Transcript (3) Safety

2011
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(I) Long Title
To provide for the planning (規劃), design (設計)
and construction ( 建 造 ) of buildings and
associated works; to make provision for the
rendering safe of dangerous buildings and land; and
to make provision for matters connected therewith.
(Originally 68 of 1955, [1 June 1956] G.N.A. 45 of 1956, Replaced 72 of 1980 s. 2)
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(II) Development (more than 150
years)
1845
Nuisances Ordinance 1845
1856
- The Buildings and Nuisances Ordinance
1856.
- 1st statutory control on sanitation and
building works
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(II) Development (more than 150
years) Con’t.
1883
An outbreak of cholera
1889
- The Public Health Ordinance and the
Buildings Ordinance 1889
- Plans submitted to Surveyor General to
approve
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(II) Development (more than 150
years) Con’t.
1894
An outbreak of bubonic plague (鼠疫) in
Guangzhou, which spreaded to Hong Kong
causing
(causing death of 2,252 persons in 1894 and
accumulates up to 20,457 persons in 1923)
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(II) Development (more than 150
years) Con’t.
1901
Collapse of a building at 32 & 34 Cochrane
Street (閣麟街) causing death of 43 persons
1903
The Public Health and Buildings Ordinance
1903 – Introduction of “Authorized Architect”
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(II) Development (more than 150
years) Con’t.
1935
Buildings Ordinance 1935 and Public Health
(Sanitation) Ordinance 1935 – 1st complete
overhaul
1955
Buildings Ordinance 1955 – 2nd complete
overhaul; framework of current Buildings
Ordinance
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(III) Fundamental issues
(1) Main themes
Building control on Development Density,
Safety and Health of the Built Environment
(2) Main aspects
 Planning, design and construction of new
buildings and associated works;
 Rendering safe of dangerous existing
buildings and slopes
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(IV) Interface with Education Regulation,
Cap 279A in aspect of Maintenance of
School Premises
(1) Development Density
(A) Site Coverage (上蓋面積)
- the area of the site that is covered by the
building that is erected thereon and, when
used in relation to a part of a composite
building, means the area of the site on which
the building is erected that is covered by that
part of the building. (G.N.A. 97 of 1962) B(P)R2
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(IV) Interface with Education Regulation,
Cap 279A in aspect of Maintenance of
School Premises
(1) Development Density (con’t.)
(B)Plot Ratio (地積比率)
- the gross floor area of the building by the area
of the site on which the building is erected.
(G.N.A. 97 of 1962) B(P)R21(3)
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(2) Health
(A) General
Cap 279A reg 4 - Precautions for health (design, construction, fire
resistance,
material used)
Cap 279A reg 5 - Keeping the school premises in a satisfactory state of repair
Cap 279A reg 40- Floor space of classroom (not less than 0.9m2 for each pupil)
Cap 279A reg 87 - Maximum number of pupils permitted in every classroom
Cap 279A reg 88- Size of classes in nursery, kindergarten, primary, secondary,
post-secondary education
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(2) Health (Con’t)
(B) Lighting & Ventilation
Cap 279A reg 9(1) - School premises - adequately ventilated & lighted
Cap 279A reg 9(2) - No cubicle or partition obstructs light or air in classroom
Cap 279A reg 9(3) - Min.height of 3m for classrooms (2.75m for non purposely built schools)
Cap 279A reg 30 - Lighting for machines and work-benches
Cap 279A reg 41 - Blackboards to be adequately illuminated
Cap 279A reg 42 - Open-air recreation for pupils
Cap 279A reg 43(2) - Performance specification of latrines, incl. ratio of window area / room
area.
Statutory Requirements: Cap 123F, Building (Planning) Regulations
B(P)R29 : Every storey of every building used or intended to be used for the
purpose of an office or for habitation shall be provided with effectual means of
lighting and ventilation.
B(P)R30(1) : Every room used for habitation or for the purposes of an office or
as a kitchen shall be provided with natural lighting and ventilation.
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(2) Health (Con’t)
(C) Water Supply, Sanitary & Ablutions
Cap 279A reg 10(b)
-Structural alternations to latrine accommodation and sanitary
accommodation
Cap 279A reg 43(1) - Provision of Latrines, etc.
Cap 279A reg 44
- Improvements to sanitation as required by PS(Ed)
Cap 279A reg 46
- Ablutions
Cap 279A reg 45
- Adequate and wholesome water supply
Cap 279A reg 47
- Refreshment places (such as tuckshops, canteen, etc.) are in clean &
sanitary condition
Cap 279A reg 48
- All school premises shall be in a clean & sanitary condition
Cap 279A Sch I
- Detailed requirements of sanitary fitments
Statutory requirements: - Cap 123, Buildings Ordinance
BO 28(1) : All drainage works for any building shall, save as provided by
regulations, be carried out by the owner of such building to the satisfaction of
the Building Authority and in compliance with regulations.
Technical details : Cap 123I, Building (Standards of Sanitary fitments,
Plumbing, Drainage Works and Latrines) Regulations
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(3) Safety
(A) General
Cap 279A reg 4
- Precautions for health (design, construction, fire resistance, material
used)
Cap 279A reg 5
- Repair (Satisfactory state of repair)
Cap 279A reg 7
- Maximum height of schools < 24m
Cap 279A reg 8
- Minimum height of parapets and window openings < 1.1m
Cap 279A reg 15
- Periodic inspection of premises by an authorized person
Cap 279A reg 17(1)(d) - Structural requirements - parapet wall around the roof playground of
a height of not less than 1.1 m together with a continuous chain link or
similar metal fence fixed to the inner vertical side to make up the
total height shall be not less than 2.5 m.
