Transcript Monitoring - BRE projects website

The Technical Office of Varberg
The Varberg
building
Presentation
of the building
Building
concept
Monitoring
The summer
monitoring
The winter
monitoring
Major findings
& suggestions
More
information...
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Building presentation
The Varberg
building
Presentation
of the building


Building
concept

Monitoring

The summer
monitoring

The winter
monitoring


Major findings
& suggestions
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The building is typical of Scandinavian design of the 1900’s.
It was originally a school and has since been been renovated several times
and converted into an office.
It is a three - storey building with a total floor area of 2000 m2.
Room heights vary between 3.8 and 5.8 meters.
Ventilation is supplied by passive stacks and trickle vents.
The building is heated by district heating.
The building has a large thermal mass in the form of:
 Exposed heavy floor
 Exposed heavy external walls
 Exposed heavy internal walls
 The ceiling is a heavy structure, but it is covered by a false ceiling in
most rooms.
Building presentation
The lay-out of the building
The Varberg
building
Presentation
of the building
Building
concept
Monitoring
The summer
monitoring
The winter
monitoring
Major findings
& suggestions
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N
Area specifically studied
Building presentation
The Varberg
building
Interior view
Presentation
of the building
Building
concept
Monitoring
Exterior view, north façade
The summer
monitoring
The winter
monitoring
Major findings
& suggestions
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Building concept
The Varberg
building
Presentation
of the building
Building
concept


When the building was built, there were
no building regulations for heating and
ventilation.
The designer’s intention was probably
to create a healthy indoor environment.
Monitoring
The summer
monitoring

The winter
monitoring
Major findings
& suggestions
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The design concept is simple and aims
to meet the following targets:

good indoor air quality supplied by a
passive ventilation system

acceptable indoor air temperature in
summer from a combination of passive
stack ventilation, window opening and
the effects of the thermal mass of the
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building.
Building concept
indoor air quality & passive ventilation system
The Varberg
building

Presentation
of the building
Outlets from the
passive stacks at
roof level
Building
concept
Monitoring

The summer
monitoring

Trickle vents with
temperature
control

Openable
windows
Masonry passive
stacks
The winter
monitoring
Major findings
& suggestions
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
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Exhaust air
through passive
stacks vents
from different
rooms

District heating
Building concept
passive ventilation system - components
The Varberg
building
Presentation
of the building
Building
concept
Monitoring
The summer
monitoring
The winter
monitoring
Major findings
& suggestions
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Building concept
Reduction of direct solar gains
The Varberg
building
Presentation
of the building
Building
concept

To provide protection from the sun, solar protecting
film is attached to approximately half of the windows.

On the south facade there are manually operated
awnings (external shades).
Monitoring
The summer
monitoring
The winter
monitoring
Major findings
& suggestions
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Monitoring
The Varberg
building

Presentation
of the building
Building
concept
During monitoring
 ventilation rates,
 indoor air temperature and
 energy use
were measured and the users were interviewed.
Monitoring
The summer
monitoring

The winter
monitoring
Major findings
& suggestions
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The building was monitored for:

one summer period and

one winter period.
Monitoring
Energy use 1997
The Varberg
building
Total energy use: 128 kWh/m2
Presentation
of the building
Building
concept
Hot water
Monitoring
The summer
monitoring
District heating
The winter
monitoring
Electricity
Major findings
& suggestions
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
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The use of electricity was low compared to new Swedish office
buildings, but the energy use for heating was high. However, total
energy use is comparable to new Swedish office buildings.
Summer monitoring
The Varberg
building
Measured air temperatures, Varberg, 06 to 31 August 1997
35
Building
concept
30
Monitoring
25
Room 41
10
Room 49
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5
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time (hours)
576
528
480
432
384
336
288
240
192
0
144
Outdoor
96
Major findings
& suggestions
15
48
The winter
monitoring
20
0
The summer
monitoring
temperature (°C)
Presentation
of the building
Summer results, indoor and outdoor air temperatures were measured during 06
to 31 August 1997. Outdoor temperature were 5 °C higher than the normal
monthly average for August.
Summer monitoring - results
The Varberg
building

The Swedish building code ventilation requirements of 0.35 l/s,m2 was
satisfied for most of the time. The recommended air change rate of 7
litres / person / s is not achieved in every room.

