Transcript Chapter 7 Section 1 (Part I & II)

Comunicación y Gerencia
The Early
Israelites
Chapter 7 Section 1 (Part I & II)
7-1 (Part I)
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Who were the Hebrews?
Who was Abraham?
Where was the kingdom of Canaan located?
How are Judaism and Islam connected?
Who made up the 12 Tribes?
Why did the Hebrews move to Egypt and
what happens to them?
• What does Passover celebrate?
• Why is the Exodus a significant event in
Jewish history?
• What was the covenant described in the
Torah?
Background Information
• Between 2000-1500 BC a new people
appeared in SW Asia. They were the Hebrews:
ancestors to the Israelites and Jews
• Simple herders
• Developed a culture that became a major
influence on other civilizations.
• Much of what is known about this period is
based on the findings of archaeologists and
accounts written by Jewish scribes.
• These early accounts describe the laws of
Judaism.
• In time, these accounts became the Hebrew
Bible which is largely the same as the Old
Testament of the Christian Bible.
Beginnings of Canaan
• The Hebrew Bible traces the Hebrews back to
a man named Abraham.
• Father of the Hebrews
• According to the Hebrew Bible, God told
Abraham to leave Mesopotamia and journey
west.
• God promised (covenant) to lead Abraham to
a new land and make his descendants into a
mighty nation.
• Abraham left Mesopotamia and settles in
Canaan: Located along the Med. Sea T
• Today: Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan
Canaan
Father Abraham
• Abraham and his wife
Sarai (Sarah) could
have no children.
• God makes a promise
to Sarai that she will
have a child with
Abraham.
• After many years of
waiting, she loses
faith.
• Abraham has a son with
Hagar (Sarai’s servant):
Ishmael.
– Ishmael is honored in
Judaism, Christianity,
and Islam.
• Years later, God’s
promise to Abraham &
Sarai (Sarah) comes true.
– She has a son named
Isaac.
– Isaac would have a
son, Jacob (aka Israel)
Father Abraham
• Sarai casts Hagar and
her son Ishmael out of
their settlement.
• Hagar fled into the
desert.
• When they run out of
food and water, Hagar is
saved by God and
promised that Ishmael
would be the “father” of a
great nation.
• That nation would grow
into the Islamic religion.
Two Religions from Two Brothers
Jacob’s 12 Sons
• Jacob would raise 12 sons.
• His family was divided into
tribes, or separate family groups
• Jacob’s name means “Israel”:
one that struggles with God.
• His family became known as the
12 Tribes of Israel
• Lived in Canaan for about 100
yrs.
A Move to Egypt
• Israelites
(Hebrews) faced
drought and famine
in Canaan
• Fled to Egypt to
survive
Life in Egypt
• Pharaohs enslaved them after the Hebrew
population became too large.
• Used them for harsh labor
• Pharaoh ordered all Israelite baby boys to
be thrown into the Nile to prevent rebellion
• One baby was placed in a basket and sent
down the river.
• The baby was found by the pharaoh’s
daughter and named Moses.
Moses
• Moses reappears in Egypt
years after being exiled.
• C.1290 BC: Saw the
Burning Bush
• Told by God to lead them
out of Egypt to freedom.
• Moses demands the
pharaoh release the
Israelites, but the pharaoh
refused.
• Soon God sent a series of
plagues to Egypt.
The Plagues
• God sent 10 plagues to
trouble Egypt
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1. Water to blood
2. Frogs
3. Gnats/Lice
4. Flies
5. Diseased Livestock
6. Boils
7. Thunder/Hail/Fire
8. Locusts
9. Darkness
10.Death to Firstborn
Passover
• The 10th plague killed all
first-born children except
those of Israelites who
marked their doors with
lamb’s blood
• The plague passed-over
these doors
• This convinced the
pharaoh to let the people
go.
• Today, Jews celebrate
this event with a holiday
called Passover.
Israelites Leave Egypt
• Following the 10th
plague, the pharaoh
releases the
Israelites.
• As the Israelites fled
east, the pharaoh
changed his mind
and sent an army
after them.
Exodus
• According to the Bible, God
parted the Red Sea for the
Israelites and drowned the
soldiers who followed.
• The Israelite’s escape is
described in the book of
Exodus.
• The Exodus is a major
event in Jewish history
because they believed they
had been set free because
God loved them.
• It is referenced throughout
history by many other
groups who have been
enslaved.
The Torah
• Laws received by Moses
on the top of Mt. Sinai.
• Became the 1st part of
the Hebrew Bible.
