Transcript 1. EPCs for new buildings

Your Course Tutor
is
Tony Balaam
Sustainability Consultant
Introduction
Attendees:
Please provide the following:
 Your name, affiliation/ job you undertake.
 History that may be of relevance to the
course?
 Any previous experience with Energy
Performance Certificates and
Recommendation reports.
 Any previous experience in energy
assessments or audits.
Introduction
Proceedings of the Course:
 If you have a question – please ask
 Flexibility – in addition to the core materials we will
respond to your interests and queries.
 Participating in the use of the Department of
Community and Local Government (DCLG)
software is essential (Workshop).
 Workshop will assist you in the production of your
certificates and recommendation reports that you
will require to qualify
Introduction
• STROMA Accreditation Ltd.
– Founded in November 2007.
– Providing Training and Accreditation.
• Code for Sustainable Homes.
• Air Permeability.
• EPC Domestic, Commercial & Public Buildings.
– New Build & Existing.
– Sister company to Stroma Technology Ltd, a testing
and consultancy company within the building industry,
founded in 2002.
– Now we are called ‘STROMA CERTIFICATION’
Level 4
Energy Assessor Training
1.0 - Producing EPCs for
New Buildings
Question – are you ready?
Also, what do you expect from this course or what have you perceived with the
information you have got from STROMA?
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
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LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
Level ‘4’ Energy Assessors
• 1.0 Definitions and Limitations of a Level ‘4’ Assessor
• 2.0 Legislation and requirements of EPCs for Level ‘4’ Buildings
• 3.0 Producing EPCs for New Buildings
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Understanding Building Regulations ADL2A
Defining and Calculating BER and TER
Gathering of information for new build EPCs
Interpreting Construction Drawings and information gathering
Factors relevant to determining ‘Energy Performance’ of New Build
• 4.0 Differences in data input for New Buildings (iSBEM)
• 5.0 Calculating U-Values
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
1.0 Definitions and Limitations of a Level 4 Assessor
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The criteria for the ‘Level 4 course’ is for sites or buildings
above 100 kW for heating plant and 12 kW for Air Conditioning
plant.
You should have achieved ‘ABBE Level 3’ through either the
examination route or shown competency through the ‘APEL
route’ or equivalent
The topics to be covered in your ‘Level 4 course’ are detailed
in handout 1
It also shows you the topics you should have covered on your
‘Level 3’ syllabus
‘Level 4’ requires you to undertake 300 Guided learning hours
of reading, as in Level 3, but expanding on the topics identified
in syllabus 4.
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
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ABBE Level 4 Diploma in Non Domestic
Energy Assessment
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National Occupational Standard Units 1, 2, 5 & 6
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ABBE Examination - 60 minutes
- 40 questions
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Portfolio of Evidence - Including 3 EPC’s
1. Industrial unit – Day 4 of Level 3
2. Simulation offices
3. Your own finding
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
Unit
Title
Notional hours(glh)
1
Work in a safe, effective and professional
manner
60 Guided learning hrs
2
Prepare for energy assessments of nondwellings to produce EPC’s
60 Guided learning hrs
3
Assess the energy performance of new
build non-dwellings prior to first
occupancy using the Simplified Building
Energy model (SBEM)
90 Guided learning hrs
6
Undertake energy inspections of existing
non-dwellings using the SBEM
90 Guided learning hrs
(including the exam @ 5
hours)
What questions will be in the
exam ?
