Transcript Re-using Common Pillars

This study comes with a need to develop an approach
to Muslim people that allows for communication and
not conflict.
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A shift in attitudes is necessary in the following areas:
1. From our Greco Roman theological and missiological
positions to one that is more Semitic.
2. To move from the apologetic to the pastoral.
3. From individualism to Community based approaches.
4. From exclusive to inclusive.
5. From a Political approach to a Biblical one.
6. From an ecclesiastic approach to a Kingdom approach (see
Peter Phan).
7. Understanding Kwame Bediako’s “Theology of Identity”
Wansbrough shows
• Northern Arabs invade a political vacuum
after Romans leave.
• These are “Arab Jews” who have
contextualised Judaism into a secular or Arab
form
• Islam forms over a period until 800AD then
• clerics take over, ibn Hanbal, Shafi, Maliki,
Hanafi Madhabs.
• Question: To develop a confessional
community takes years if not centuries,
Christianity took some 33+ years, and was
still chaotic until Constantine in 325
summoned the Council of Nicaea. How did
Islam come to a rapid confessional and
ritualist position so soon after the death of
its supposed founder? Was there a short cut?
Common Monotheistic
Religious Traits
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Names and terms for various parts of Islam.
Emblems; initiations rites, acts, rituals
Creeds; membership rules,
Catechisms, dogmatic formulae
Identity, polemic visa sis other communities
Consolidation, conversion
Orthodoxy- instruction
Qur’anic complaint
• Jews could not be trusted as they had killed the
Prophets.
• Christians had turned to worshipping three gods.
• (Orientalists produced a story that was based upon
erroneous texts. Hadis (Schacht-none true, Moh. Only 73
true out of 600,000) or Qur’an. Thus the story is inherently
false. Like taking the stories of Terminator and deducing a
real figure. Hadis used to controlling and influencing people
in the absence of codified law and traditions.)
Arab Corrective
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The Qur’an seeks to defend Isa al Masih
As Kalimatullah –Word of God
Ruh Allah- Spirit of God
Al Masih- the Messiah
Ibn Mariam- son of Mary
Judaism and Islam
• The historical interaction of Judaism and Islam
started in the 7th century AD with the origin and
spread of Islam in the Arabian peninsula. Because
Islam has its foundation in Judaism and share a
common origin in the Middle East through
Abraham, both are considered Abrahamic religions.
There are many shared aspects between Judaism
and Islam: Islam is similar to Judaism in its
fundamental religious outlook, structure,
jurisprudence and practice
Abraham
• Judaism and Islam are known as "Abrahamic religions
• The first Abrahamic religion was Judaism as practiced in the
wilderness of the Sinai peninsula subsequent to the Exodus
of the Hebrews from Egypt and continuing as the Hebrews
entered the land of Canaan to conquer and settle it.. The
firstborn son of Abraham, Ishmael, is considered by Muslims
to be the Father of the Arabs. Abraham's second son Isaac is
called Father of the Hebrews. In Islamic tradition Isaac is
viewed as the grandfather of all Israelites and the promised
son of Abraham from his barren wife Sarah.
Adam
Noah
Shem
Ham
Japheth
TIMELINE OF WORLD RELIGION
Abraham
Hagar
Sarah
Ishmael
(Arab)
Isaac
12
Princes
Esau
Jacob/Israel
12 Tribes
Keturah
Zimran,
Jokshan,
Medan,
Ishbak,
Shuah
Moses
David
All the
Prophets
Jesus, the Christ
Mohammed
The Seed of Abraham,
the last Adam
Palestine
(non-Arab)
Chinese
and
Africans
Gentiles
Europeans
Shared concepts
1. Holy scriptures
• Islam and Judaism share the idea of a
revealed Scripture. Even though they differ
over the precise text and its interpretations,
the Hebrew Torah and the Muslim Qur'an
share a lot of narrative as well as injunctions.
From this, they share many other
fundamental religious concepts such as the
belief in a day of Divine Judgment.
