Transcript Chapter 04
4 Health and Preventative Techniques Preventive Dentistry • Plaque formation – Demineralization – Dental decay (caries) equation • Sugar + plaque = acid + tooth = decay 2 Preventive Dentistry • Patient motivation – Assess oral hygiene – Listen to the patient 3 Preventive Dentistry • Infants – Parent or caregiver needs to be involved – Should be made a positive and fun activity 4 Preventive Dentistry • Preschool children – Interested in visual aids – First trip to the dentist is around age three – Introduction of the toothbrush – Attention span of this age group is short 5 Preventive Dentistry • Children ages five through eight – Attention spans begin to increase – Like immediate goals and positive reinforcement – Manual dexterity is improving 6 Preventive Dentistry • Children ages nine through twelve – Very concerned with fitting in – Attention span continues to increase – Skill is proficient at this age – Often have mixed dentition 7 Preventive Dentistry • Children ages thirteen through fifteen – Motivated peer pressure and personal appearance – Nutrition is usually poor 8 Preventive Dentistry • Children ages sixteen through nineteen – Question authority – Time management is problematic – Personal appearance very important 9 Preventive Dentistry • Adults ages nineteen through sixty – Unlearn bad habits – Diverse backgrounds 10 Preventive Dentistry • Adults over sixty years of age – Desire to keep teeth – May see more restorations and appliances – Declines in health may cause problems in dental health 11 Oral Hygiene Aids • Disclosing agents – Identifying dental plaque • Dentifrice – Look for ADA approval • Mouth rinses – Rinses with fluoride • Chewing gum 12 Oral Hygiene Aids • Interdental aids – Interproximal brush – Rubber and wooden dental stimulators – The floss threader – Floss holder – Water irrigation device 13 Toothbrushes and Techniques • Manual toothbrushes • Mechanical toothbrushes 14 Brushing Techniques for the Manual Toothbrush • Bass or modified bass brushing technique 15 Brushing Techniques for the Manual Toothbrush • Charters brushing technique 16 Brushing Techniques for the Manual Toothbrush • Modified Stillman brushing technique 17 Brushing Techniques for the Manual Toothbrush • Rolling stroke brushing technique 18 Brushing Techniques for the Manual Toothbrush 19 Brushing Techniques for the Manual Toothbrush • Modified scrub 20 Dental Flossing • Types of floss – Patient preference and ability 21 Dental Flossing • Hygiene care of prosthetic devices – Fixed bridge – Implants – Full and partial dentures – Orthodontic appliances 22 Oral Hygiene for Patients with Special Needs • Pregnant patients • Patients with cancer – Xerostomia – Abnormal dryness of the mouth resulting from radiation or chemotherapy treatments • Patients with heart disease • Older patients 23 Fluoride • History of fluoride in dentistry – Mottled enamel (discolorations) • Fluoridation – Controversial issue • Effects of fluoride • Tooth development – Hydroxyl ion – Fluorapatite crystal 24 Fluoride • Fluoride in dental plaque – Antibacterial effect • Fluoride toxicity – Dangers associated with fluoride ingestion • Acute fluoride poisoning is extremely rare • Chronic fluoride poisoning • Enamel hypoplasia 25 Fluoride • Benefits of fluoride • Forms of fluoride used in dentistry – Systemic fluoride – Topical fluoride 26 Fluoride • Topical fluoride application – Advantages and disadvantages • Neutral – 2 percent sodium fluoride • 8 percent stannous fluoride • 1.23 percent acidulated phosphate fluoride • Fluoride rinses – Not to be swallowed 27