Transcript 美国十大标志性建筑
美国十大标志性建筑 1. The Empire State Building The Empire State Building is a 102-story Art Deco skyscraper in New York City at the intersection of Fifth Avenue and West 34th Street. Its name is derived from the nickname for the state of New York. It stood as the world's tallest building for more than forty years, from its completion in 1931 until construction of the World Trade Center's North Tower was completed in 1972. Following the destruction of the World Trade Center in 2001, the Empire State Building again became the tallest building in New York City and New York State. The Empire State Building has been named by the American Society of Civil Engineers as one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World. The building and its street floor interior are designated landmarks of the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, and confirmed by the New York City Board of Estimate.[3] It was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1986. In 2007, it was ranked number one on the List of America's Favorite Architecture according to the AIA. The building is owned and managed by W&H Properties. 2.纽约中央火车站（Grand Central Terminal）， 纽约中央火车站位于美国曼哈顿中心，始建于 1903年，1913年2月2日正式启用。纽约中央火车 站是由美国铁路之王范德比尔特家族建造，是纽 约著名的地标性建筑，也是一座公共艺术馆。它 是世界上最大，美国最繁忙的火车站，同时它还 是纽约铁路与地铁的交通中枢。 3.Mount Rushmore拉什莫尔山 Mount Rushmore is a memorial to the birth， growth， preservation and development of the United States of America. Gutzon Borglum sculpted busts of Presidents George Washington， Thomas Jefferson， Theodore Roosevelt， and Abraham Lincoln high in the Black Hills to represent the first 150 years of American history. The primary resource at Mount Rushmore is the granite sculpture itself， but also of interest is the Sculptor's Studio built under the direction of Sculptor Gutzon Borglum in 1939. Unique plaster models and tools related to the sculpting process are displayed in the studio. 4. The White House For almost two hundred years, the White House has stood as a symbol of the Presidency, the United States government, and the American people. Its history, and the history of the nation's capital, began when President George Washington signed an Act of Congress in December of 1790 declaring that the federal government would reside in a district "not exceeding ten miles square...on the river Potomac." President Washington, together with city planner Pierre L'Enfant, chose the site for the new residence, which is now 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue. As preparations began for the new federal city, a competition was held to find a builder of the "President's House." Nine proposals were submitted, and Irish-born architect James Hoban won a gold medal for his practical and handsome design. 5. The Liberty Statue It was to be another two years before it could be properly unveiled: money had to be collected to fund the construction of the base, and for some reason Americans were unwilling or unable - to dip into their pockets. Only through the campaigning efforts of newspaper magnate Joseph Pulitzer, a keen supporter of the statue, did it all come together in the end. Richard Morris Hunt built a pedestal around the existing starshaped Fort Wood, and Liberty was formally dedicated by President Cleveland on October 28, 1886, in a flag-waving shindig that has never really stopped. The statue was closed for a few years in the mid-1980s for extensive renovation and, in 1986, fifteen million people descended on Manhattan for the statue's centennial celebrations. The statue, which depicts Liberty throwing off her shackles and holding a beacon to light the world, was the creation of the French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, who crafted it a hundred years after the American Revolution in recognition of solidarity between the French and American people (though it's fair to add that Bartholdi originally intended the statue for Alexandria in Egypt). Bartholdi built Liberty in Paris between 1874 and 1884, starting with a terracotta model and enlarging it through four successive versions to its present size, a construction of thin copper sheets bolted together and supported by an iron framework designed by Gustave Eiffel. The arm carrying the torch was exhibited in Madison Square Park for seven years, but the whole statue wasn't officially accepted on behalf of the American people until 1884, after which it was taken apart, crated up and shipped to New York. Today you can climb steps up to the crown, but the cramped stairway though the torch sadly remains closed to the public. Don't be surprised if there's an hour-long wait to ascend. Even if there is, Liberty Park's views of the lower Manhattan skyline, the twin towers of the World Trade Center lording it over the jutting teeth of New York's financial quarter, are spectacular enough. 