Transcript 2015 Middle East Religions Overview PowerPoint Lecture

Judaism,
Christianity,
and Islam
The Three Religions
1. Judaism, Jew
2. Christianity,
Christian
3. Islam, Muslim
Star of David
The Cross
Crescent Moon
and Star
Comparative Religions
Religion
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Origins
Canaan
~2000 BCE
Palestine
~30 CE
Saudi Arabia
622 CE
Founders
Moses
Jesus Christ
Mohammad
Adherents
Jews
Christians
Muslims
Population
14 million
2.1 billion
1.5 billion
Israel, Euro, US
Euro, Americas,
Africa
Mid East, SE Asia
Comparative Religions
Religion
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Diety
God
Yahweh,
Elohim
God
God
Allah
Holy Book
“People of the
book”
Torah
(Old Test.)
Bible
(Old and New Test.)
Qur’an
(Koran)
Religious Law
Halakhah
Canon Law
Sharia
Place of
Worship
Synagogue
Church
Chapel
Cathedral
Mosque
Clergy
Rabbis
Priest, Minister, Pastor
Imam
Some
Similarities
1. Monotheistic
2. Abrahamic –
Recognize Abraham as
Patriarch (father)
3. Consider city of
Jerusalem to be
Holy
4. All connected to
parts of the Bible.
Origins and History
of
Each Faith
4000–550 BC
Abraham’s Genealogy
All 3 Religions are linked by Abraham—He is the patriarch of all 3
•Islam-Quran
HAGAR
•Judaism-Torah
ABRAHAM
SARAH
Ishmael
Isaac
12 Arabian
Tribes
Jacob/Israel Esau
•Muhammad
(the last
prophet)
•Quran and the
Five Pillars of
Islam
Mecca
(Muslims)
12 Tribes of
Israel
•2 Tribes - (Jews) of Judah •Other 10 tribes(Israelites)
•Jesus Christ (son of God)
(Hebrews)
•The Hebrew Bible - Old
Testament in the Christian
Bible
Ten Commandments
Origins of Each Faith
• Date and Place founded:
– Judaism – approximately 1300 B.C. in
Palestine
• Some say the date is unknown
– Christianity – approximately 33 A.D. in
Palestine
– Islam – 622 A.D. in Saudi Arabia
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Founders and Early Leaders
• Founders and Early Leaders
• All three trace their origins originally to
Abraham as explained in the reading
– Judaism – Abraham and Moses
– Christianity – Jesus
– Islam - Muhammad
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Brief History on Origins
• Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded
Judaism around 2000 B.C.
– Judaism is the oldest of the monotheistic faiths
(religions with one God).
• Christianity - Founded by Jesus Christ, who was
crucified around A.D. 30 in Jerusalem
– After his death his followers came to believe in
him as the Christ, the Messiah.
• Islam - Founded in Arabia by Muhammad
between A.D. 610 and A.D. 632
Spread of Each Faith
• Early Expansion
– Judaism – Little expansion mostly confined to
Israel
– Christianity – by the end of the 4th century
Christianity spread across the entire Roman
Empire
– Islam – Within 12 years, entire Arabian
peninsula
• After 100 years stretched from Spain to
Southeast Asia
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Terms for Followers and Clergy
• Followers Called:
– Judaism Jews
– Christianity  Christians
– Islam  Muslims
• Clergy Called:
– Judaism  rabbis
– Christianity  bishop, pastor, ministers, priest
– Islam  imams
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More Detailed History on Each
Religion
Judaism Timeline
•
1800 BCE  Hebrews flee Canaan,
migrate to Egypt (enslaved).
– Lead by Moses to Sinai Peninsula.
Covenant w/God.
– 1 God, 10 Commandments, Chosen
People
•
1025 BCE form kingdom of Israel in
Fertile Crescent.
– Kings David & Solomon help reach
greatest glory
•
500 BCE Persians take over, Return to
Israel & rebuild temple in Jerusalem.