Currently the format of the ABBE exam is as
follows:
2 - questions on building construction (property age and
type – recognition and importance)
8 - questions on building construction ( Building elements)
6 - questions on Building services (Natural, mechanical
ventilation and air conditioning)
6 - questions on building services (other mechanical and
electrical services)
8 - questions on energy efficiency (including low and zero
carbon technologies)
10 - questions on Building Regulations ( requirements for
new build)
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
2.0 Legislation and requirements of EPCs for Level 4
Buildings
• Timeline remains unchanged;
– EPCs required on construction, sale or rent of buildings;
• Over 10,000m2 – 6th April 2008 – Now Passed
• Over 2,500m2
– 1st July 2008 – Now Passed
• All remaining buildings
st
– 1 October 2008
• EPCs for New Buildings contain exactly the same information as for
existing buildings
• EPCs for New Buildings must have been completed by an
Accredited, ‘Level 4 Energy Assessor’
• ‘Recommendation Report’ still required for New Buildings
• EPC for New Build should always be slightly better or equal to the ‘If
newly built’ rating on the EPC, which is the benchmark required to
achieve Part ‘L’ Compliance
Level 4 CO2 Reduction Targets
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
3.0 Producing EPCs for New Buildings
• EPCs for new buildings are required on construction
– Likely enforced by ‘Building Control body’ as a requirement for
handover
– Must be provided to the ‘building owner’, most likely through the main
contractor
• Part ADL2A Compliance Calculations are required at ‘As-Designed’
and ‘As-Built’ stages
• EPC result should reflect the same result as the ‘As-Built’
compliance calculation
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
Using the Approved document ‘ADL2A’
• The Approved Documents are intended to provide guidance
for common building situations.
• As they only provide guidance, there may be alternative
ways of achieving compliance .
• Therefore there is no obligation to adopt any particular
solution within the Approved Document.
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
Using the Approved document ‘ADL2A’
• Frequently the Approved Document will make reference to
second tier documents and British standards like:• ATTMA TS1 (Air permeability measurement).
• Non Domestic Heating Cooling and Ventilation Compliance
guide.
• Low or Zero Carbon Energy Sources: Strategic Guide.
• CIBSE TM31 (Building Log Books) .
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
Reasonable provision shall be made for the conservation of
fuel and power in buildings by:
•Limiting heat gains and losses:
• Through thermal elements and other parts of the building fabric; and
• From pipes, ducts and vessels used for space heating, space cooling and hot water
service
•Providing and commissioning energy efficient fixed building services with
effective controls:
•Providing to the owner sufficient information about the building, the fixed
building services and their maintenance requirements so that the building can
be operated in such a manner as to use no more fuel and power than is
reasonable in the circumstances.
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
Understanding Building Regulations ‘ADL2A’
• Building design standards are set out in UK Building Regulations
• Approved Document ADL2A governs the ‘Conservation of Fuel and
Power in New Buildings other than Dwellings’
• Calculation of CO2 emissions form part of compliance
• Compliance with ADL2A is set out by 5 criteria;
Criterion 1: Achieving an acceptable Building CO2 Emission Rate (BER)
Criterion 2: Limits on Design Flexibility
Criterion 3: Limiting the effects of Solar Gain in Summer
Criterion 4: Quality of Construction and Commissioning
Criterion 5: Providing Information
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
Criterion 1: Achieving an Acceptable ‘BER’
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BER is calculated using ‘SBEM’ or ‘DSM’ software
Same approach as producing EPCs – Different output
– Building CO2 Emission Rate (BER) calculated
– Target CO2 Emission Rate (TER) calculated
– Achieve compliance with Criterion 1 if ‘BER’ is less than ‘TER’
Criterion 2: Limits on Design Flexibility
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Limits on building fabric U-values (Set out in Table 4)
– Walls 0.35 W/m2K, Roof 0.25 W/m2K, Glazing 2.2 W/m2K etc
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Limits on Building Services design
– Specific fan power, heating and cooling plant seasonal efficiencies, controls,
energy meters, insulation, lighting etc
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
Criterion 3: Limiting the effects of Solar Gain in Summer
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For occupied spaces not served by air conditioning systems provisions
should be made to limit solar gains to reduce internal temperatures in
summer
Reasonable provision to show for all occupied spaces without air
conditioning that;
a.
b.
when subject to solar irradiances for July, combined solar and internal gains,
averaged over the period 0630 to 1630, is no greater than 35 W/m2
The operative temperature in the conditioned space does not exceed a
threshold temperature for more than a reasonable number of hours per year.
