Transcript PLUS ENERGY HOUSE

Comenius
PLUS ENERGY HOUSE
I.T.I.S. “E.Majorana” - Martina Franca(TA)
Italy
Rev 0.9 03-03-12
Comenius
Multilateral school partnership
2011-1-DE3-COM06-19211-5
PLUS ENERGY HOUSE
2° project meeting
Sneek, Netherlands 6-10 March 2012
Partner of project

Berufsbildende Schulen des Landkreises Osnabrück in Bersenbrück, Germany
Egressy Ga'bor Ke'ttannylvü Müszaki Szakköze'piskola, Budapest, Hungary
 Oguzeli Cok Programli Lisesi, Gaziantep, Turkey
 ZSP Somonino, Somonino, Poland
 ROC Friese Poort Sneek, Sneek, Netherlands
 Spojená škola, Prešov, Slovakia
 ITIS "E. Majorana", Martina Franca (TA), Italy

Plus energy house as a green building
\
A Plus Energy House is essentially a passive house with
a low level of energetic consumption, class A+,
integrated with electric energy production plants
from renewable sources that allow a complete energetic
autonomy. Sometimes these plants are also able to
produce a surplus of energy.
We would like to propose a model of Plus Energy House
which meets the 10 rules of modern green architecture.
10 RULES FOR A MODERN GREEN ARCHITECTURE
1. Build respecting the typical architecture of the territory
2. Take in account the exposure, orientation and natural
daylight
3. Use Eco-friendly materials
4. Ensure Impermeability and breathability
5. Ensure Thermal insulation
6. Low energy demand
7. Energetic autonomy
8. Water autonomy
9. An Autonomous system of household waste disposal
10. Automation and comfort
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PLUS ENERGY HOUSE
Examples
House of Southern Country
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House of Southern Country
Example of a modern bio-architecture, well
integrated in a southern climatic contest.
It has a flat roof, white colour and large
windows.The 10kWp photovoltaic system is
integrated in the building and consists of
photovoltaic sheets in amorphous silicon that
cover the entire roof and of monocrystalline
silicon panels located on the south facade. The
air conditioning system uses geothermal heat
pumps.
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House of Northern Country
House of Northern Country
Example of a modern bio-architecture, well
integrated in a northern or mountain climatic
contest. It has a sloping roof, dark coating
and large windows facing on the roof. The
photovoltaic system is integrated in the
sloping roof and consists of photovoltaic
sheets and tiles in amorphous silicon. In the
roof are also incorporated solar collectors for
hot water and heating.
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1.The typical architecture of the territory
A low environmental impact construction
A low environmental impact construction must fit into the
landscape without altering it, respecting the natural
shape of the terrain, existing vegetation, the typical
architecture, and the use of local materials
1.The typical architecture of the territory
The trullo
The trullo is a building typical of Puglia. It has a conical roof
made of local limestone without the use of concrete. The
walls are thick and conical roof is covered with slabs of
stone called "chiancarelle". It 's usually used at home for
summer holidays of 4 or more rooms, and its shape
provides a natural thermal insulation.
1.The typical architecture of the territory
The houses with vaulted roofs
The curved roof buildings are usually used as barns,
warehouses, stables .Externally, the barrel vault is left
exposed and covered with stone slabs. The outer walls
are slightly inclined and painted with lime. For their
construction local stone without the use of concrete is
used.
1.The typical architecture of the territory
The houses with plan roofs
The houses with flat roofs are formed by two or four rooms with
vaulted ceilings. The outer walls are slightly inclined and
painted with lime. For their construction they use local
stone without the use of concrete.
1.The typical architecture of the territory
The houses with sloping roofs
The houses with sloping roofs are made of stone
and have rooms with vaulted covered externally with
chiancarelle as in the trulli. They are typical of the farms and
houses in the historic center. For their construction local
stones without the use of cement are used.
2. Exposure, orientation and natural daylight
a)Passive House Concept
b)Solar energy - Radiation and shading
c)Natural ventilation and cooling
d)The use of colours in wall coverings
e)Exposition and surfaces of the windows.
f)Energy saving lighting.
Passive House Concept
The passive house is a house which ensures thermal comfort
without any conventional heating;
It exploits the sunlight the ground heat and the natural ventilation.
It is realised with special construction techniques, the use of
appropriate materials, the correct orientation. It has an energy
requirement of less than 14 kWh / sqm.
Solar energy - Radiation and shading
Natural ventilation and cooling
The house uses passive solar
radiation for heating in
winter, vegetation and
winds to cool in the summer,
the heat exchange with
the soil to maintain a constant
internal temperature
The use of colours in wall coverings
Exposition and surfaces of the windows.
Energy saving lighting.
In hot climates the houses are painted in white colour to
absorb less solar radiations, while in the nordic countries
dark colours are used to absorb more radiations. A correct
position of the rooms and windows can save on the artificial
heating, exploiting the effects of the light and the solar
heating.
3. Eco-friendly materials
a) Km 0 Natural material
b) No harmful emissions
c) Recyclable or biodegradable materials.
d) The life cycle of a building
e)
Eco-balance
3.Eco-friendly materials
The plus energy house is made of enviromentally-friendly
materials locally available : limestone, clay, wood.
The use of glass, metal and of other recyclable materials
is also allowed .
The use of artificial products, especially plastic, must be
minimized, as well as those derived by oil that often
emanate harmful substances.