•
70 CE  Romans expel Jews from
Israel/Palestine – diaspora…
– Won’t return until late 1800s
Christianity
•
Jesus born in Roman ruled Palestine
(Bethlehem)
– Carpenter’s apprentice
– Studied w/ rabbis - Preacher 30 yrs old
•
Some believed he was the messiah – Savior
from foreign rule, restore kingdom
•
Roman’s, scared of popularity & refusal to
accept emperor as a god, crucified him in 33
CE.
•
Followers, Christians, spread word
– Everyone equal, salvation & eternal life
– Persecuted by Romans, became martyrs
– 313 CE, Emperor Constantine converts
– 395 CE, official religion Roman Empire
Islam Timeline
• 610 CE Angel Gabriel tells
Mohammed he is to be the
messenger of God/Allah
– Merchant in Mecca
• 622  flee to Medina, build 1st
mosque
– Hejira – Yr 1 of Muslim Calendar
– Prophet
• Expansion of Islam
– Uses war & political maneuvering
to spread ideas
– 632 control Peninsula
– 732 Atlantic to Indus
How They Worship
Where and When They Worship
• House of Worship
– Judaism: synagogue or temple
– Christianity: church, cathedral, chapel
– Islam: mosque
 Day of Worship
o Judaism: Saturday
o Christianity: Sunday
o Islam: Friday
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Languages of Faiths
• Original Language
– Judaism: Hebrew
– Christianity: Aramaic and Greek, then Latin
– Islam: Arabic
• Names of God
– Judaism: Yahweh and Elohim
– Christianity: God, the Trinity
– Islam: Allah
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Holy/Religious Texts
Sacred Texts of Each Faith
• Sacred Texts
• All three accept the Old Testament
as explained in the reading.
– Judaism: Hebrew Bible is the Torah,
Talmud
– Christianity: Old Testament and New
Testament
– Islam: Qur’an (Koran)
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Beliefs
Monotheistic Beliefs
• Ultimate Reality (Type of Theism)
– Judaism: One God
– Christianity: Trinity (God the father, God the
Son, and God the Holy Spirit)
– Islam: One God
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Divine Revelation---God’s Words
How do we know about God?
– Judaism: through prophets; recorded in the Hebrew
Bible
– Christianity: through prophets and Jesus as recorded
in the Old and New Testament
– Islam: through God’s final prophet Muhammad;
recorded in the Qur’an
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Identity of Jesus
–Judaism: False prophet
–Christianity: Son of God, the Messiah,
Savior
–Islam: prophet of God
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Death of Jesus
– Judaism: death by Crucifixion
– Christianity: death by Crucifixion
– Islam: Did not die, but ascended into
heaven (a disciple took his place)
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Resurrection of Jesus
–Judaism: Denied
–Christianity: Affirmed
–Islam: Denied; since he did not die
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Means of Salvation
– Judaism: Belief in one God; good deeds
– Christianity: correct belief, good deeds;
by faith accept Christ as Savior
(Protestants)
– Islam: Belief in one God; good deeds
and follow Five Pillars of Faith
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Afterlife
–Judaism: eternal heaven/
eternal hell
–Christianity: eternal heaven/
eternal hell
–Islam: eternal paradise
(heaven)/ eternal hell
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Symbols
of
Faiths
Symbols
– Judaism: Star of David
– Christianity: cross
– Islam: crescent with name of Allah in Arabic
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Followers
Where They Can Be Found
• Major Locations TODAY
– Judaism: Europe, Israel, North America
– Christianity: Europe, North and South America
– Islam: Africa, Middle East, and Southeast Asia
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PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
Current Worldwide Followers TODAY
– Judaism: 14 million (ranks 12th)
– Christianity: 2 billion (ranks 1st)
– Islam: 1.3 billion (ranks 2nd)
In the USA
• Judaism: 5.6 million
• Christianity: 159 million
• Islam: 1.1 million
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