Transcript Judaism - University of Mount Union

Judaism
Covenant made with G-d
Jewish History
Before and After the
destruction of the Second
Temple
The Two Periods
Period One


Part One
Biblical Judaism
• Nomadic people
established a nation
with Jerusalem as
capital.
• Great development
• First temple
destroyed and
people exiled

Part two
• Temple rebuilt
• Hebrew Bible
created
• Study of Scriptures
and prayer
• Synagogue life
developed
Period Two


Part One
Rabbinical
Judaism
• Judaism evolved
• Traditional
Jewish life
established
• Occurred 100 C.E.
to 1800 C.E.

Part Two
• Questions were
raised in response to
the new thinking-Enlightenment
• The REFORM
movement developed
• It modernized
traditional Judaism
• It helped produce
diverse branches
within Judaism
Period 1
Part 1
Biblical History
(Period 1 - Part 1)
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
In the Beginning: The Stories of
Origins
Adam and Eve, Cain and Abel, the
Great Flood, Abraham, Canaan,
Covenant, Jacob . . .
Adam and Eve
Before the Fall
–
After the Fall
Other Events
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
Cain and Abel, the Great Flood
The Call of Abraham, Passover,
Moses and the Law, Judges and
Kings, Prophets, Babylonian
exile, first temple destruction,
Sabbath, Second Temple built.
Cain and Abel
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
In a fit of
jealous rage
Cain
murders his
brother Abel
“Am I My
Brother’s
Keeper?”
Noah and the Great
Flood

Destruction

Promise
Abraham

The Father of
Many Nations
• Jews
• Christians
• Muslims
Abram

Judaism starts
with the Patriarch
Abraham whose
name was changed
from Abram. It is
to him that God
made a promise
that he would be
the father of many
nations.
Abraham

Called by God
Abraham’s journey

Abraham moved to Palestine around
4000 BCE. This was part of God’s
promise.
The Mighty Nation
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The descendents
of Abraham
settled in Egypt
where they had
become slaves.
They cried to God
for deliverance
from bondage of
slavery.
God called Moses
to lead them.
Moses
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
Moses is a main
figure in Jewish
history.
Born to a Jew
he was rescued
from the Nile by
the daughter of
the Pharaoh of
Egypt .
Moses
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
He grew up
probably as both an
Egyptian and a
Jew. Although he
was in the house of
Pharaoh he was
"nursed/raised" by
his birth mother.
He was raised to
be a leader and
became second in
command of Egypt.
Moses Flees

It was discovered that he was a Jew and had to
leave because he murdered an Egyptian.
The Call of Moses

He later returns
to Egypt after
the burning bush
experience to
lead the
Israelites out of
Egypt.
Moses Before Pharaoh

Moses comes
before Pharaoh
and tells
Pharaoh to let
God’s people go.
Pharaoh’s Response
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
Pharaoh
refuses.
Moses then
issues forth
the ten
plagues.
Final Plague

When the Pharaoh refused Moses’ last
request the final plague was issued-the death of every firstborn male.
The Passover
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
The Jews were
instructed to put
blood on their
doorposts.
When the Angel
of Death came it
“passed over”
the homes with
blood on the
doorposts.
Haste

Pharaoh relented and let the Israelites
leave. They had to make preparations to
leave quickly.
Change


Pharaoh changed
his mind and
decided to chase
the Israelites.
According the the
Hebrew Bible as
the Israelites, lead
by Moses, stood at
the Red Sea or the
Sea of Reeds, God
acted on their
behalf and parted
the waters.
The Deliverance

According to the Jews in the
deliverance three things were
affirmed.
• Yahweh is the creator of the
universe
• Yahweh chose the Israelites
• The Jews are to reveal Yahweh to
the rest of the world.
God’s Deliverance

God, by way of
Moses, led the
descendents of
Abraham out of
slavery. A covenant
was established by
way of the Ten
Commandments
and the Laws of
Moses.
Results of the Covenant




Yahweh is the the God not only of all
creation but The Israelites
The Israelites are God’s people.
Jewish communal life was
established
The Pentateuch (the first five books
of the Hebrew Bible) tells the history
and regulates the community.
The New Land: Canaan
The Judges

