Transcript Judaism
Jakub Lipczyk Hubert Sulich Max Noonan Preston Chonkar JUDAISM HISTORY OF JUDAISM History of Judaism is told in the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), which is a collection of three holy books Judaism originated about 3800 years ago with Abraham (c. 1800 B.C.) He was hailed as the father of the Jewish people http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/judaism/history/history_1.shtml SPREAD OF JUDAISM Abraham moved to Canaan (the Promised Land) to start a new religion The Jews were enslaved by the Egyptian pharoah, and then rescued by Moses Judaism prospered during the rule of several powerful kings, such as Saul, David, and Solomon Today, there are over 13 million followers of Judaism MAJOR EVENTS Plagued by famine, many followers of Judaism migrated to Egypt, where they were enslaved They were led to freedom by Moses (during the Exodus), who was given the Ten Commandments by God Israel was formed as a political nation in 1400 B.C. First Israeli king was Saul, who defeated the Ammonites (c. 1020 B.C.) MAJOR EVENTS (CONTINUED) The Eastern Roman Empire passed a number of laws that restricted believing in Judaism (5th century A.D.) Many Jews were brutally murdered during the Crusades (1096-1188 A.D.) The Holocaust was perhaps the worst moment in the history of Judaism, when around six million Jews were killed by the Nazis (1939-1945 A.D.) MAIN PRINCIPLES OF JUDAISM Judaism is monotheistic, meaning that Jews believe in only one almighty God Three main denominations: Orthodox, Reform, and Conservative Judaism Orthodox – Traditional form of Judaism Reform – Over one and a half million Jews are members of “The Union for Reform Judaism” Conservative – Moderate position between Orthodox and Reform, founded by Zacharias Frankel (1801-1875) JEWISH CALENDAR Jewish calendar is based on three astronomical phenomena: Rotation of the Earth about its axis Revolution of the moon about the Earth Revolution of the Earth about the Sun Months are either 29 or 30 days, years are either 12 or 13 months Jewish Calendar Length English Number Civil Equivalent Nissan 1 30 days March-April Iyar 2 29 days April-May Sivan 3 30 days May-June Tammuz 4 29 days June-July Av 5 30 days July-August Elul 6 29 days August-September Tishri 7 30 days September-October Cheshvan 8 29 or 30 days October-November Kislev 9 30 or 29 days NovemberDecember Tevet 10 29 days December-January Shevat 11 30 days January-February Adar I (Leap years only) 12 30 days February-March Adar (called Adar Beit in leap years) 12 (13 in leap years) 29 days February-March MAJOR HOLIDAYS/CUSTOMS Brit/Bris milah – Circumcision of child Rosh Hashanah – Jewish New Year Yom Kippur – Holiday of atonement and repentence Channukah – Eight-day Jewish holiday commemorating the rededication of the Holy Temple in Jerusalem at the time of the Maccabean Revolt Pesach (Passover) – holiday commemorating the Israelites’ escape from Egypt WORKS CITED http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/judaism/history/histor y_1.shtml http://www.religionfacts.com/judaism/history.htm http://www.majorreligionsoftheworld.com/jewish_denominatio ns.php