Transcript Shelter Worldwide

INTD 51 human environments
alternative housing types
alternative housing types
tree houses
•buildings constructed among the branches
•around or next to the trunk of one or more mature trees
•and are raised above
the ground
alternative housing types
•tree houses are built and used for recreation
•as temporary retreats
•even for permanent habitation
alternative housing types
treehouses are an option for building eco-friendly facilities
in remote forest areas, because they do not require a
clearing of a certain area
of forest
alternative housing types
in some parts of the tropics, ordinary houses are built in
trees or elevated on stilts to:
•keep the living quarters
above hazards at ground
level
•to keep the occupants &
any stored food out of
reach of scavenging animals
alternative housing types
earth sheltered housing
the architectural practice of using earth
against building walls for:
•external thermal mass
•to reduce heat loss
•to easily maintain a
steady indoor air
temperature
alternative housing types
earth sheltering is popular in modern
times among advocates of passive
solar and sustainable architecture
but has been around for nearly as
long as humans have been constructing
their own shelter
alternative housing types
•living within earth shelters has been a large part of human
history
•the connection to earth shelter dwellings began with the
utilization of caves
•over time evolving
technologies led to the
construction of customized
earth dwellings
alternative housing types
•progress has been slow
•earth shelter construction is often viewed by architects,
engineers, and the public alike as an unconventional method
of building
alternative housing types
natural solar architecture
passive solar technologies are means of using sunlight for
useful energy without use of active mechanical systems
(as contrasted to
active solar)
alternative housing types
passive solar technologies:
•convert sunlight into usable heat (water, air, thermal mass),
cause air-movement for ventilating
•store heat for future use
with little use of other energy sources
alternative housing types
passive solar systems have:
•little to no operating costs
•often low maintenance costs
•emit no greenhouse gases in operation
they do, however need to be
optimized to yield the best
performance and economics
alternative housing types
passive solar technologies
often yield high solar savings, especially for space heating
when combined with active solar technologies or
photovoltaics even higher conventional energy savings can
be achieved
alternative housing types
straw-bale construction
building method that uses straw bales as structural elements,
insulation, or both
commonly used in natural building
has advantages over some
conventional building systems
because of:
•cost
•easy availability
•high insulation value
alternative housing types
straw bale building typically
consists of stacking rows of
bales (often in running-bond)
on a raised footing or
foundation,
with a moisture barrier
between the bales and their
supporting platform
alternative housing types
bale walls can be tied together with pins of bamboo, rebar,
or wood (internal to the bales or on their faces)
or with surface wire meshes,
and then stuccoed or plastered,
either with a cement-based mix or an earth/clay render
alternative housing types
bale buildings can have structural frame of other materials,
with bales simply serving as insulation and stucco substrate,
("infill" technique),
most often required in northern regions where the potential
snow-loading can exceed the strength of the bale
alternative housing types
alternatively, the bales may actually provide the structural
support for the building in a "load-bearing” technique
alternative housing types
a combination of framing
and load-bearing techniques
may also be employed,
referred to as "hybrid" straw
bale construction
alternative housing types
typically "field-bales", bales created on farms with baling
machines have been used
recently higher-density
"precompressed" bales
(or "straw-blocks") are
increasing the loads that
may be supported
where field bales might
support around 600 pounds
per linear foot of wall, the
high density bales bear
up to 4,000 lb./lin.ft.
alternative housing types
this has just been a brief
overview of four alternative
types of housing
other alternatives include:
•floating homes
•log homes
•manufactured homes
•modular homes
•pre-fab houses
•rvs & trailers
alternative housing types
other alternatives include:
•floating homes
•log homes
•manufactured homes
•modular homes
•pre-fab houses
•rvs & trailers
alternative housing types
•floating homes
alternative housing types
•floating homes
alternative housing types
other alternatives include:
•floating homes
•log homes
•manufactured homes
•modular homes
•pre-fab houses
•rvs & trailers
alternative housing types
•log homes
alternative housing types
other alternatives include:
•floating homes
•log homes
•manufactured homes
•modular homes
•pre-fab houses
•rvs & trailers
alternative housing types
•manufactured homes
alternative housing types
other alternatives include:
•floating homes
•log homes
•manufactured homes
•modular homes
•pre-fab houses
•rvs & trailers
alternative housing types
•modular homes
alternative housing types
other alternatives include:
•floating homes
•log homes
•manufactured homes
•modular homes
•pre-fab houses
•rvs & trailers
http://www.metropolismag.com/story/20100512/big-idea-small-package
alternative housing types
alternative housing types
this has just been a brief
overview of four alternative
types of housing
other alternatives include:
•floating homes
•log homes
•manufactured homes
•modular homes
•pre-fab houses
•rvs & trailers
http://www.treehugger.com/files/2005/12/the_mini-home_f.php
alternative housing types
•rvs & trailers
alternative housing types
•rvs & trailers
http://www.facebook.com/#!/pages/WSU-Airstream-Studio/124541544245926?v=photos&ref=ts
alternative housing types
What other alternatives can you think of?
binder activity:
Section 5—Alternative Housing Types
Research 3-5 alternative housing types and print
appropriate information for your file/binder. For each of
the types that you research, include images and answer
the following questions:
•How does this style work in this climate? If it is not appropriate
for this climate, where does it function best?
•Could modifications to the design be made that would make it
appropriate for this climate?
•How does this housing type meet the needs of your client?
•What are the basics that a designer needs to know before
choosing this housing type?
binder activity:
Section 6—Selected Housing Style
Decide upon the alternative housing type that you will be using—
write 500 words (2 pages) describing the housing type & the pros
and cons of the type according to your client & location. Include
any diagrams and images that help illustrate the building style.