Transcript Projects #2 + #3

Energy Environment and Buildings
Project # 2 Tutorial
Sample 1
Project #2 Sustainable energy: design objectives
This project consists of the preparation of sustainable energy efficiency
objectives pertaining to a past or present architectural design studio
project. Suggested guideline: four or five pages of text (at least 900 words)
plus any images you may wish to include, 81/2” x 11’ format.
Be selective; choose only those objectives that are possible to integrate well
into each particular project. Refer to the LEED rating system for a useful
checklist that can help GUIDE you. Develop the objectives so that they are
specific to your project.
The goal of this project is to give the instructor an opportunity to comment in the
intentions of the group. And allow students to revise their goals and sustainable
strategies for Project #3.
Time allotted is 2 weeks: assigned during class #4 and due in class #6. Project
is to be completed in groups of two.
Percentage of final mark: 30%
ASSESSMENT OF INITIAL DESIGN
5. Mechanical Services
- the design utilizes operable windows to provide natural ventilation
-high-efficiency appliances and toilets will use less water and produce
less wastewater
6. Electrical Work
- the design will use low-energy appliances and capitalize on natural
lighting where possible
7. Other
-the site is located close to public transportation (bus stop)
RATIONALE BEHIND DESIGN DECISIONS
1. Site Work
-by minimizing demolition, the trees around the house protect it from the wind
and provide natural shading in the summer
-the use of natural vegetation aids in drainage on the sloped site
2. Materials
-the materials used in the project were made more sustainable without
sacrificing the concepts or appearance of the project
3. Doors and Windows
-high quality doors and windows help to insulate the house and by being
operable, give the user some control over temperature and ventilation
4. Solar Potential
-due to the flat roofs and limited façade space of the house, solar and
PV panels were not a practical option
-the trombe wall integrates well into the original design and acts with the
greenhouse doors and outside tress to create a system for controlling
heating of the living spaces
RATIONALE BEHIND DESIGN DECISIONS
5. Mechanical Work
-rainwater and greywater were harvested and used or reused for practical
purposes in the house and garden
-natural ventilation occurs through operable windows in every room, and room
depths that do not exceed twice the room height as well as a stair that acts as
a stack
6. Electrical Work
-more efficient fixtures and low energy appliances reduce the energy
demands of the house
Project #3 Sustainable energy: design presentation
This project consists of the incorporation of the objectives outlined in Project #2
into the selected architectural design studio project, and the preparation of a
presentation illustrating sensitivity to a sustainable approach to energy use and
design. Suggested guidelines: students are asked to prepare a PowerPoint
presentation of approximately 15 slides. The presentation is to last no longer
than 10 minutes.
The Design Workshop is an important component of this project. Students will
have a chance to review their final projects directly with the instructors and have
time to make any necessary adjustments.
The goal of this project is to successfully communicate both visually and
verbally how you have considered sustainability within your project.
Time allotted is 8 weeks: assigned during class #6 and due in class
#12. Project is to be completed in groups of two.
Percentage of final mark: 40%
PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS
4. Solar Potential
-create a trombe wall and massive floor adjacent to greenhouse to work as a
passive solar heating system
PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS
5. Mechanical Services
-collect rainwater to use in toilets, dishwasher, and washing machines
slightly sloped roofs channel water to drain
water storage tank
water pump & filter
PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS
5. Mechanical Services
-extract ventilation through a stack driven by wind suction and/or thermal buoyancy
Sample 2
Assessment of Original Design – Historical and Structural Context
Existing Residence
Addition
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Plywood House
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Site Plan Showing Original Design Intentions
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The Plywood House
The program called for the addition
of an architect’s studio to an
existing vernacular residence in
Bottmingen, Switzerland.
An earlier addition, serving as a
semi public marionette theatre was
designed by Herzog and de
Meuron in 1984.
It is constructed completely from
plywood, to create a relationship
with the surrounding forests and
with the natural environment.
The south façade bends sharply so
that it does not disturb the roots of
an existing tree.
Our intention is to create the same
rapport with the environment that
Herzog and de Meuron created
with their addition.
Assessment of Original Design – Historical and Structural Context
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The original design of the Architect’s
studio consisted of a pre-fabricated
concrete shell base combined with a
steel frame structure supporting a flat
laminated glass roof and walls.
The façade is modulated and has
extensive glass usage which increases
surface area and reduce energy
efficiency.
Aerial View of the Original Architect’s Studio
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East Elevation of Original Design
To incorporate green initiatives we
propose to look at:
Redesigning the original facade to
decrease surface area
Exploring natural ventilation systems
The use of passive solar energy
Water collection and drip irrigation
Creating microclimates and developing a
Green Roof.
Exploring rapidly renewable and recycled
materials
Replace the glass roof which creates a
greenhouse affect.
Assessment of Original Design - Site Considerations
Forests
Parking Lot
Plywood House
Addition
Private
Courtyard
Existing
Residence
N
Site Plan after the Addition of an Architect’s Studio
-Location of the building
minimises site disturbance,
especially the need for
additional driveways
-The adjacent vegetation
and green space are
preserved
-Creation of a courtyard:
(Development of a
microclimate)
-Improve the quality of
life of dwellers by
extending the
seasonal use of
outdoor area,
-Shelter facades from
wind, increasing
energy efficiency
-The parking lot was
designed to take
advantage of shade
provided by existing trees ,
minimising heat islands.
Proposal for Green Initiatives - Design Considerations
Alter geometry to:
-Reduce surface area
-Allow for double façade
Reception
-Reduce labour and material
cost: Reduce waste.
