Transcript 10.1.2.Trace the development of the Western political

By :
Atthapak Daruthayan,
Elizabeth Altounian,
Emily Mares
Idean Aminian,
Jonathan Lengkong,
Malik Thomas,
Zaryab Kharal,
GHCHS-Mr. Silva
WH-10
Period 2
2011- 2012
1. Analyze the similarities and differences in Judeo- Christian
and Greco-Roman views of law, reason and faith, and duties
of the individual.
2. Trace the development of the Western political ideas of the
rule of law and illegitimacy of tyranny, using selections from
Plato’s Republic and Aristotle’s Politics.
3. Consider the influence of the U.S. Constitution on political
system in the contemporary world.
Types of Government
Monarchy
Ruled by a
single
person
such as an
emperor
or king
Oligarchy
Aristocracy
Democracy
Ruled by a
small
group
such as an
elite high
council
Ruled by a
few people
who are in a
higher
social
class(often
wealthy)
All adult
citizens
have an
equal say
in
decisions
that effect
their lives
10.1 Page 5
Greece
Athens


Conservative
Invented direct
democracy
Makes an end
of democracy
Greece


Sparta
Radical
Most of them are

1.
2.
Legacy of Greece
Appearance of Greek philosophers
Made
Three
Branches of
Government
Legislative
Executive
Pass Laws
Carry out Laws
10.1 Page 8
Judicial
Settle disputes
About the laws
Picture of
three
Branches in
United States
Rome
Rome
Bagan, the
ancient
kingdom of
Burma
Kingdom
Republic
Citizens
have the
right to
elect
leaders
Rome
The Twelve
Tables
Senate
Written Law
Code by
Plebeians
The Twelve
Tables
1)Make Laws
2)Control foreign
and financial
policies

Roman Law
A Written Legal Code
1)
2)
“The Code” contains 5,000 Roman laws.
“The Institutes” served as textbook for law
students

1)
2)
3)
Greece
Solon : He is a political
reform.
Cleisthenes : Athenian
leader and political
reform.
Socrates, Plato, and other
philosophers : they are
philosophers who used
logic and reason.
Appeared after war with
Sparta.

1)
2)
3)
Rome
Plebeians : common
farmers, artisans, and
merchants.
Patricians: Aristocratic
landowners who held the
most of the power.
Justinian : He wrote
Justinian Code.
Books and the Author
“The Republic”
by
Plato
“The Politics”
by
Aristotle
“Justinian Code”
by
Justinian
Ancient
Religion
Judaism
Christianity
Renaissance
and
Reformation
Islam
Judaism
• The religion of the Hebrews.
• Abraham is chose by God to be
the “father” or ancestor, of the
Hebrew people.
• The first five of the old testament
Christian bible is Torah.
The picture above
represents the
symbol of Judaism,
was founded by
Abraham, the father
of Judaism.
Judaism – Ten Commandments
• The Ten commandments are the
ten orders or laws given by God to
Moses and become law of morality
for Judaism.
• Focus on morality, ethics and less
on politics.
The painting above shows
Moses with the Ten
Commandments, was drawn
by France artist, Philippe de
Champaigne in 1648.
Christianity
• Christianity was founded by
Jesus, was derived from the name
Christ.
• Jesus of Nazareth prophet of
Christianity is a Jew and Roman.
He began his public ministry at
the age of 30.
• Christos is a Greek word meaning
“messiah” or “savior”.
The Cross above represents
the symbol of Christianity
because it is where Jesus
sacrificed his life to baptize
people from sins.
Christianity – The Spread and Teaching of Christianity
• The preaching contained many ideas
from Jewish tradition, such as
monotheism and the principles of the
Ten Commandments.
• Christianity spread slowly but
steadily across the Roman Empire.
The apostle “Paul” preached in cities
around Eastern Mediterranean.
"Jesus
Preaches the
Sermon on
the Mount"
(1886-1896),
watercolor
by James J.
Tissot
Islam
• based on the teachings of the
prophet Muhammad.
• The followers of Islam called
Muslims.
• followers required to show
tolerance for the religious
practices of Jews and Christian
• Required to follow the five pillars
of Islam
Sacred
symbol of
Islam
Renaissance and Reformation
•Renaissance: a brilliant
cultural movement that
arose in Europe
•French for “rebirth”.
Reformation: a religious
reform movement that
began in the 16th century.

England Develops Democracy
William
(From France)
Battle of
Hastings
The Anglo- Saxons
(From England)
William won and led England to:
1) The end of feudalism- the
political and economic system
of the Middle Ages
2) Beginning of centralized
Government
3) Development of democracy

Henry II ruled England
1) Replaces trial by combat or deal with
jury trial.
2) Makes royal judges – 12 men in 1 case
3) Common Law – reflects customs,
principles established over time
- Became basis of legal system in U. S.
Creation of the Magna Carta
- Arose from nobles wanting traditional political rights.

- Was a contract between Kings and Nobles of England.
- Limited Monarch's power.
-
Monarch's had to govern according too law.
- Image demonstrates equal power.
- Actual document of Magna Carta.

Conflict With the Monarch
- Monarchs continue to rule unequally.
- Claim they hold a "Divine Right" (Chosen by God), ultimately giving
them absolute rule over all.
- English accuse James I of Tyranny.
- James I ignores all claims and parliament.
Image Depicts King being crowned by angel, (divine).

Parliament Overthrows the King
- Charles I comes to power in a hostile state.
- King Charles needs money, and signs contract with parliament
stating certain conditions.
- After Charles receives money, he ignores agreements.
- Feeling pressured, Charles I dissolves parliament.
- Civil War breaks out, King is executed.
- Oliver Cromwell establishes "Commonwealth of England", instead of
monarchy.

Parliament Overthrows the King,Pt.2
- Cromwell doesn't like the government, then goes on too establish
"The Protectorate", and declares himself Lord.
- Cromwell dies, England is unhappy. Son takes thrown and is
overthrown.
- Monarchy is restored, called "The Restoration".
(Image depicts happiness of
England as monarchy is
restored. )

Glorious Revolution
- James II takes throne when Charles dies, parliament
withdraws support and gives it to William and Mary.
- Parliament establishes right to limit power, equality comes
to bout, called the "Glorious Revolution."
- England establishes constitutional monarchy.
- English recognize it as the greatest revolution ever known.

English Bill of Rights
- William and Mary accept a proposed document called the
"Bill of rights" in 1689.
- Bill of Rights limited monarch's power and protected free
speech in parliament.
- A formal summary of the rights and liberties believed to be
essential to all people.
Actual Bill of rights----------
Voltaire and Rousseau




Only ones in enlightment who admired the
democratic nature of English institutions.
Rousseau- social contract (1762)
-agreement among free individuals to create a
goverement that does what people ask.
Rousseau advocated democracy.
Hobbes called the social contract
10.1.4 Page 25
Montesquieu






The Spirit of the Laws (1748)
wanted to control government
Separation of powers:
1. legislative branch
2. executive branch
3. people to interpret them
French philosopher who recognized liberty as
a natural right
10.1.4 Page 25
The Beginning of Democracy in America
THE END