used
such as repeated code.
Repeated code is when you send the same code
multiple times.
Modulating
Modulation is the process of varying one or more
properties of a periodic waveform, this is done with a
carrier signal.
A carrier signal is usually at a higher frequency than the
signal with the information. After the signal has been
modulated the carrier signal contains the original
signal.
Demodulation
Demodulation is the act of extracting the original
information from the modulated carrier wave.
USRP Board
The Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP),
uses a daughterboard and a motherboard
a daughterboard, is used for analog operations
such as up/down-conversion, filtering, and other
signal conditioning.
A motherboard provides the following : clock
generation and synchronization, FPGA, ADCs,
DACs, host processor interface, and power
regulation.
Using usrp and FFT
With a code that was provided to me, I was able to get
a fast Fourier transform(FFT) graph of the Wi-Fi in this
building and of my home.
The federal communication commission (FCC) can use
this process to monitor frequencies, because there is a
designated broadcasting frequency, so the FCC can
see if someone is broadcasting out of the designated
frequency.