Transcript RELA Holocaust Background Part I

“It is curious…curious
that physical courage
should be so common in
the world, and moral
courage so rare.”
-Mark Twain
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Why are we studying
German History in
English class?
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1. To gain insight about
Hitler’s actions.
2. It never hurts to hear
things twice.
3. In order to prevent
this from happening
again.
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What is
Judaism?
Let’s look at the some of
the ideas and things that
are celebrated in the
Jewish faith.
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Cabbala/Kabbalah
• Literally translated
Cabbala means
'Received,’ and 'handed
down.' Cabbala is based
on a mystical method of
interpreting Scripture
developed by rabbis,
reaching its peak during
the 12th and 13th
centuries, influencing
certain medieval and
Renaissance Christian
thinkers.
Hasidism
From Hebrew ‘Hasid’ meaning
"pious one“. The practice of a
12th and 13th century Jewish
religious movement in Germany
that combined severe religious
manner with overtones of
mysticism. It sought favor with
the common people, who had
grown dissatisfied with more
formal ritualism and had turned
their attention to developing a
personal spiritual life, as
reflected in the movement's
great work, Sefer Hasidim
Kaddish
• A classic Jewish prayer
consisting of three or six
verses, recited at
specified points during
each of the three daily
services and on certain
other occasions.
Maimonides
• A major medieval rabbi,
physician, scientist, and
philosopher, known by
the acronym RaMBaM
(Rabbi Moses ben
Maimon). Born in Spain,
Maimonides fled from
persecution to Morocco
and finally settled in
Egypt. He was one of the
major theologians of
Judaism.
Passover
(Pesach) The major Jewish spring holiday
also known as hag hamatzot (festival of
unleavened bread) commemorating the
Exodus or deliverance of the Hebrew people
from Egypt. The festival lasts eight days,
during which Jews refrain from eating all
leavened foods and products. A special ritual
meal called the Seder is prepared, and a
traditional narrative called the Haggadah,
supplemented by hymns and songs, marks
the event.
Pentecost
• A festival, that
commemorates
God's giving of the
Ten
Commandments to
Moses.
Phylactries
• Two small leather boxes,
each containing strips of
parchment inscribed with
quotations from the
Hebrew Scriptures, one
of which is strapped to
the forehead and the
other to the left arm;
traditionally worn by
Jewish men during
morning worship, except
on the Sabbath and
holidays.
Rabbi
• A person trained in
Jewish law, ritual, and
tradition and ordained
for leadership of a Jewish
congregation, especially
one serving as chief
religious official of a
synagogue.
A Jewish high holy day that marks the beginning of the
Jewish New Year
Rosh Hashanah
Synagogue
• In Judaism, a house of worship and learning; also, the
congregation that meets there.
Talmud
The collection of Jewish law and tradition
consisting of the Mishnah and the Gemara .
Torah
• The law on which
Judaism is founded
(torah is Hebrew for
“law”). This law is
contained in the first five
books of the Bible. Torah
can also refer to the
entire body of Jewish law
and wisdom, including
what is contained in oral
tradition.
Yom Kippur
In Judaism, the
Day of
Atonement, the
most important
religious
holiday; a day
of fasting to
atone for sins.
It comes in
autumn.
Zionism
The belief that Jews should have their own
nation; Jewish nationalism. Zionism gained
much support among Jews and others in the
early twentieth century, and the hoped-for
nation was established in the late 1940s in
Palestine, as the state of Israel.
Zohar
• A medieval mystical work,
consisting chiefly of
interpretations of and
commentaries on the
Pentateuch (first five
books of the Old
Testament): the definitive
work of Jewish Cabbala.
MAJOR EVENTS LEADING UP TO THE
HOLOCAUST
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The Rise of the Nazi Party
1918-1933
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The Rise of Nazi Party
1918
End of
WWI
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1919
Treaty of
Versailles
Establishment
German
Workers'
Party
1920
1923
Establishment
National
Socialist German
Workers' Party
The Beer
Hall
Putsch
The Rise of Nazi Party
1925
Mein Kampf
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1929
The Great
Depression
1932
1933
Paul
Hitler
Hitler
vonHindenburg
runs for
President
becomes
Chancellor
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Signing the Treaty of Versailles
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What was the Treaty of
Versailles?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Occurred in June 1919 – marked the formal conclusion of the war between
Germany and the Entente Powers (to end WWI)
Was abhorred by the German people because it was written entirely by the victors
Required Germany to relinquish it territories, including prized colonies in Africa
– Lost control of coal mines in Africa as well ($$$$)
Dismantled German navy, and limited it’s army to 100,000 men
Reparations in upwards of $31 billion were exacted
“War Guilt Clause” - Article #231 of the treaty stipulated that Germany must
accept complete and total responsibility of the war
– Embarrassment and shame
– Many felt the German government had stabbed it’s people in the back
Set the stage for people to want change!
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Young Hitler
-Grew up in wealthy Vienna,
Austria, but was poor as a child
-Studied antisemitic literature as
a youth and formed the notion
that Jewish people and the
working class were the reasons
behind society’s rejection of
aristocratic and artistic
-Wanted to be a painter, but was
unable to pass entrance exams
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Hitler in Prison
Hitler was sentenced to prison in 1924 for his role in the Beer Hall
Putsch, which was the Nazi Party’s unsuccessful attempt to take over
the German government in November 1923. It was during this prison
sentence that he wrote his famous book, Mein Kampf.
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Mein Kampf
First published in 1925, Mein Kampf
, translated as My Struggle, was
Hitler’s masterpiece – it detailed
Hitler’s idea about races, religions, and
the idea of the “perfect race.”
The book detailed Hitler’s ideas
about his plans for a “master race”
and how under his leadership, he
would help the Germans eliminate the
Jewish people.
Even though the Nazi Party was a
still a minority in 1932, the started
gaining power. They soon became the
largest political party and gained
control of Germany.
The book glorified the Nazi ideology,
and by 1945, it had sold more than 6
million copies.
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The Great
Depression
Strikes
U.S.A. and
Germany
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Paul von Hindenburg
Defeated Hitler…
Paul von Hindenburg defeated
Hitler in a run-off election in
1932
• at this point , it was clear that no
German government would
function without Nazi support,
but Hitler was not elected
•January 30, 1933, Hindenburg
reluctantly appoints Hitler
Chancellor of Germany , even
though he despised him
•It was with this appointment that
the Nazi Party gained significant
support and power in Germany
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Hitler Runs for President
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Chancellor of Germany
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Nazification of Germany
1933-1939
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Nazification of Germany
February
The Reichstag
Fire
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March
Dachau
1935
1934
1933
April
The
Anti-Jewish
Laws
Hindenburg
Nuremberg
Rhineland
Dies
Laws
Invasion
Reichsfuhrer
Nazification of Germany
1936
Berlin
Olympics
1938
1939
March
October
November
August
September 1st
Anschluss
Sudetenland
Kristallnacht
Non-Aggression
Germany
Pact With
Soviet
Invades
Poland
Union
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The Reichstag Fire
February 27. 1933 – Reichstag Building is set afire – Hitler accuses a
Dutch communist of arson and subsequently suspends all civil liberties.
Many people believed that the Nazis set the fires themselves, using it as
a pretext to crack down on their political enemies.
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The Reichstag Fire was
simply the beginning…
Over the next two decades,
Hitler systematically
eliminated the civil rights
and liberties of not only one
group of people, but of
entire nations.
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The First Political Prisoners
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