Transcript File
ISS World History 9 Guiding Question • What was the lasting influence of the Israelites? • Monotheism • The Torah • The Ten Commandments Israelites • To the south of the Phoenicians lived another group of people known as the Israelites. • Minor factor in politics, but their religion, Judaism, flourished. • Influenced religions of Christianity, Islam. Referred to as: -Israelites -Hebrews -Jews Terms used interchangeably Judaism • The Jews are monotheistic • Believe in one god who is the creator of the world and everything in it. • God created nature, but is not identified with it. • The sun, wind, etc, are not gods, but God’s creation to be admired but not worshipped. The Torah (Old Testament) The most sacred text in the Jewish religious tradition. The first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible : 1. Genesis 2. Exodus 3. Leviticus 4. Numbers 5. Deuteronomy Abraham’s Covenant • The story of the Israelites begins with Abraham, the forefather, and the covenant he made with God. • Covenant = a contract, or binding agreement • The covenant that God made with Abraham commonly referred to as the "Abrahamic Covenant" begins to unfold in Genesis 12. • In that passage, god calls Abraham to leave his people in Ur, take his wife and move to “the promised land” Canaan. Abraham’s Journey from Ur 2085-2075 BC Canaan The “Promised Land” • There are three main features to the Abrahamic Covenant: • 1. The promise of land - God called Abraham from Ur to a land that he would give him (Canaan). • 2. The promise of descendants. God promised Abraham that he would make a great nation out of him. Abraham, who was 75 years old and childless was promised many descendants (he later conceived Isaac with his wife Sarah). • 3. The promise of blessing and protection. God promised to bless Abraham and the families of the earth through him. • In return, Abraham and his people would worship one god and ONLY one god Abraham’s Journeys The Binding of Isaac • According to the biblical story, God commands Abraham to offer his son Isaac as a sacrifice. • After Isaac is bound to an altar, the angel of God stops Abraham at the last minute, saying "now I know you fear God." • At this point Abraham sees a ram caught in some nearby bushes and sacrifices the ram instead of Isaac. Moses •According to the Book of Exodus, Moses was born in a time when his people, the Children of Israel, were increasing in number •The Egyptian Pharaoh (Amenhotep II) was worried that they might help Egypt's enemies. •Other accounts suggest that there was a famine in Judea (Israel) that forced the Israelites to Egypt for sustenance. In Egypt, the Israelites were forced into slavery Moses • Moses' mother hid him in a reed basket when the Pharaoh ordered all newborn Hebrew boys to be killed. Moses and the Burning Bush • After killing an Egyptian slave-master, Moses fled across the Red Sea where he encountered the God of Israel in the form of a "burning bush". • God sent Moses to request the release of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt. The Ten Plagues: Let My People Go! John Martin's painting of the plague of hail and fire (1823). The Exodus Parting of the Red Sea Route of the Exodus Moses and the 10 Commandments A new “covenant” with god The Golden Calf Mount Sinai St. Catherine’s Monastery at Mount Sinai Judaism Still Practiced Today