Transcript CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)

Chapter 3 Section 4
Origins of Judaism
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)
Reading Guide
Canaan
1. The area of Palestine called _________was
the ancient home of
the ____________,
Hebrews
later called the Jews.
1.
Find Canaan on the map on page 73.
What nation is found at this location today?
Israel
1.
The history, legends, and moral laws of
the Jews have been a major influence on
Western culture, and began a tradition also
shared by Christianity and Islam.
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)
Reading Guide
Canaan
1. The area of Palestine called _________was
the ancient home of
the ____________,
Hebrews
later called the Jews.
1.
Find Canaan on the map on page 73.
What nation is found at this location today?
Israel
1.
The history, legends, and moral laws of
the Jews have been a major influence on
Western culture, and began a tradition also
shared by Christianity and Islam.
1.
Give two reasons why the location of
Palestine was so important:
By land, it connected the continents of
Africa and Asia.
Its seaports opened onto the most important
waterways, the Mediterranean Sea & Red Sea.
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)
Reading Guide
Canaan
1. The area of Palestine called _________was
the ancient home of
the ____________,
Hebrews
later called the Jews.
1.
Find Canaan on the map on page 73.
What nation is found at this location today?
Israel
1.
The history, legends, and moral laws of
the Jews have been a major influence on
Western culture, and began a tradition also
shared by Christianity and Islam.
1.
Give two reasons why the location of
Palestine was so important:
By land, it connected the continents of
Africa and Asia.
Its seaports opened onto the most important
waterways, the Mediterranean Sea & Red Sea.
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)
Reading Guide
Bible Canaan (Palestine)
5. According to their sacred literature, the _______,
was the land promised to them by God.
1. Jews call the first five books of the Bible the _______.
Torah
(Today ___________also
respect these sacred writings
Christians
as part of the Old Testament of their Bible.)
TORAH = Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy
7. As in other sacred literatures, the books of the Torah describe both