(Schools and offices - 28 deg.C at 1% of the occupied hours)
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Limiting of solar gains can be achieved by appropriate combination of
window sizing and orientation, solar protection through shading and other
solar control measures and using thermal capacity coupled with night
ventilation
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Supporting data and guidance for calculation (a.) can be found in;
[1] TM37 Design for Improved Solar Shading Control, CIBSE, 2006
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
Limiting of solar gains
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
Limiting the effects of solar gains in summer
• Limiting solar gains for all occupied spaces is required
under ADL2A, spaces excluded from this criterion are:
• Unoccupied atria, used to drive natural ventilation.
• Spaces adjacent to display glazing not served by air
conditioning.
• Stacks.
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
Areas covered by the Approved document
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The construction of new buildings other than dwellings
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Fit out works ( May come under ADL2B)
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Non dwelling extensions with a Total Useful Floor Area over 100m2 and
greater than 25% of the existing buildings total useful floor area.
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In the context of buildings containing both dwellings and communal areas
the communal areas will come under ADL2A, as the dwellings will be
assessed on an individual basis under ADL1A.
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Modular buildings/ temporary buildings require assessing under ADL2A, if
they are designed to be in use for more than two years.
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
The Few Exemptions from Part ‘L’
• Industrial buildings of low energy requirements for space heating
such as foundries, forging and hot processes, furthermore low
energy agricultural buildings are exempt from Part L
• Places of Worship
• Stand-alone buildings with a total useful floor area of less than <50
sq.m that are not dwellings.
• Temporary Buildings designed with a useful life of less than 2 years
• EPCs are not required on sale or rent for buildings due to be
demolished.
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
Design Limits for Envelope standards
– Limiting U Value Standards
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
Calculation of the ‘TER’ – Deriving the Notional Building
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A figure must be calculated for the CO2 emissions for the notional building
(Cnotional):
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For the purposes of ‘ADL2A’ the ‘Notional Building’, must;
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Be the same size and shape as the actual building: and
Comply with the energy performance values set out in the detailed definition of the notional building
as set out in the SBEM in respect of both the building fabric and the fixed building services.
Have the same area of vehicle access doors and display windows as the actual building; and
Exclude any service that is not a fixed building service
Have the same activity areas and classes of building services as in the actual building, all selected
from the pre defined list incorporated into SBEM.
Be subject to the occupancy times and environmental conditions defined by activity.
Be subject to the climate defined by the CIBSE Test Reference Year for the site that is most
appropriate to the location of the actual building: and
Assume mains gas as the heating fuel where it is to be used in the actual building, but otherwise
assume oil.
Assume grid mains electricity will be used as the energy source for all other building services.
Use the CO2 emission factors for each given fuel type.
Assume the most energy intensive fit-out specifications will be adopted throughout where a building
is proposed for approval.
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
Defining and Calculating ‘BER’ and ‘TER’
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Building Emission Rate (BER) is calculated as the annual CO2 emission
rate, in kg.CO2/m2, for the building as constructed
Software generates a ‘Notional Building’ of same size, shape, orientation
and activity type, with design limits applied for U-values and building
services and calculates the emission rate for the notional building, Cnotional
Target Emission Rate (TER) is calculated from;
TER = Cnotional x (1 – IF) x (1 – LZC Benchmark), where;
– ‘IF’ is the Improvement Factor (0.15 for buildings with natural ventilation, 0.2 for
buildings with mechanical ventilation or air conditioning); and
– ‘LZC’ Benchmark is 0.1 for all new buildings
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
STROMA Certification
23%
TER
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
Air Permeability and pressure testing requirements
• Requirements under ADL2A 2006:
• All buildings that are not dwellings, (including extensions
being treated as new build under part L) require pressure
testing.
• Only buildings with a floor area below 500m2 can be exempt
from pressure testing if a result of 15 m3.h.m2@50Pa can be
adopted when calculating the BER.