However, natural materials are not always also
environmentally friendly.
Life cycle of a building
The environmental impact of a building must
be analyzed taking into account the life cycle of
building materials consisting of the following phases:
- extraction:
- production of the material
- manufacturing and installation
- permanence of building materials
- removal, demolition, disposal and recycling
Eco-balance .
The eco-balance quantifies the effects of the
complete life cycle of a building on humans and the
environment and takes account of:
- Consumption of raw material
- Consumption of energy
- Environmental pollution
- Waste and recycling
- Economic and social aspects.
4. Impermeability and breathability
The house must be protected by the rainwater
infiltration with roofs that can be flat, sloping, at dome,
at cone and at archway. In the old roofs and in the trulli
the impermeability is assured by the correct disposition
of tiles and ‘chiancarelle’. The ground floors must be
protected by interspaces and crawl spaces.
5.Thermal insulation
The coating of a building must have a high resistance
to the passage of heat, which is usually obtained by
interposing thick layers of insulating material between
two layers of masonry of hollow bricks. The insulation
depends on the thickness of the insulating layer . Wood
is an excellent insulating material.
Thermal insulation of the roof
Heat transmission and
thermal conductivity of materials
Thermal insulation of the exterior walls
Thermal insulation of the ground floor
Types of window frames and thermal performance
PVC
Wood
Aluminum
Wood-aluminum
The windows should ensure the passage of solar radiation for
lighting and space heating. There must be double or triple
paned, insulating airtight frames, shutters or blinds. Wood
window frames are preferred to those of aluminum and PVC.
6.Low energy demand
Criteria for calculating energy requirements
To calculate the energy requirement you need to consider thermophysical characteristics of the building, of the type of the plan, of
the orientation and of the enivironmental climate. The calculation
is made with appropriate software. To save energy it is
fundamental to exploit the sun's energy intake, and the
heat intake of household appliances and of the people living in the
house.
Energy class and building legislation
7. Energetic autonomy
a) Air conditioning and heating.
b) Geothermal energy and heat pumps
c) Solar collectors for hot water
production
d) Photovoltaic systems
e) Electrical energy storage systems
and hydrogen fuel cells
Air conditioning and heating
The air-conditioning of the
building is in a natural
way, using the convection of
air between two parts of the
building at different
temperatures (see figure).
The internal heating is of the
type at low temperature, with
radiant floor heated by
geothermal heat pumps and solar
collectors, which also provide hot
water for sanitation .
The photovoltaic plant
converts solar radiation
into electricity by
exploiting some properties of
semiconductors.
They can be off-grid (stand
alone), with electrical energy
storage system or can be
with connected grid, in which
case the energy that is
not consumed is fed into the
grid.
Wind power plants transform the kinetic energy of the
wind into electric energy. They are constituted by a wind
turbine, by an alternator, a supporting post, by a charge
controller and an inverter. As well as the wind turbines they
can stand alone and be grid connected. In domestic
systems they are often combined with a photovoltaic
system.
Photovoltaic rigid
panels: high efficiency but
difficult architectural infill
Amorphous
silicon: low efficiency
but easy architectural infill
Electrical energy storage systems and fuel cells
of hidrogen
The fuel cell uses hydrogen as a fuel. Hydrogen is produced by
the decomposition of water with energy from the photovoltaic
system and produces only water as exhaust gas.
The fuel cell replaces conventional electric energy
storage (lead highly polluting).
8. Water autonomy
Rainwater collected from roofs:
if properly purified it can be used indoors
for systems without wasting drinkable water.
9. Autonomous systems of household waste
disposal
The house also relates to sustainable systems of
autonomous household waste disposal as far as
concerns:
a. Wastewater treatment plants
b. Composting plants
Wastewater traetment plants
Purification of waste water can be performed with a
water purification system consisting of an Imhoff tub, a
second settling tank and an underground drainage
tube and trees that absorb water; excess water is sent
to the second tank, and finally retracted and pumped
back into the soil.
Home composting
Composting is
an aerobic biological process,
starting from
our organic kitchen waste and
vegetables; it leads to the
production of compost, which is
a useful product to fertilize the
soil.
Home composting is aided
by appropriate collection
systems and storage products.
10. Automation and comfort
Home automation allows savings through the intelligent
control of the following systems:
- Separate single-room air conditioning
- Automatic switching on and off of the lights
- Decommissioning facilities in each room in case of
opening of windows and exterior doors
- Management of the heating time
- Timing of appliances
- Automatic rolling shutters and awnings, depending
on solar radiation.
Measuring Parameters of Home Comfort
Indoor comfort is defined as the particular condition of
wellness given by temperature, humidity, noise and light
level of the environment and sensorially perceived by the
people who stay in a house.
Therefore, the measurable parameters of home comfort
are:
- Termo–hygrometric wellness
- Acoustic Comfort
- Lighting wellness
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!
Students:
Debora GORINI
Laura RUBINO
Angelo NOTARNICOLA
Francesco LATERZA
Headmistress
Prof.ssa Anna Ausilia CAROLI
Teachers:
Prof.ssa Angela ENTRINGER
Prof.ssa Vitantonia LADDOMADA
Prof. Vito COLUCCI
Prof. Stefano PALASCIANO
http://www.majorana.martina-franca.ta.it