Deborah was a
woman judge.
She rend
judgment for the
people.
Kings and Dynasties
King Saul
King David
King Solomon
Period 1
Part 2
Exile and Captivity
(Period 1 - Part 2)
“By the rivers of Babylon-there we sat down and
there we wept when we
remembered Zion.”
A People in Exile
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Nebuchadnezzar II, in
586 B.C.E., destroyed
Solomon’s temple and
took the “aristocracy”
and a large part of the
population out of
Jerusalem to
Babylonia.
During this exile Jews
began to meet, to talk
about the scriptures
and to pray.
The Sabbath service
developed during this
time.
The Sabbath

Sabbath service included
•
•
•
•


worship
study
sermon
psalms
These were performed at a synagogue.
The oral Hebrew religious traditions were
written down.
Transition in the Exile

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The Jews began to
assimilate various
influences into their
way of life from the
Babylonians.
Knowledge of Hebrew
declined and Aramaic
became the common
tongue.
The sense of an active
evil spirit called
“Satan” and the cosmic
battle between good
and evil emerged.
Period 2
Part 1
Second Temple Era
(Period 2 - Part 1)
Intercultural Conflict
Returning Home and the
Second Temple
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
The Persian
overthrew the
Babylonians and in
540 B.C.E. Cyrus
came to the throne
and allowed the
Jews to return to
Jerusalem.
The returned exiles
rebuilt their
temple.
The Second Temple
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

This started a new era,
called the period of the
Second Temple.
The Temple played a
prominent role in
Jewish life both at home
and abroad.
The role of the priest
became more
prominent.
Greeks attempted to
rule the Jews.
The Seleucid
Period



Antiochus IV took over
the temple in 167
B.C.E.
Jews rebelled lead by
a family called the
Maccabees
(Hasmoneans) and
took control of the
temple and
rededicated it.
The festival of
Hanukkah is a
celebration of the
event.
Conflicts
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
There was much antagonism
between the Jewish culture and
Greek (Hellenistic) culture.
Jews were not easily absorbed
into the dominant culture. e.g.
• males were circumcised, dietary
restrictions, Sabbath prohibitions.
Responses
In response to Hellenistic
culture major factions
emerged.
4 Major
Responses

The Sadducees
• Priestly families in
charge of the
temples and its
activities.
Traditional who
accepted the Torah.

The Pharisees
• They wanted to
preserve tradition
and primarily
focussed on keeping
the law and
emphasized daily
religious practice.
They accepted more
of the books as
canonical and they
valued the oral
tradition of Moses.
4 Major Responses

The Zealots
• They opposed
foreign rule and did
anything in their
power to remove
foreign influence.
They sometimes
used violence to
achieve their goals.

Essenes
• There were several
thousand, lived a
communal, celibate life
in the desert n ear the
Dead Sea, rejected
animal sacrifice, and
avoided meat and wine.
The Development of
Rabbinical Judaism
The Rabbis rise to the
occasion
Destruction of the
Second Temple
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In 70 B.C.E. the Romans destroyed
the Second Temple; this greatly
changed Jewish life.
It did two things
• It ended the power of the priesthood.
• It forced Judaism to move from the
Temple being the center to a central
focus on scripture and ceremony.
Sources
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Slide 12 –
http://www.bibleuniverse.com/images/grandmas/abrah
am-pray.jpg
http://religion-cults.com/art/abraham.gif
Slide 19 –
http://www.wels.net/wmc/Downloads/clipart2/Sabc076
.gif
Slide 32 –
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/kids/bible/bible1116/OldTest/pix/54.jpg
http://www.execulink.com/~wblank/david.jpg
http://www.occultopedia.com/images/solomon1.jpg
Sources
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Slide 35 –
http://www.thenewagesite.com/jjdewey/gathering/
chapter26.php
Slide 37 –
http://sd71.bc.ca/sd71/school/courtenayjr/School/JUDAISM/history/Tower_of_BabelTN.JPG
Slide 40 – http://www.reformation.org/cyrus.jpg
Slide 43 –
http://www.mystae.com/images/antiochus.gif
http://www.sundayschoolcourses.com/apocrypha/j
udas.gif
Sources
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Slide 46 –
http://www.execulink.com/~wblank/pries
t.gif
http://www.hillcrestchapel.com/prayer_tr
aining/pharisees.gif
Slide 47 –
http://www.bikebrats.com/mideast/israel
/is19sm.jpg
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/
shows/religion/portrait/essenes.html