Transcript Lesson 5 Early Religions in Africa and the West Title

Lesson 5
Early Religions in Africa and the West
Title
Polytheism

Worshiping many gods
‫عباد آله كثي‬
‫ة ة رة‬
Afterlife

Life after death
‫اآلخرة‬
Mummy

A body that has been dried so it won't decay
‫لذلك االضمحل‬
‫ال‬
‫لن‬
‫ه التي تجف‬
‫يئة تم يفها‬
Egyptian Afterlife


Believed bodies would be used in afterlife
Everyday items and food buried with the dead because these
items would be needed in the afterlife
Important Egyptian Gods
‫اآللهة المصرية الهامة‬

Re
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Osiris

Isis

Anubis

Ptah
Re

God of the sun
Osiris
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God who judged Egyptians after death
Isis

The goddess of birth
Anubis

God of the dead
Ptah

God of craftspeople
Craftspeople
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People who make objects such as furniture, pottery, and tools
،‫ والفخار‬،‫الناس الذين يصنعون األشياء مثل األثاث‬
‫وأدوات‬
Origins of Judaism

Judaism began in ancient Mesopotamia
‫بدأت اليهودية في بالد ما بين النهرين‬
‫القديمة‬
Hebrews

A Mesopotamian group of herders and farmers (2000 B.C.E)
‫مجموعة بالد ما بين النهرين من الرعاة‬
‫والمزارعين‬
Torah

The first five books of the Hebrew bible
‫الكتب الخمسة األولى من الكتاب‬
‫المقدس العبرية‬
Abraham

The father of the Hebrews
‫ والد‬،‫إبراهيم‬
‫العبرانيين‬


According to the Torah, God promised the land of Canaan to
Abraham and his people
Abraham led his people to “the Promised Land” of Canaan
Israelites

The Hebrews in Canaan became known as the Israelites
‫أصبح العبرانيين في كنعان المعروفة‬
‫باسم إسرائيل‬
Famine
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Not enough food
‫ال ما يكفي من‬
‫الغذاء‬
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Around 1300 B.C.E, there was a famine in Canaan
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The starving Israelites went to Egypt
Enslaved
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Took away someone's freedom
‫شخص ما اخذ‬
‫الحرية‬

When the Israelites arrived in Egypt, the Egyptians enslaved
them
Moses

Leader who led the Israelites out of Egypt
‫ زعيم الذي قاد إسرائيل‬،‫موسى‬
‫من مصر‬
Exodus

The Israelites journey from Egypt
‫هجرة بني اسرائيل من‬
‫مصر‬
Exodus


The Egyptian king sent his army to make Moses and his return to
Egypt
According to tradition, God parted the Red Sea for Moses and his
people to cross, but drowned the Egyptians in it
The Ten Commandments

According to the Torah, the ten laws given by God to Moses on
Mount Sinai
‫ وعشرة قوانين التي قدمها‬،‫وفقا للتوراة‬
‫هللا لموسى‬
Covenant

An agreement
‫اتف‬
‫اق‬
First Commandment
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
First commandment said that the Hebrews could worship only
one God
When Moses made a covenant with God, he established a new
religion
Judaism
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The religion of the Jewish people
‫الدين للشعب‬
‫اليهودي‬
Israel

The ancient kingdom of the Israelites
‫المملكة القديمة من بني‬
‫اسرائيل‬
Judaism Influences Western
Civilization

Jewish culture and influence began to spread
Principles
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Rules or beliefs
‫قواعد أو‬
‫المعتقدات‬
Torah

The Torah became central to Jewish life

It provided
History
Laws
Beliefs
Principles
Rules
Rituals
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Religious ceremonies
‫االحتفاالت‬
‫الدينية‬
Monotheism
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Belief in one, all-powerful God
‫اإليمان بالله كل واحد‬
‫قوي‬
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Prior to the Torah, people had believed in many gods

The Torah helped spread the belief in one all powerful God
Philistines
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Invaders who attacked Israel
‫الغزاة الذين هاجموا‬
‫إسرائيل‬
Facing Challenges
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1029 B.C.E Philistines came from Philistia to attack Israel

Later Israelite leaders disagreements caused problems
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922 B.C.E Israel split into two kingdoms, Israel and Judah
Babylonians Invade
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597 B.C.E. Babylon invaded Jerusalem
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Destroy Israelites' Temple
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Enslaved Israelites

Took them to Babylon

Israelites became known as Jews
Jews

The new name of the Israelites
‫االسم الجديد‬
‫إلسرائيل‬
King Cyrus II
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Captured Babylon
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Freed Jews
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Many Jews returned to Jerusalem and rebuilt temple
Prophets and the Messiah
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Prophets were spiritual leaders who predicted the future
‫كانوا أنبياء الزعماء الروحيين الذي توقع‬
‫المستقبل‬
Messiah

A king the prophets believed would come to rule the Jews
‫ومن شأن الملك األنبياء يعتقد يأتي‬
‫لحكم اليهود‬
Origins of Christianity

A second monotheistic religion begins in Palestine
Christianity

Religion based on Jewish ideas and the teachings of Jesus
‫الدين القائمة على األفكار اليهودية‬
‫وتعاليم يسوع‬
Jesus

A Jewish teacher who developed the ideas on which Christianity
is based
‫المعلم اليهودي الذي طور األفكار التي يستند‬
‫المسيحية‬
Jesus

Born when Romans ruled Judea

Story told in the Gospels
4 books written after Jesus' death by his disciples
Disciples
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Followers of Jesus
‫أتباع‬
‫يسوع‬
Disciples who wrote the Gospel
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Mathew

Mark

Luke

John
Jesus

According to the Gospels, Jesus
- taught that the kingdom of God was coming
- performed miracles
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People began to believe Jesus was the Messiah and could free
them from Roman rule
Overthrow
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Remove someone from power by force
‫إزالة شخص ما من السلطة‬
‫بالقوة‬
Overthrow

Roman leaders were scared Jesus and his followers might
overthrow them
Crucifixion
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The Roman governor ordered Jesus to be killed by crucifixion

Crucifixion is the execution by hanging from a cross
‫االعدام شنقا من كرة‬
‫عرضية‬
Resurrection
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The return of Jesus from the dead
‫عودة يسوع من بين‬
‫األموات‬
Christianity Spreads


Jesus' followers carried on his teachings
One follower, Paul, spread Christianity throughout the Roman
Empire