6. Washington Monument Washington Monument The Malls most prominent feature, the Washington Monument is an unadorned marble obelisk built in memory of George Washington. At 555ft its the tallest all-masonry structure in the world. Volunteers started work on it in 1848, but various internal arguments, and later the Civil War, so disrupted construction that it wasnt completed until 1884. When the US Government took over the project in 1876, they used marble from a slightly different source; the transition line where work resumed at the 150ft level is readily apparent. To visit the monument pick up a free ticket from the 15th St kiosk (on the Mall, south of Constitution Ave), which allows you to turn up at a fixed time later in the day. The elevator up takes seventy seconds and deposits you at the 500ft level in order to enjoy the monuments panoramic 360° views of the city 7.战争墙/越南阵亡将士纪念碑(the Vietnam Veterans Memorial) ，坐落在华盛顿特区。整个建筑由两面有黑色石头组成的 V字造型组成，上面按照死亡日期和失踪年月刻满了在越 战中失去的58000名美国士兵。曾有人批评建筑过于简单 了，可它每年仍吸引着超过150万游客来参观。 战争墙于1982年开放，是十大建筑中，最晚设计和建 造的，建筑师是年仅21岁的耶鲁在校学生Maya Lin。还有 一个理由让我们记住这个华裔女孩，近代史上的大才女林 徽因是她的姑姑，可算是出身建筑世家。 越战纪念碑，简单利落的线条，敞开的大角度V，一端 指着林肯纪念碑，另一端指着华盛顿纪念碑。在两端与地 平线合而为一，还有黑色的大理石镶嵌在高度的落差之中。 就是这么简单，所以震撼如此深刻。读到的说明中有形容 它是一本敞开着的大书。当沿着他顺着走下时，就好像是 在阅读着叙述越南战争历史的书，黑色的大理石上封存着 一去不复返的士兵的名字。没有说明，什么都没有。很严 肃，很静，却静水流深的感觉。 8.Golden Gate Bridge The orange towers of the Golden Gate Bridge-probably the most beautiful, certainly the most photographed bridge in the world-are visible from almost every point of elevation in San Francisco. The only cleft in Northern California's 600-mile continental wall, for years this mile-wide strait was considered unbridgeable. As much an architectural as an engineering feat, the Golden Gate took only 52 months to design and build, and was opened in 1937. Designed by Joseph Strauss, it was the first really massive suspension bridge, with a span of 4200ft, and until 1959 ranked as the world's longest. It connects the city at its northwesterly point on the peninsula to Marin County and Northern California, rendering the hitherto essential ferry crossing redundant, and was designed to withstand winds of up to a hundred miles an hour and to swing as much as 27ft. 9.The Pentagon The Pentagon is the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense, located at 48 N. Rotary Road, Arlington, Virginia 22211 (Map). Its mailing address is "Washington, DC 20301." As a symbol of the US military, "the Pentagon" is often used metonymically to refer to the Department of Defense rather than the building itself. Those who work within its walls often simply call it the Building. The building was dedicated on January 15, 1943. It is the highest-capacity office building in the world and one of the world's largest buildings in terms of floor area. It houses approximately 23,000 military and civilian employees and about 3,000 non-defense support personnel. It has five sides, five floors above ground (plus two basement levels), and five ring corridors per floor with a total of 17.5 miles (28 km) of corridors. Before the September 11, 2001 attacks, an escalator ran from the Metro station to the Pentagon lobby. After the attack this escalator was blocked off and later removed as part of the Pentagon Renovation Program 10. the Lincoln Memorial the lincoln memorial is a fitting tribute to the man who held the country together during the civil war and thereby put an end to slavery in the us. a craggy likeness of abraham lincoln sits firmly grasping the arms of his throne-like chair， apparently deep in thought， while inscriptions of lincoln's two most celebrated speeches the gettysburg address and the second inaugural address are carved on north and south walls. That’s all Thank you!