The IAQ is acceptable. The CO2 concentration varied between the
background level and a maximum of 800 ppm (below the Swedish limit of
1.000 ppm)

There is a clear overheating problem. The air temperature exceed 26°C
80% of the time. The weather was however 5°C warmer than normal for
the period.
Presentation
of the building
Building
concept
Monitoring
The summer
monitoring
The winter
monitoring
Major findings
& suggestions
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Winter monitoring
1200
Presentation
of the building
1000
CO2-concentration (ppm)
The Varberg
building
Building
concept
Monitoring
The summer
monitoring
The winter
monitoring
Swedish CO2-limit: 1000 ppm
800
600
400
Major findings
& suggestions
200
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0
Weekend: no occupation 
no CO2-production
0
24
48
72
96
120
144
168
192
Time (days)
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
Winter results : Measured CO2 concentration in Varberg, 19 to 26 January
1998.

The average outdoor air temperature was - 3 °C with a minimum of -10 °C
and a maximum of +2 °C.
NatVent
Winter monitoring - results
The Varberg
building

The Swedish building code ventilation requirements of 0.35 l/s,m2 was
satisfied most of the time. The recommended air change rate of 7 litres /
person / s is not achieved in every room.

The relative humidity was low, 20 to 45 %, during the monitored winter
period. A reasonable level is above 30 %, which is difficult to fulfil in most
buildings in Sweden during winter.

The CO2 contents varied between background level and maximums of 800
to 1100 ppm. The levels are acceptable most of the time.
Presentation
of the building
Building
concept
Monitoring
The summer
monitoring
The winter
monitoring
Major findings
& suggestions
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Major findings
The Varberg
building

The Swedish building code ventilation requirement of 0.35
l/sm² was satisfied for most of the time.The recommended air
change rate of 7 litres / person / s is not achieved in every
room.

The CO2 concentrations were higher during the winter.The
concentrations varied between the background level and
maximums of between 800 and 1100 in different rooms. The
levels of CO2 were acceptable for most of the time.

In general, comfort levels were perceived as satisfactory.
However, during a heat wave indoor air temperature were too
high.
Presentation
of the building
Building
concept
Monitoring
The summer
monitoring
The winter
monitoring
Major findings
& suggestions
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Suggestions for improvements
The Varberg
building

To reduce overheating in summer:
 use night cooling, probably by including a fan in the
passive stacks.
 improve the shading of the windows to reduce the solar
gains by installing more awnings or new windows with
solar reflective coating.
 install modern energy efficient lighting i. e. HF neon tubes,
instead of the old ones.

To increase the ventilation rate:
 modify the passive stacks to be fan assisted passive
stacks or/and renovate the passive stacks and increase
the size of the inlets.
Presentation
of the building
Building
concept
Monitoring
The summer
monitoring
The winter
monitoring
Major findings
& suggestions
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More information...
The Varberg
building
Presentation
of the building
Building
concept
Monitoring
Find more information on the PROBE building in the following documents:
\Reports \Monitoring Reports \Summary Reports\se2summ.pdf
 global presentation of the buildings (4p./building)
 contents: building description - ventilation strategy and technology winter and summer monitoring results - conclusions
The summer
monitoring
The winter
monitoring
Major findings
& suggestions
\Reports \Monitoring Reports \Detailed Reports\se2det.pdf
 detailed reports of all 19 monitoring campaigns (20p./campaign)
 contents: monitoring set up - analysis of results - conclusions
More
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You can read and print pdf-files with the Acrobat® Reader
®3.0. Program. This program is free.
Download it from the Acrobat web site: www.adobe.com OR
run the installation file ar32e301(1).exe in the directory
\Installation