Transcript File - Mrs. Davis` Class

Hebrews, Phoenicians,
and Lydians
Chapter 2
Lesson 4
The Hebrews
• Abraham
• According to Hebrew Bible, God
•
•
•
•
spoke to Abraham
Leave homeland and settle in
a new land
Canaan
God agreed to look after
Abraham and his decedents
if they would worship only
one God (covenant)
Monotheism
• Abraham is believed to have been the
founder of the Jewish faith
• Judaism
• One of the first monotheistic religions,
before all other religions called polytheism
• The Hebrews lived in Canaan until moving
to Egypt
• What happened while living in Egypt?
• The Egyptians forced the
Hebrews into slavery
• The practice of one
person owning another
person
• God chose Moses to lead the Hebrews out
of Egypt
• He gave Moses the Ten Commandments
The Hebrew Bible
• God gave Moses five books
when He gave him the Ten
Commandments
• Torah
• The first five books of the Hebrew Bible
• Provided guidance and laws for the Jewish
people
Israel and Judah
• The Hebrews lived in tribes and fought
against the Canaanites
• Deborah, a judge chosen by God,
predicted a woman would win the war
against Canaan
• Women had little power at this time and
Deborah became an important leader of
the Hebrew Nation
• c. 1000 B.C., King David united all the
Hebrew tribes
• New kingdom: Israel
• Solomon, David’s son, built a temple to
store the Torah and as a
house of worship
• Solomon took over the
kingdom, he was a wise
ruler and reigned during
a peaceful time
• Israel was successful
• After Solomon’s death, the kingdom split
• North: Israel
• South: Judah
• Assyrians and Babylonians conquered
Israel and Judah
• The people of Judah continued to practice
their faith
Judaism Today
• Judaism is practiced by millions of people
• They worship in synagogues
• Celebrate Passover
• Holiday that honors the escape of the
Hebrews from Egypt
• Religious Jewish leaders are called rabbis
Phoenicians and Lydians
• When Solomon was ruling he set up
trading partnerships with neighbors
• The Phoenicians were one group that
traded with Solomon
• Trading port of Carthage
• Expert sailors
• Trading linked the world allowing goods
and ideas to be shared
• Important Phoenician contribution:
• Modern alphabet
• Most of the world used cuneiform and had
around 700 symbols
• Phoenician alphabet only had 22
characters
• Consonants
• The Greeks later added the vowels
• Phoenician traders had trouble with
payments
• Every group had different ways to pay
• Bartering
• Bars of silver
• The Lydians are believed to have invented
the first coins
• The value of the coin was guaranteed by
the king