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
Air Permeability and pressure testing requirements
• Pressure testing was first mentioned in the ADL1A 2002:
• Requirement for Buildings with a floor area over 1,000m2 to be
pressure tested and achieve a result of <10m3.h.m2@50Pa.
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
Gathering information for New Build EPCs
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Information required is essentially the same as for existing buildings
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Whereas assumptions are acceptable for EPCs on existing buildings where
information cannot be gathered due to age of installations, no such
assumptions should be made for new buildings
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Information should be provided by members of the design team, notably;
– Architect – Floor Plan, Section and Elevation Drawings and U-values
– M&E Consultant (or M&E Contractor for Design & Build projects)
– M&E installation drawings, plant technical data, lighting layouts etc
– Main Contractor – Air leakage test result, may often pull information together
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Where information is provided, ensure that it is ‘As-Built’ or ‘As-Installed’
issue. Design stage information is not acceptable for EPCs.
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It is acceptable to complete EPC without visiting site for New Build, however
you should do all you can to ensure the information provided is accurate
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
Interpreting Drawings - General
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Types of Drawings;
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General Arrangement (GA) Floor Plans
Cross Sections
Elevations
Detailed Sections
Setting Out Drawings
Site Plan Layouts
Drawing Issue Sheets;
– List of drawings issued, including drawing no, title and revision
– Best way to ensure that you are working with the latest revision
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
Interpreting Drawings - General
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Drawing Title Blocks
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Name and contact details of company
Project and Developer name
Drawing title and number
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Date of first issue
Revision letter
Revision description & date
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Scale
Drawing Status
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Tender
Construction
As Built/As Installed
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LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
Interpreting Drawings - Architectural
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Drawing Standard
– BS 1192:2007 provides standards for architectural, engineering and
construction information
• Dimension Lines
– When working from hard copy drawings, dimensions are the best way of
ensuring accuracy of measurement
– When reading dimensions check whether they are to internal or external
surface
• Fixed Floor Levels
– May be in absolute figure above sea level
– Refers to top of floor slab for each floor
• Section Markers
– Show line on plan through which section is taken, and direction of view
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
Interpreting Drawings - Architectural
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Glazing, Doors and Section Markers
Window
opening
window
External Door c/w Glazing
Typical Elevation
Double Door
Revolving Door
Typical Section through
window
Section Markers
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
Interpreting Drawings – Building Services
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Electrical Services
– Only internal lighting layouts generally applicable, small power, fire &
security alarm, external lighting, distribution schematics not important
– Request Legend of Symbols for lighting if not shown on layout
– Ignore dedicated emergency escape lighting
– Method of switching important
• Manual, occupancy detection, photoelectric switching etc
• Arrow from lighting circuit will denote where light is switched from
– If building is heated using electric heating, this may be shown on either
the Mechanical or Electrical Services layouts so be vigilant
– Cross reference drawings with specification if unsure of anything
• Useful Symbols
Occupancy sensing when
linked to lighting circuit
PhotoCell
Examples of Manual Switching.
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
Interpreting Drawings – Building Services
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Mechanical Services
– Refer to Heating, Cooling/Air Conditioning, Ventilation, Hot & Cold
Water Services and Plant Room layout drawings
– Request mechanical equipment schedule if not shown on layouts
– Ignore above ground drainage layouts if provided
– If multiple systems for DHW, attempt to assign demand appropriately to
each space.