– Genesis, Exodus,
Leviticus, Numbers,
Deuteronomy
• Described a covenant or
agreement with God.
• The covenant was that
God promised to return
the Israelites to Canaan
if they followed God’s
laws.
• Contained the Ten
Commandments
• Helped develop a
belief in the “rule of
law”
• They eventually
reached Canaan.
• The 12 Tribes lived in
small scattered
communities with
judges to settle
disputes.
Comunicación y Gerencia
End of Part I
Chapter 7 Section 1
7-1 Part II
• Why did the Israelites unite under a king?
• How did David and Solomon strengthen the
kingdom of Israel?
• What happened to Israel after the death of
Solomon?
• What happened during the Babylonian
Captivity?
• How were Israelite women treated?
• How did Ruth & Naomi set an example for
other Israelites?
• What are the basic beliefs of Judaism?
Kings Unite the Israelites
• The new threat to the
Israelites was the
Philistines.
• Israelites needed a single
ruler to lead them in battle
against the Philistines.
• This ruler was Saul.
• Saul had success as a
military commander, but
was not a strong king.
• He never won the support
of tribal and religious
leaders.
• They often disputed his
decisions.
King David
• After Saul dies, David
was named king.
• Background:
– Shepherd
– Slew the Philistine
giant Goliath
– Admired for his military
skills and as a poet
• Had been anointed
king in secret while
Saul was still alive
• Lived in the desert
until Saul died.
• Unlike Saul, David was
well loved by the
Israelites.
• He won the full support
of Israel’s tribal
leaders.
• Defeated the
Philistines and many
other people of
Canaan.
• He established the
capital of Israel in
Jerusalem.
King Solomon
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David’s son
Took the throne in 965 BC
Expanded the kingdom
Made nearby kingdoms his
allies
• Trade with allies made Israel
rich.
• Solomon used these riches
to build a great temple to
God in Jerusalem.
• This Temple became the
center of the Israelites’
religious life and a symbol of
their faith.
• Solomon was well known
for his proverbs
David & Solomon
• David and Solomon both strengthened the
kingdom of Israel.
Both ruled with the full support of the tribal
leaders
Both conquered enemies
Both added land to the kingdom
After Solomon Dies…
• Revolts broke out
over who should be
king
• Israel split into 2
kingdoms:
– Israel
– Judah
• The people of Judah
became the Jews.
• The two kingdoms
lasted for a few
centuries.
• The Assyrians
conquered Israel
while the Chaldeans
conquered Judah
The Dispersal of the Jews
• The Chaldeans
captured Jerusalem
and destroyed
Solomon’s temple.
• They forced
thousands of Jews
to work as slaves in
Babylon.
• The Jews called this
the Babylonian
Captivity.
• It lasted 50 years.
• When the Persians
conquered the
Chaldeans, the
Jews were released.
• Many did not return
home and moved to
other lands.
• This is referred to as
the Jewish
Diaspora.
Women in Israelite Society
• Israelite women were
dominated by Israelite
men.
• Men made most
decisions.
• A woman’s husband
was chosen by her
father.
• However, some
Israelite and Jewish
women made great
contributions to their
society.
• Some women in the
Hebrew Bible were
seen as examples of
how Israelite/Jewish
women should
behave.
• Example: Ruth &
Naomi
– Ruth’s devotion to
Naomi served as a
model for how to
treat family
members.
Israelite Faith
• Became the religion of
• Believed to have
Judaism
descended from Abraham
• Followers became known as
• Believed God told
Jews
Abraham to leave
• Basic Beliefs are:
Mesopotamia and settle
– Monotheism, Education,
in Canaan and worship
Justice & Righteousness,
the one true God.
Observance of Law
• Believed God promised
• Influenced Christianity and
the land of Canaan would
Islam
belong to them
• Helped shape the beliefs of
European and American
societies
• Basic Beliefs are:
– Monotheism: The Hebrew name for God is YHWH which is
never pronounced by Jews because they feel it is too holy.
– Their monotheistic faith set them apart from other religions.
– Education: Teaching children the basics of the religion is
important. Older boys studied with professional teachers to
learn their religion.
– Justice & Righteousness: They believe in kindness and
fairness and doing what is proper. Righteous behavior is more
important than formal ceremonies.
– Observance of Law: Most important Jewish laws are the Ten
Commandments. Additional Mosaic Laws guide their daily lives.
(Ex: Forbids working on holidays or Sabbath.)
Judaism
• Influenced Christianity and Islam
• Helped shape the beliefs of European and
American societies.