Transcript The role of religion in the middle east

THE THREE MAJOR RELIGION S
IN
EUROPE
• Judaism
• Christianity
• Islam
JERUSALEM
• Religion has always been an important factor in
the history of the Middle East. It is holy to the
three largest monotheistic* religions in the world:
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Control over
the region has exchanged from one religious
group to another over the years, bringing battles
both political and religious that continue to this
day.
*belief in one god
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JUDAISM
1300 B.C.E.
Palestine/Jerusalem/Israel
Abraham, Moses
Torah
(Old Testament)
• Talmud
( Laws: 10 Commandments)
• Yahweh, Jehovah
• Monotheistic
•
•
•
•
JUDAISM
• Worship in a
synagogue, temple
• Rabbi’s, Cantors
• Religious day:
Saturday
MAJOR BRANCHES
• Orthodox
• Conservative
• Reform
Religious Holidays:
• Yom Kippur:
•
•
•
•
Atonement
Chanukah:
Festival of Lights
Rosh Hashanah:
Happy New Year
Hebrews /Jews
Challah bread
CHRISTIANITY
30 C.E.
Palestine/ Israel
Jesus, Peter, Paul
Bible:(Old Testament)+
New Testament
• Ten Commandments
• God
•
•
•
•
CHRISTIANITY
• Church, Chapel,
Cathedral, Basilica
• Priest, Pope,
Pastor,Minister,
Deacon,Preacher
• Religious day:
Sunday
CHRISTIANITY
Religious Holidays:
• Christmas, Lent,
Easter
• Protestant, Catholic
• Christians
ISLAM
•
•
•
•
•
•
Began in 622 C.E.
Saudi Arabia
Mecca
Medina
Jerusalem
Founder: Muhammad
ISLAM
• Qu’ran /Koran:
religious text
• Allah:
supreme being
• Sharia:
religious Law
ISLAM
•
•
•
•
Mosque
Minarets, Muezzin
Imams
Religious day: Friday
ISLAM
• Ramadan: holiest
month in Islam
– Can eat after
sun down-sun up
– Moslems/Muslims
– Sunnis: more
orthodoxtraditional beliefs
– Shi’ites: Believe
to be direct
descendants
of Muhammad
RELIGION IN THE MIDDLE EAST
• Jerusalem is holy to the three largest monotheistic
religions in the world: Christianity, Islam, and Judaism.
Many of the holiest places of Christianity are found in
present-day Israel. Christianity spread out towards
Western Europe where the majority of Christians lived
by the Middle Ages.
• Islam flourished in the Middle East in the 800’s and
Arabic became the official language of this region.
• Except for the Crusades, the Middle East has been
dominated by Muslims for almost 1400 years.