• In General, office demand should be applied to toilet over a local tea making
area
– If building is heated using electric heating, this may be shown on either
the Mechanical or Electrical Services layouts so be vigilant
– Cross reference drawings with specification if unsure of anything
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
Determining Energy Performance of New Buildings
• Factors relevant to Energy Performance
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Building fabric U-values
HVAC system, its efficiency and fuel source
Air Tightness
Area and orientation of glazing
Lighting efficiency and controls
Metering and warning of ‘out of range’ values
• Factors not deemed to affect Energy Performance
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External or Emergency Lighting
Small power and process energy use
Location and activity of building
Cold Water Services – grey water saving etc
Temporary services such as plug in electric heaters or cooling units
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) or backup generators
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
Fuel Sources and their effects
• Predominant fuel sources for heating systems are;
– Natural Gas – 0.194 kgCO2/kWh
– Oil
– 0.265 kgCO2/kWh
– Grid Supplies Electricity
– 0.422 kgCO2/kWh
• CO2 Emission Factors for each fuel types in Table 2 of ADL2A
• LZC Fuel Sources would be considered as;
– Biomass
– Biogas
– 0.025 kgCO2/kWh
– 0.025 kgCO2/kWh
• Where electricity is generated on site by PV Panels, Wind
generation, CHP etc, the energy produced, and the associated CO2
is offset
– Grid Displaced Electricity
– 0.568 kgCO2/kWh
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
Assumptions made in determining Energy Performance
•For New Build very few assumptions should be made as design
information will be available and should be provided to you on request
•Actual Air Tightness test results must be applied
•Selecting U-Values by inference or from the library should not be
required or accepted, unless it can be proven that it is appropriate
•Select nearest weather location, preferably on ‘latitude’.
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
4.0 Differences in data input for New Buildings (iSBEM)
• There are no real differences in the data input for new buildings
rather than existing buildings other than fewer assumptions should
be made
• Main additional consideration is UPRN from Landmark
– New Buildings unlikely to have information available on Landmark
– Request Post Code from Client
– If Address information does not exist, it must be requested for
successful lodgement to occur
– Process generally takes 24-48 hours, over working days
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Go to www.ndepcregister.com
Click on ‘Authorised Users’
Click on ‘Click here to add a new base address to the database’
Follow normal address line procedure, leaving Line 1 blank in most cases
Provided notes to state that new building is not present in database
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
Entering a new address into Landmark database
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
5.0 U-Value Calculations
U-value calculation is at its simplest for a building element which consists
solely of plane, parallel, uniform layers: the heat flow through
such an element is directly from inside to outside in a straight line, and all
that is needed to obtain the U-Value is a simple sum of the thermal
resistances of each layer.
Virtually all practical building components, however, have non-uniformities,
whether they be joints between masonry units, timber joists with insulation
between them, other types of structural member separated by infill panels,
glazing within a frame, and so on. The consequence of non-uniformities, or
the presence of any layers that are not plane and parallel, is that the heat
no longer travels in straight lines.
That affects the total heat transfer through the element and needs to be
allowed for in the determination of the U-value.
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
U-Value Calculations
• BR443 – Conventions for U-value calculations – 2006. BRE
– Indicates methods of calculation appropriate for different constructions
– Provides additional information about using the methods
– Provides data relevant to typical UK constructions
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Details of calculation methods are set out in relevant British Standards
Simplified Method is defined in BS EN ISO 6946 often applicable
Known as the combined method
Other simplified methods include;
– BS EN ISO 13370 for Ground Floors; and
– BS EN ISO 10077-1 for Windows and Doors
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
U-Value Calculations
Outline of Procedure of BS EN ISO 6946
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Calculate Upper Resistance Level (Rupper) by combining in parallel
total resistances of all possible heat-flow paths through element
Calculate Lower Resistance Level (Rlower) by combining in parallel
resistances of heat-flow paths of each layer separately and summing
resistances of all layers
Calculate Total thermal resistance (RT) from;
Rupper + Rlower
RT =
2
Calculate, where appropriate, corrections for air gaps (∆Ug) and
mechanical fasteners (∆Uf)
Calculate the U-Value from;
U = (1/RT) + ∆Ug + ∆Uf
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
U-Value Calculators
• Various software available
online
• Free trials often available
• Professional EPC software
have integrated U-value
calculators
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSOR TRAINING
LEVEL 4
ENERGY ASSESSORS TRAINING
ANY QUESTIONS OR
FEEDBACK