Transcript Islam
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Monotheism
The belief in one all
powerful God.
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Characteristics of Judaism
The father of Judaism = Abraham.
Messiah is yet to come
Jesus was just another prophet.
Torah: Holy Book of Judaism
Sabbath =Saturday = spent in prayer, study, rest, and feasting.
Yahweh = God
Passover = Exodus (escape) from Egypt
The Jewish year includes five major festivals— Passover, Shabuoth, Sukkot,
Rosh Hashanah, and Yom Kippur—and two minor ones— Hanukkah and Purim.
Bible = main source of ancient history
Judaism
1900 BC – Abraham and his family left Ur and settled in
Canaan at the request of Yahweh (god).
According to the Bible, God made a covenant (an
agreement) with Abraham.
God promised to make a great nation if they would
remain faithful to God.
The Exodus from Egypt (Passover)
The 12 tribes of Israel migrated to Egypt to escape
famine. Lived peacefully until Egyptians tried
to enslave them.
1200 BC: Moses led his people out of Egypt to
escape. Every year during the feast of Passover,
Jews celebrate the exodus from Egypt.
God renewed covenant made with Abraham
during the exodus. Israelites pledged loyalty to
God and God’s laws (The Ten
Commandments); God promised a safe return
to Canaan.
Islam
The Arabian Peninsula
Traced back to as early as
3000 BC
Remote – empires from
North could not invade
Nomadic
AD 500: market towns
develop.
Most important was
Makkah
Muhammad
610 AD: Muhammad experienced a
revelation (vision) – he heard a voice calling
him to be an apostle of Allah and preach his
word.
One God measured worth of people by
devotion and good deed. All who believed
in God were equal. Live lives in preparation
for judgment.
622 is the 1st year on the Islamic calendar.
The Islamic State
Loyalty to community over tribe.
Wrote everything down in the Quran
became the holy scriptures of Islam
Makkah = spiritual capital of Islam.
Beliefs and Practices
Quran shows the basic moral values of Islam
Quran has specific rules guiding daily life:
i.e. forbids gambling, eating pork
Church and state are unified under Islam.
Five Pillars of Islam
1)
Muslims believe in ONE all powerful God
2) During the month of Ramadan, Muslims will fast from
sunrise to sunset (ZERO food)
3) Pray FIVE times a day facing Makkah – sunrise, noon,
afternoon, sunset, evening.
4) Muslims are expected to take ONE pilgrimage (hajj) to
Makkah in their lifetime
5) Muslims will donate TWO percent of their wealth (not
income) to charity
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Christianity
AD 30-AD 33: A Jew named Jesus preached a
new message to his fellow Jews and winning
over disciples (followers)
Disciples believed he was the Messiah
Roman officials worried – anyone who aroused
such public feeling could endanger Roman rule
AD 33: Roman governor, Pontius Pilate, arrested
Jesus as a political rebel and ordered his
crucifixion.
The Spread of Christianity
Disciples claimed that Jesus had risen from the dead,
evidence that he was the Messiah.
Son of God
Those who accepted Jesus and his teaching became
known as Christians (Christos is the Greek word for
Messiah) and formed churches.
Writings, teaching and stories about Jesus = New
Testament of the Bible.
Persecution & Competition
Christians refused to honor the emperor and rejected
military service. Romans had Christians killed, or threw
these martyrs into stadiums to be killed by wild beasts in
front of cheering crowds.
Many fearful of becoming Christian. Also had to compete
with polytheistic religions, mystery religions and with
Judaism.
AD 200s and 300s Christianity flourished in the
Mediterranean world.