Transcript 2204_F_2016-06-24_09-37

Large Valorisation on
Sustainability of Steel
Structures
Assesment and valorisation tool for the
sustainability of steel structures
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•
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M. Netusil & F.Wald
Czech Technical University in Prague
Faculty of Civil Engineering
Department of Steel and Timber Structures
CESB2016 – 23.6.2016
AMECO General presentation
AMECO :
Software to deal with Life Cycle Assessment of bridges and buildings
with structural steel
Calculations according to ISO 14040 & 44
Free tool developed by CTICM (France) on the behalf of ArcelorMittal
and disseminated by several partners under RFS2-CT-2013-00016 LVS3
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AMECO General presentation
AMECO includes following modules:
Module A :
Production stage (Raw material supply, transport, manufacturing)
Construction stage (transport, construction)
Module B : Use stage
Module added in AMECO version 3 in the frame of LVS3 project
For buildings only
An option is available to ignore this module during calculations
Module C : End-of-life stage (deconstruction, transport, waste process,
disposal)
Module D : Benefits and loads beyond system boundaries (Reuse,
recycling and recovery)
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Definition of the frontiers of the system
Production and
manufacturing
impacts here
B5
C1
B6
Operational energy
use
B7
Operational water use
Mandatory
EPD cradle-to-gate
Optional
Mandatory
EPD cradle-to-gate with
option
EPD cradle-to-grave
C2
C3
C4
D
Reuse- RecoveryRecycling- potential
Construction –
installation process
B4
Disposal
Transport
B3
Waste processing
Manufacturing
B2
Transport
Transport
B1
Deconstruction
demolition
A5
Refurbishment
A4
Replacement
A3
Benefits and
loads beyond
the system
boundary
END-OF-LIFE stage
Repair
A2
USE stage
Maintenance
A1
Raw material supply
PRODUCT
stage
Use
CONSTRUCTI
ON PROCESS
stage
Benefits of
recycling
calculated here
Optional
Mandatory
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Functional unit
• Keyword #1, the functional unit: object of an LCA study
– Examples: 1m² of cladding, 1 beam for a specific span and load,
– Comparisons between products only for equivalent functions
vs.
1kg steel
vs.
1kg concrete
1m steel barrier
Global Warming for 1 kg
1m concrete barrier
Global Warming for 1 m of barrier
1,4
1,2
1
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
0
150
100
50
0
Steel
Steel barrier
Concrete
AMECO
Concrete Barrier
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AMECO General operation
AMECO general organisation
Based on a user friendly multilingual interface
For windows OS (from Vista
versions)
Menus and toolbar
Tabs
Definition of the parameters
through windows selected by
tabs
Definition zone
Notification zone
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AMECO Definition of a building
Main parameters for the definition of a building in AMECO (1st tab)
Building defined by its main dimensions
- Width of each façade
- Height between floors
- Number of floors
4 possible types of buildings : residential, offices, industrial or
commercial
The User has to define the location of the building among one of the 52
European cities already included in the geographical database of
AMECO
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AMECO Definition of a building
Data included in AMECO for each location :
For each month of the year
Outside temperature
Solar incident radiation for each of the 4 main orientations (S, W, N, E)
Night fraction of the day
Type of climatic region (5 possible choices)
Dfc
Dfb
Cfb
Csb
Csa
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AMECO Definition of a building
Definition of the facades (2nd tab)
Façade areas automatically calculated
Definition of opening areas for each façade by the User
Definition of the type of façade through a list of macro-components
Light steel panel walls, double clay walls
For each one, several type of insulation
Data associated to each macro component : U values, Recycling rates,
LCA impact coefficients (see background document)
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AMECO Definition of a building
Definition of the facades
Definition of the type of glazing through a list of macro-components
Double glazing, several emissivity types
Definition of the shading and shutter devices
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AMECO Definition of a building
Definition of the base floor (3rd tab)
2 types of base floors
- Slab on ground floor
- Suspended floor
Definition of the masses of concrete and reinforcement for base floor
Definition of the roof (4th tab)
2 types of roofs (macro-components)
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AMECO Definition of a building
Display of the occupancy data (5th tab)
Occupancy data are not modifiable. They are linked to the type of
building :
- heating temperature
- cooling temperature
- air flow rate (heating and cooling)
- occupancy and light period of the day
Residential building light
Kitchen and living area
Gain
From
To
(W/m2)
Monday to
Friday
Saturday
and
Sunday
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17
23
7
17
23
17
23
7
17
23
7
0
10
0
10
10
0
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Other conditioned areas
Gain
From
To
(W/m2)
7
17
23
7
17
23
17
23
7
17
23
7
0
5
0
5
5
0
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AMECO Definition of a building
Definition of the systems in the building (6th tab)
Heating system : electric resistance, gas fuel heater, liquid fuel h., solid
fuel h., split, no heating
Cooling system : split, absorption cooling device, compression cooling
device, no cooling
Mechanical ventilation unit with or without heat recovery system
(definition of the efficiency and heat recovery percentage)
Domestic Hot Water : electric boiler, gas boiler, stand alone water heater,
no DHW
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AMECO Definition of a building
Definition of the structure of the building (7th tab)
Steel columns (mass)
Steel beams
Studs
Bolts
Plate for connections
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AMECO Definition of a building
Definition of the structural systems of floors in the building (8th tab)
Type of slabs : plain slab, composite slab, permanent formwork,
prefabricated, dry floors
Several types of steel sheeting proposed from database
Type of concrete (poured in situ or prefabricated elements)
Concrete grade
Steel reinforcement
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AMECO Definition of a building
Definition of transport conditions for the elements used the building (9th tab)
Either average (european data) or user defined values
User defined values : by electric trains or by regular trucks, with the
definition of the distances
For concrete elements, distance by mixer trucks (poured in situ) or by
regular trucks (prefabricated elements)
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AMECO Results
Following impacts are calculated and displayed (10th tab) :
Global warming potential
Ozone depletion potential
Acidification potential
Use of renewable primary energy
Use of non renewable fuel energy
Use of fresh water
…..