Some events that really happened, and
important lessons

Stories told toteach
______________________(etiological
stories)
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)
Reading Guide
8. _________was
Abraham
chosen by God to be the “father” of the Hebrew people
and promised to give him land (Canaan).
9. Where did Abraham live? Ur, in Mesopotamia.
10. When did Abraham move his people to Canaan? Around 2000 B.C.
11. When did Abraham’s descendents move again, this time to Egypt?
Around 1650 B.C.
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)
Reading Guide
12. How many gods did the Hebrews (and still Jews today) have? One
Does this make them polytheistic or monotheistic?
Monotheistic (worship of 1 god)
13. What did the Hebrews (Jews) name their God? Yahweh
14. In what ways did the Hebrews belief in their God differ from other
peoples of the time?
•a.) only 1 God, others were polytheistic.
•b.) Not associated with any 1 place, could go wherever they went.
•c.) Believed their god, the one and only, was over all peoples,
•
not just them.
•d.) Yahweh was not physical,
•
could not make any physical images of God
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)
Reading Guide
15. The Hebrews believed that Abraham and God had entered a
covenant
________________,
which is a mutual promise or contract.
1. Why did the Hebrews migrate to Egypt in the first place?
Because of a drought / famine in their land
17. Once in Egypt, what happened to them?
They were forced into slavery.
18. When did the Hebrew “exodus” take place?
The Hebrews fled Egypt
around 1300-1200 B.C.
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)
Reading Guide
1.
When did the Hebrew “exodus” take place?
The Hebrews fled Egypt around 1300-1200 B.C.
19. Today Jews celebrate the festival of ________
Passover to remember the Exodus from Egypt.
20. Who led the Hebrews out of slavery
in Egypt? MOSES
21. After leaving Egypt, the Hebrews
wandered for forty years
in the Sinai Desert.
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)
Reading Guide
21. After leaving Egypt, the Hebrews
wandered for forty years in the Sinai Desert.
22. While there, Moses climbed to the top of
Mt. Sinai and brought the Ten Commandments
down from the mountain and delivered them
to the people.
23. In this covenant, God promised to protect the
Hebrews if they obeyed his laws.
24. Look at the Ten Commandments on p. 74.
1 – 5 are concerned with
the people’s relationship with God.
6 – 10 deal with
the people’s relationship with one another.
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)
Reading Guide
1.
After wandering in the desert, where did the Hebrews return to settle down?
Canaan
26. The Hebrews were organized into twelve tribes when they arrived in Canaan.
Were these self-governing? Or controlled by one ruler? Self-governing
27 In times of emergency they were united and led by judges
,
one of the most prominent of whom was a woman named Deborah.
1.
1.
The 10 Commandments were part of a more detailed code of law resembling
Hammurabi
’s Code. However, how did the Hebrew law differ?
Hammurabi’s
strict laws were softened by expressions of God’s mercy and forgiveness.
The Hebrew prophets emphasized both “right conduct” and “worshipping only one
God.” This type of religion is more specifically known as what?
Ethical Monotheism
30. Eventually only the largest tribe, the tribe of Judah, would dominate. That is why
the Hebrews came to be called Jews and their religion is known as Judaism
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)
Reading Guide
31. From 1020 – 922 B.C. the Hebrew tribes united under
3 kings (Saul, David, andand
Solomon)
the new kingdom was called Israel
32. Which of the three kings established Jerusalem as the capital? David
33. Who was the most powerful of the Hebrew kings? Solomon
What did he build? A great temple
This is an artist's
approximation of what
King Solomon's Temple
looked like when it was originally constructed.
The building of the Temple kicked off massive
construction efforts during Solomon's reign that
resulted in the
erection of many royal and public buildings. The
Temple, however, remained the center of Jerusalem
until its initial destruction in the sixth century B.C. by
the Babylonians. Rebuilt and then destroyed a
second time by the Romans in 79 A.D.
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)
Reading Guide
31. From 1020 – 922 B.C. the Hebrew tribes united under
3 kings (Saul, David, andand
Solomon)
the new kingdom was called Israel
32. Which of the three kings established Jerusalem as the capital? David
33. Who was the most powerful of the Hebrew kings? Solomon
What did he build? A great temple
This is an artist's
approximation of what
King Solomon's Temple
looked like when it was originally
constructed.
The building of the Temple kicked off
massive construction efforts during
Solomon's reign that resulted in the
erection of many royal and public buildings.
The Temple, however, remained the center
of Jerusalem until its initial destruction in the
sixth century B.C. by the Romans.
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)
Reading Guide
34. After Solomon’s death the kingdom divided in two.
Israel was in the north and Judah was in the south.
35. In 738 B.C., both kingdoms began paying a
tribute - a peace money paid by weaker
powers to a stronger power,
to the mighty Assyrian empire.
(Locate Assyria on the map, p. 73)
36. But by 722 B.C. the whole northern kingdom
of Israel had fallen to the Assyrians.
37. The southern kingdom of Judah
fell 150 years later to the Babylonians.
38. After the Babylonians conquered the Jews,
what happened to the survivors?
Taken back to Babylon in exile.
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)
Reading Guide
36. But by 722 B.C. the whole northern kingdom
of Israel had fallen to the Assyrians.
37. The southern kingdom of Judah
fell 150 years later to the Babylonians.
38. After the Babylonians conquered the Jews,
what happened to the survivors?
Taken back to Babylon in exile.
1.
How many years before the Jews in exile
were allowed to return to their homeland?
50 years
40. Will the Jews be able to take control of
Palestine for good?
Other empires will rise and fall in the future
taking control of ancient Palestine as well as
the future destiny of the Jewish people.
5
Early History of the Israelites
2000 B.C.–Abraham migrates from Ur in Mesopotamia to Canaan.
He founds the Israelite nation. “Israel” = people of God.
Famine forces Israelites to migrate to Egypt, where they are enslaved.
Moses leads Israelites out of Egypt ~ the “Exodus” ~
receive the 10 Commandments
Israelites enter Canaan, the promised land.
1000 B.C.–David unites Israelites into kingdom of Israel.
Solomon builds capital at Jerusalem, but his rule inspires revolts.
922 B.C.–Kingdom weakens after splitting into Israel and Judah.
722 B.C.–Assyrians conquer Israel.
586 B.C.–Babylonians capture Judah – Babylonian Captivity.
Persians conquer Babylon and free the Jews from captivity.
5
Teachings on Law and
Morality
The laws of the Torah address all aspects of life, from cleanliness and food
preparation to criminal matters.
Jews believe that God gave them a set of laws called the Ten Commandments.
Jewish prophets, or spiritual leaders, preached a code of ethics, or moral standards
of behavior. For this reason it is a religion known as Ethical Monotheism.
Examples:
• The rich and powerful must protect the poor and weak.
• All people are equal under God.
Unlike many ancient people, the Jews believed their leaders were fully human and
bound by God’s law.
Videostreaming: Religions of the World: Judaism: Sacred Words of Judaism
SYMBOLS
The Magen David (or as it is more commonly known, the
Star of David) is the symbol most commonly associated
with Judaism today, but it is actually a relatively new
Jewish symbol. It is supposed to represent the shape of
King David's shield (or perhaps the emblem on it), but there
is really no support for that claim in any rabbinic literature.
In fact, the symbol is so rare in early Jewish literature and artwork that art dealers
suspect forgery if they find the symbol in early works.
Some note that the top triangle strives upward, toward God, while the lower triangle strives
downward, toward the real world. Some note that the intertwining makes the triangles
inseparable, like the Jewish people. Some note that there are actually 12 sides (3 exterior and 3
interior on each triangle), representing the 12 tribes of Israel. While these theories are
theologically interesting, they have little basis in historical fact. The symbol of intertwined
equilateral triangles is actually a common one in the Middle East and North Africa, and is thought
to bring good luck. It appears occasionally in early Jewish artwork, but
never as an exclusively Jewish symbol.
The nearest thing to an "official" Jewish symbol at the time was the menorah.
The Magen David gained popularity again as a symbol of Judaism when it
was adopted as the emblem of the Zionist movement in 1897,
but the symbol continued to be controversial for many years afterward. When
the modern state of Israel was founded in 1949, there was much debate over
whether this symbol should be used on the flag.