Transcript Introduction to Database Systems

Advance
Database Systems
Credit Hours: 3+0
BIT-7
By: Aatif Kamal
Dated : 3rd March 2008
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About the Instructor…
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Aatif Kamal
[email protected] ; [email protected]
Course Discussion Group
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Group email:
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http://groups.google.com/group/dbms-niit
[email protected]
Academic Block II, First Floor.
051- 9280658 Ext 137
Grading Policy
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Assignments [10%] .No late submissions will be allowed.
10/15-Minute Quizzes [10%]
All surprise quizzes. NO Makeup quizzes. No
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retake of quizzes.
Two One-Hour Tests (OHTs) [30%]
Project [10%]
Final Test [40%]
It is mandatory to maintain at least 75% class attendance
to be allowed to sit in Final Test.
Goals and Objectives
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The course goals are to introduce students to the Advance
Topics of Databases Systems.
DBMS are at the heart of modern commercial application
development.
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We will study
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use extends beyond this to many applications
Large amounts of data Storage with efficient update and retrieval.
File organization and indexing,
Relational model and query languages: relational algebra and SQL.
Query and transaction processing and Optimization
Concurrency and Data Recovery
Text Book & Reference Books
Text Book
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Fundamentals of Database Systems
by R. Elmasri and S. Navathe, 4th Edition 2006,
Benjamin/Cummings
Database Systems Concepts
By Abraham Silberschatz (Fifth Edition)
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Reference Books
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Modern Database management ,
Eight Edition, By Jefrey A. Hoffer & Mary B. Prescott.
A simplified
diagram to
illustrate
the main
phases of
database
design.
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Contents
Cont…
PART ONE
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Chapter 04 - Enhanced ER
 Overview of ER
 Specialization/ Generalization
 Constraints & Characteristics of Hierarchies
 Data Abstractions, UNIONS
 Mapping of EER
Chapter 10 - Functional Dependencies and Normalization for
Relational Databases
 Informal Design Guidelines for Relation Schemas
 Functional Dependencies
 Normal Forms Based on Primary Keys
 General Definitions of Second and Third Normal Forms
 Boyce-Codd Normal Form
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Contents
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Chapter 11 - Relational Database Design Algorithms
and Further Dependencies
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Cont…
Properties of Relational Decompositions
Algorithms for Relational Database Schema Design
Multivalued Dependencies and Fourth Normal Form
Join Dependencies and Fifth Normal Form
Inclusion Dependencies
Other Dependencies and Normal Forms
Contents
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PART TWO
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Chapter 13 - Disk Storage, Basic File Structures, and
Hashing
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Cont…
Secondary Storage Devices
Buffering of Blocks
Placing File Records on Disk
Operations on Files
Files of Unordered Records (Heap Files)
Files of Ordered Records (Sorted Files)
Hashing Techniques
Other Primary File Organizations
Parallelizing Disk Access Using RAID Technology
New Storage Systems
Contents
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Chapter 14 - Indexing Structures for Files
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14.1 Types of Single-Level Ordered Indexes
14.2 Multilevel Indexes
14.3 Dynamic Multilevel Indexes Using B-Trees and B+-Trees
14.4 Indexes on Multiple Keys
14.5 Other Types of Indexes
Chapter 6 - The Relational Algebra and Relational
Calculus
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Cont…
Unary Relational Operations: SELECT and PROJECT
Relational Algebra Operations from Set Theory
Binary Relational Operations: JOIN and DIVISION
Additional Relational Operations
Examples of Queries in Relational Algebra
Contents
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Chapter 15 - Algorithms for Query Processing
and Optimization
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Translating SQL Queries into Relational Algebra
Algorithms for External Sorting
Algorithms for SELECT and JOIN Operations
Algorithms for PROJECT and SET Operations
Implementing Aggregate Operations and OUTER JOINS
Combining Operations Using Pipelining
Using Heuristics in Query Optimization
Using Selectivity and Cost Estimates in Query Optimization
Overview of Query Optimization in Oracle
Semantic Query Optimization
Chapter 16 - Physical Database Design and Tuning
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Cont…
Physical Database Design in Relational Databases
An Overview of Database Tuning in Relational Systems
Contents
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Cont…
PART THREE
 Chapter 17 - Introduction to Transaction Processing
Concepts and Theory
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Introduction to Transaction Processing
Transaction and System Concepts
Desirable Properties of Transactions
Characterizing Schedules Based on Recoverability
Characterizing Schedules Based on Serializability
Transaction Support in SQL