2. Religious law
• Judaism and Islam are unique in having
systems of religious law based on oral
tradition that can override the written laws
and that does not distinguish between holy
and secular spheres. In Islam the laws are
called ‘Sharia’, In Judaism they are known as
‘Halakha’. Both Judaism and Islam consider
the study of religious law to be a form of
worship and an end in itself. (Sunni)
3. Rules of conduct
• The most obvious common practice is the
statement of the absolute unity of God, which
Muslims observe in their five times daily prayers
(Salah), and Jews state at least twice (Shema
Yisrael), along with praying 3 times daily. The two
faiths also share the central practices of fasting and
almsgiving, as well as dietary laws and other
aspects of ritual purity. Under the strict dietary
laws, lawful food is called Kosher in Judaism and
Halal in Islam.
Luke 12:3
What you have said in the dark will be heard in the daylight, and
what you have whispered in the ear in the inner rooms will be
proclaimed from the roofs. Jewish culture lives on!
Some thoughts on Judaism and
Islam.
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Colin Chapman sees three reasons to dis-qualify an
association with these two religions.
Mohammed was too creative in adding his own
interpretation to the Joseph story Surah 12.
His teaching was influenced by the negative response from
the Jews. The change of the Qiblah and the linking of
Abraham with Mecca are given as examples.
The Jewish people had special privileges from God.
All these can be countered by taking on board the idea of a
theology of identity.
Maxime Rodinson.
• The name ‘Ishmaelite’ is synonymous to Arabs amongst
Christians and Jews: Book of Jubelees 150 BC. Flavius
Josephus 100AD. Also called Hagarenes, Agarenians. Jewish
text the Sapiencial Poem 2nd part of the book of Baruch
called sons of Agar (Baruch 3 v 33)
• European Christians thought that the word Saracen came
from Sara. ( this they had that association)
• Simeon, son of Kamitos, high priest is predecessor of
Caiaphas the high Priest is also called Ishmael in the Talmud.
• Paul Kruger welcomed Indian merchants in South Africa
called them Ishmaelites.
• Massignon, using Lammens work, said that Islam “was an
Arabic adaption of Biblical monotheism”
• Ishmael is circumcised, before Isaac, into the Abrahamic
covenant. And becomes the champion of the Arab
genealogical claim.
• The Ishmaelites originate from the NW of Arabia
(Nabateans) NOT all Arabs.
• NW Arabs used ‘El’ for God, Central and Southern used
Allah. Later changed to make a distinction for Arabs.
• Snouck Hurgronje shows that it is when Mohammed is in
Medina that he discovers the link with Abraham. THERFORE
anything Jewish is by way of inheritance and osmosis from
visiting traders.
Jewish SECTS
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The plethora of Jewish sects and their interpretation of the
OT. Denominations of Judaism: Jewish movements, often
referred to as denominations, branches or sects of Judaism,
differ from each other in some beliefs and thus in the way
they observe Judaism. Differences between Jewish
movements, in contrast to differences between Christian
denominations, derive from interpreting Jewish scriptures in
more progressive/liberal or more traditional/conservative
ways rather then from theological differences.
Jewish sects
• 1. Orthodox Judaism:
Orthodox Jews believe that God gave Moses the whole Torah
(Written and Oral) at Mount Sinai. Orthodox Jews believe that
the Torah contains 613 mitzvot (commandments)
• 2. Conservative Judaism:
Conservative Judaism maintains that the ideas in the Torah
come from God, but were transmitted by humans and contain
a human component.
• 3. Reform Judaism:
Reform Judaism believes that the Torah was written by
different human sources, rather than by God, and then later
combined.
• 4. Reconstructionist Judaism:
Reconstructionists believe that Judaism is an
"evolving religious civilization." In one way it is
more liberal than Reform Judaism.
• 5. Humanistic Judaism:
Humanistic Judaism, founded in 1963 in
Detroit, Michigan by Rabbi Sherwin T. Wine,
offers a nontheistic alternative in
contemporary Jewish life.
SHIA GENEOLOGY FROM ADAM