Conference Room
-Reduce cost through
standardization
Private Courtyard
Kitchenette
Studio
Floor Plan of Architect’s Studio
- Use the open floor plan and
clearance between ceiling
and interior partitions to
enhance the natural flow of
heated air through the living
space.
The Cultural considerations of the Building Envelope
Plywood House
Architect’s Studio
Relationship to existing trees
South Elevation
Visual connection to surrounding landscape
East Elevation
-The house is designed
as an architectural
office and therefore
must personify the
public nature and the
beliefs of its occupier.
-The glazed facades
expose the artists work
and showcases his
ideas.
-We intend to maximize
views of the
surrounding woods,
and create a visual
connection to the
outdoors
-The addition will
respect the direct
connection established
by Herzog and de
Meuron to the natural
environment and
surrounding woods.
Day Light Study Models
- June -
Orientation
The largest areas of the façade are oriented East-West. Sunlight permeates
the building all day facilitating initiatives to increase solar energy gains. It also
minimizes the need for artificial lighting.
Morning
Afternoon
Double Skin Facade
- Use a double skin active
façade to facilitate natural
air flow and ventilation
4
1
2
2
3
4
1. Glazed Outer Façade
Wall attached to structural
columns
2. Operable Windows,
used as air inlets
3. Fixed Windows
4. Operable Vents, for air
outlet through ‘skin’
Double Skin – Continued – Use in Summer Climate
-Instead of Airconditioning, use of
natural cross
ventilation to cool the
building during
summers
- The air flow in the
double façade
siphons air through
manually operable
windows
- Openings can be
catered to user’s
preference
Double Skin – Continued – Use in Winter Climate
- The double façade can be
used in combination with an
HVAC to heat the building in
winter
Return air
Supply air
HVAC
-As warm air rises through
the façade it is fed back into
the HVAC system and heat
exchanger
Trombe Floor and Passive Solar Heating
-Due to the lack of
vertical surfaces, a
trombe floor was
designed. It consists
of water containers
located in between
the floor joists.
-The thermal storage
floor collects, stores,
and distributes solar
heat for space
heating. I
Trombe Floor
-Rain water would be
collected from the roofs of
all existing buildings
Water Efficiency Landscaping
Rain water flows from
roofs into existing
Gutters
-Collected water is stored
in a cistern located in a
crawl space under the
addition to reduce the use
of potable water for site
irrigation,
-The addition to the
Plywood house would have
an ‘extensive’ green roof
and would therefore not
require irrigation,
Water Collection
Unit
Existing gutters are re- networked
and connected to the new cistern.
-A drip irrigation system
would be strongly
recommended for the
courtyard
Extensive Green Roof
The implementation of an extensive green roof (only 4” to 6” thick) minimizes the overall visual
thickness of the roof, providing for a suitable compromise between sustainability and the
original design aesthetics. Furthermore it reinterprets the connection between the building
and the landscape. Where transparency once established this connection, the green roof
does now.
Extensive green roof diagram
Vegetation
Soil (Growing Medium)
Root Impermeable Insulation
The green roof also serves to
reduce the effect of heat
islands, and it utilize rain
water more efficiently
Material Selection – Choosing materials that are from a rapidly renewable source and/or can
be recycled was a fundamental in our design considerations.
Extensive Green Roof
Fluorescent lights 75 % less energy than
incandescent bulbs.
Energy efficient windows (high-performance
double-pained low E) on the courtyard façade.
Double skin façade facing east.
BioBase 501 Foam Insulation
or Cellulose insulation in walls
Plywood Panels, FSC certified, used for
exterior cladding and interior wall finish
Laminated Bamboo floor is a rapidly renewed resource
with great potential and aesthetic appeal
Structure - Replace solid sawn lumber with Engineered lumber
By revising the design of the structure it was possible to include the availability of
standard material dimensions. By using standardized products, waste as well as
labour cost are reduced.
LVL Beams allow for a clear span of the
interior and replace the need for steel while
maintaining the lightness of the structure
Glue Laminated Lumber post spaced
every 4 feet support the roof structure
OSB subfloor
Foundation incorporates
recycled flyash in concrete
I Joists
Steel frame supports the double facade. The durability
of steel against the elements far outweighs the energy
required to produce it
Energy Environment and Buildings
Project # 2 Tutorial
Reference Material
LEED Check list – Course handbook
Credit 7.2
Thermal Comfort , Permanent M onitoring System
1
Credit 8.1
Daylight & View s , Daylight 75% of Spaces
1
Credit 8.2
Daylight & View s , Views for 90% of Spaces
1
0
0
0
Subtotal
Possible Points
Y
?
N
Innovation & Design Process
Innovation in Design : Specific Title
1
Credit 1.2
Innovation in Design : Specific Title
1
Credit 1.3
Innovation in Design : Specific Title
1
Credit 1.4
Innovation in Design : Specific Title
1
Credit 2
LEED™ Accredited Professional
1
0
0
0
Subtotal
Possible Points
5
0
0
0
Total Project Score
Possible Points
69
Silver 33 to 38 points
Gold 39 to 51 points
Elec
15
Credit 1.1
Certified 26 to 32 points
Mech
Arch
Arch
All
All
All
All
Mech
Platinum 52 or more points
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Restorative
Building
Living Building
Living/Restorative Building
Improved building envelope high performance glass, and
increased insulation alternate
envelope systems (sod roof).
Significant open office plan.
Reduced or no mechanical
system - significant alternate
energy sources for systems
(PV’s, Fuel Cells, Wind), Water
strategies which give back what’s
taken.
Improved lighting - high efficiency
lighting fixtures, task lighting,
aggressive day lighting scheme.
SUMMER MODE
Busby + Associates Architects