Cap 279A reg 18
- Pupils using roof playgrounds to be under supervision of a teacher
Cap 279A reg 20
- Limitation of activities on roof playgrounds
Cap 279A reg 40
- Floor space
Cap 279A reg 88
- Size of classes
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(3) Safety
(A) General (Other legislations or requirements )
Section 8(1) & (2) of Building (Construction) Regulations, Cap 123B –
change of level
Protective barriers of not less than 1.1 m shall be provided to restrict or control
the movement of persons and vehicles at the outer edge of all balconies,
verandahs, staircases, landings or projections, or where there is a difference in
adjacent levels greater than 600 mm
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(3) Safety
(A) General (Other legislations or requirements ) Con’t
Section 6(1) of Occupational Safety and Health Regulation, Cap 509A Certain parts of workplace are securely fenced
Fencing in form of railing or other protective barriers to height of 900mm have
to be provided for the platform, pit, opening (incl. roof, flat roof) located within a
workplace to the satisfaction of the Commissioner of Labour.
PNAP 253 - Safety nets, higher railing to open, stair-well and open well to
schools
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(3) Safety
(B) Means of escape (MoE) - 逃生途徑
Cap 279A reg 12
- Restriction on assembly of pupils
Cap 279A reg 13
- Restriction on gymnastics
Cap 279A reg 14
- Restriction on furniture to be in any classroom
Cap 279A reg 16
- Approval for roof playgrounds
Cap 279A reg 17 (1)(b) - Roof playground shall be a minimum of 2 suitable staircases with
width of 1.05 m and being fitted with continuous handrails on both
sides
Cap 279A reg 17(1)(c) - Roof playground shall have landings (min.1.5m x1.5m) leading to the
roof
Cap 279A reg 17(2) - School should provide a certificate of stability given by an authorized
person (AP) which specifies the maximum number of pupils who may
be allowed to use the roof playground.
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(3) Safety
(B) Means of escape (MoE) Con’t
Cap 279A reg 19(1)
Cap 279A reg 19(3)
Cap 279A reg 24
Cap 279A reg 28
workshops
Cap 279A reg 85
Cap 279A reg 87
notice
-Nos. of pupils allowed on a roof playground (<60 pupil / a teacher)
- Demonstration of a certificate stating examination of AP’s certificate
- Limit on number of pupils in school workshops / science laboratory
- Number of pupils shall be taught (< 20) by a teacher in school
- Specifications for exit door (opened from inside without using a key)
- Max.nos. of pupils permitted in every classroom and exhibition of
Statutory requirements: Cap 123F, Building (Planning) Regulations
B(P)R41(1): satisfactory MoE as required by the intended use of the building
B(P)R41(2): building with second staircase as MoE
Technical details : Code of Practice for the Provision of Means of Escape in Case of
Fire 1996
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(3) Safety
(C) Means of Access for Firefighting and Rescue
(消防和救援進出途徑) and Fire Rescue
Cap 279A reg 34
Cap 279A reg 35
Cap 279A reg 36
Cap 279A reg 37
Cap 279A reg 38(1) Cap 279A reg 38(2) Cap 279A reg 39
- Fire officers may inspect school premises
- Fire officers may inspect neighbourhood of school if fire risk suspected
- Fire officers shall report to PS(Ed) on the fire precautions / recommendation to
preclude danger from fire.
- Notice by PS(Ed) requiring safety equipment against fire
Fire drills to be carried out once in every 6 months
Ensuring exits of the school premises / classrooms are free from obstruction
- Maintaining fire service installation and equipment in good condition
Statutory requirements : Cap 123F, Building (Planning) Regulations
Buildings should provide with the MoA to enable firemen to effect rescue and fight fire.
B(P)R 41A :
Access staircases for firemen 供消防員使用的通道樓梯
B(P)R 41B :
Fireman‘s lifts 消防員升降機
B(P)R 41C :
Firefighting and rescue stairway 消防員救援樓梯間
B(P)R 41D :
Emergency vehicular access 緊急車輛通道
Technical details : Code of Practice for the Provision of Means of Access for Firefighting and
Rescue 2004
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(3) Safety
(D) Fire Separation and Fire Resistance
Construction
Cap 279A reg 6 - Schools not to be over godowns, shops, etc.
Statutory requirements :Cap 123B, B(C)R 90 –
Every building shall be designed and constructed so as to(a) inhibit the spread of fire within the building and to nearby buildings by
dividing the building into compartments;
(b) provide adequate resistance to the spread of fire and smoke by the
separation of different uses in a building by compartment walls and floors and
by the separation of the building from any adjoining building or site;
(c) maintain the stability of the building in case of fire; and
(d) provide adequate resistance to the spread of fire over the roof of one
building to another having regard to the position of the building.
Technical details : Code of Practice for Fire Resisting Construction 1996
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(3) Safety
(E) Structural stability and integrity
Cap 279A reg 10(a)
Cap 279A reg 10(c)
Cap 279A reg 17(1)(a)
-Structural alternations to the school premises
- No subdivision of a classroom (increase of
loading to existing floor)
- Roof of roof playground is constructed of
reinforced cement concrete
Statutory Requirements: Cap 123B, Building (Construction)
Regulations
Technical details :
Building (Construction) Regulations
Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 2005
Code of Practice for Structural Use of Concrete 2004 (Second
Edition)
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