A total of 24 impacts
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AMECO Results
Several type of graphical outputs
Bar charts
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AMECO Results
Tables
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AMECO Results
Radial graphics
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AMECO Results
All data, parameters and results can also be displayed, saved and printed from a
calculation report
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AMECO Case study – Office building
The Objective of this study is to compare the environmental
quality of an office building made with different type of
structural systems
Three types of structural systems are analyzed:
– steel-concrete composite structure
– concrete structure
– optimized steel-concrete composite structure (this
optimization has been done on the basis of an ECODesign)
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Definition of the building
• Dimensions of the building plan: 42x24 m
• Number of levels in the superstructure (excluding ground
floor): 8 levels
• Located in Paris
42 m
Offices Nord
5m
Offices Est
Offices West
Meeting
Room1
WC 2
WC 1
Meeting
Room 2
24 m
Circulation
5m
Offices South
6m
6m
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Occupancy and systems
Office
building type
• Heating & cooling: split system
• Mechanical ventilation with a
heat recovery system
• DHW system: electrical boiler
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Strucutral systems
• Composite structure
– Steel profiles in S355
– Steel Deck COFRA+60 with 15 cm of concrete
(C30/37)
– Stabilisation by central concrete core (C30/37)
• Concrete structure
– Prefabricated hollow core slab (C30/37)
– Steel reinforced concrete for the beams and
columns (C30/37)
– Stabilisation by central concrete core (C30/37)
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Strucutral systems
• Eco-optimised Composite structure
– Steel profiles in S460
– Steel Deck COFRA+60 with 15 cm of concrete
(C30/37)
– Stabilisation by steel bracing (S460)
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Transport
• Transport of Steel :
– Total weight : 369.6 t
– Transport : 500 km by regular
trucks
• Transport of Concrete :
– Total weight : 4676 t
– Transport : 50km by mixer
trucks
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Results
• The use phase
(module B)
accounts for about
91% of the global
GWP impact, for
any type of
structure
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Results – optimized steel x concrete
Global Warming Potential (t CO 2 eq)
1600
1400
1200
+82%
1000
800
600
400
200
0
-200
Module A
Steel S460
Beams
Columns
Module A
Concrete
Module C
Steel S460
Plates connections
Module C
Concrete
Reinforcement
Module D
Steel S460
Floor sheets
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Module D
Concrete
Total A to C
Steel S460
Concrete of structure
Total A to C
Concrete
Concrete slabs
Total A to D
Steel S460
Envelope
Total A to D
Concrete
Transport
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Results – conclusions
• Low influence of the structural system on the global
environmental impacts of the building, in comparison
with exploitation and activity of buildings
• Advantages in the field of environmental footprint to
use composite Steel and Concrete structure (best
configurations for both materials)
• Structures more sustainable thanks to the recycling
of material at the end of life (infinite recycling of steel
and valorization of crushed concrete) = use of the
Module D
• Minimizing the use of material by using High strength
steel – where it is feasible….
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MATERIALS TO DOWNLOAD
The software Ameco 3 can be downloaded from the website
http://steel.fsv.cvut.cz/LVS3 including background materials and more case
studies including their validation comparing with other methodology.
International website of the project is http://sustainable-steel.eu/index.html, where
all documents are available in 17 languages including the software and smart
phone app.
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THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION
[email protected]
Questions?
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