Contents
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Chapter 18 - Concurrency Control Techniques
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Cont…
Two-Phase Locking Techniques for Concurrency Control
Concurrency Control Based on Timestamp Ordering
Multiversion Concurrency Control Techniques
Validation (Optimistic) Concurrency Control Techniques
Granularity of Data Items and Multiple Granularity Locking
Using Locks for Concurrency Control in Indexes
Other Concurrency Control Issues
Contents
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Chapter 19 - Database Recovery Techniques
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Recovery Concepts
Recovery Techniques Based on Deferred Update
Recovery Techniques Based on Immediate Update
Shadow Paging
The ARIES Recovery Algorithm
Recovery in Multidatabase Systems
Database Backup and Recovery from Catastrophic Failures
Cont…
Lab Work
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Although course got no Labs but still
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We will have Five special sessions in Lab to get hands on
experience of Database Systems advance administration
We will using IBM – DB2 for practice.
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This give you exposure to another world leading DBMS
For the lab IBM Pakistan has arranged Certified DB2
Administrator, who will be also sharing his industry
experience
For this we will using IBM RedBoooks
Computer Usage
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IBM DB2 SERVER
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(Relational Database Management System)
MS Visio Professional 2002 and Rational Data Modler
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(A CASE Tool for Modeling)
Essence of Database Systems
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Essential part of an education in computer science,
Why?
Evolved from a specialized computer application to a
central component of a modern computer
environment.
To name a few applications:
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Banking, Ticket reservation, Student registration, Credit and
transaction, Telecommunication, Finance, Sales, Manufacturing,
Human resources, Bioinformation, Astronomy.
Active, temporal, Multimedia & Web database .
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Advance Database's Concepts
Basic Definitions
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Data – Facts that can be recorded and have implicit
meaning.
Database – a collection of related data, preserved over a
long period, organized for access and modification.
Data Base Management Systems (DBMS) – a
collection of programs that enables users to create and
maintain a database.
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Defining, constructing and manipulating databases.
Advance Database's Concepts
Characteristics – I
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Existence of a catalog.
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program-data & Program-operation independence.
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Self-describing nature of a database system.
Meta data in catalog describes the structure of the primary
databases.
A general purpose DBMS can be used by any application.
Insulation between Program and Data.
Data abstraction – conceptual representation.
Advance Database's Concepts
Characteristics – II
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Support of multiple user views.
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Sharing of data among multiple transactions.
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View: a subset of data or virtual data.
Sharing among multi-user.
Concurrency control.
Advance Database's Concepts
Advantages -I
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Controlling Redundancy.
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Restricting unauthorized access.
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Security and authorization subsystem.
Providing persistent storage for program objects
and data structure.
Permitting inferrencing and actions by using rules.
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Duplication of efforts.
Wastage of storage space.
Inconsistence data.
Replication.
Deductive database systems.
Active database systems.
Advance Database's Concepts
Advantages -II
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Providing multiple user interfaces.
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Query languages.
Programming language interface.
Form-style interface.
Menu-driven interface.
Representing complex relationships among data.
Enforcing integrity constraints.
Providing backup and recovery.
Advance Database's Concepts
Components -I
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Storage Manager.
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Query Processor.
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Storing data, metadata, indexes, logs.
Buffer manager – keeps data in main memory.
Parses queries.
Optimizes queries by selecting a cost-effective plan.
Executes the plan on the stored data.
Advance Database's Concepts
Components - II
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Transaction Processor.
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Logging database changes in order to recover from a system
crash.
Concurrent execution of transactions in a way to assures
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Atomicity.
Isolation.
Advance Database's Concepts
Thanks
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Advance Database's Concepts