Transcript Egypt Notes
Take out homework Paragraph on Aim Land of the Pharaohs Aim: How was Egypt united and what role did pharaohs play in ancient Egypt? Do Now: Take out paragraph on Aim 5,000 years ago – villages were thriving Increase in trade along the Nile Use of Egyptian Boats Trade Gold - jewelry Papyrus - silver Transportation - cloth - timber Two Kingdoms Wars between villages Upper Egypt – supported king with a white crown Lower Egypt – supported king with a red crown United Kingdoms Menes – king of Upper Egypt who united Upper and Lower Egypt His army overthrew king of Lower Egypt Now wore a double crown of red and white Unification – the joining of separate parts into one Pharaoh Menes Menes became the first pharaoh Title used for ancient rulers of Egypt Absolute power and thought to be a god Three time periods of Egypt Old Kingdom – 2500 B.C. Middle Kingdom – 1800 B.C. New Kingdom – 1300 B.C. Land of the Pharaohs Aim: How was the economy and religion significant to ancient Egypt? Do Now: What does the word economy mean? Land of the Pharaohs Aim: How was the economy and religion significant to ancient Egypt? Do Now: What does the word economy mean? Religion Priests have political power as well as religious Pharaoh - child of sun god Ra Polytheism - Belief in many different gods Government Local leaders made area governors Collect taxes Local judges Reported to pharaoh’s headquarters in Memphis – capital city of Egypt Economy Economy – the way a country or people manage money and resources for the production of goods and services All things in kingdom belonged to the pharaoh Based on: agriculture Trade Afterlife Central to the religion of Egypt After person dies, go on to the “Next World” Could take food or objects with them Mummification – bodies dried and wrapped in strips of cloth For Egyptian royalty Egyptian Sarcophagus Land of the Pharaohs Aim: What was the importance of having scribes and a system of writing in ancient Egypt? Do Now: Take out worksheet A System of Writing Hieroglyphics – ancient Egyptian form of writing that used symbols to stand for objects, ideas, or sounds A System of Writing Why is writing so important? Record keeping Communication Religion Keep track of details Scribes Scribe – people who traveled throughout Egypt to keep records of details Recorded How much grain farmers harvested How much farmers owed to the government Drafted letters and marriage contracts Highly respected because few were literate – able to read and write Scribes Only boys could become scribes Wrote on papyrus – a reed plant that grows along the Nile used sharpened reeds as pens Rosetta Stone A.D. 400 – hieroglyphics fell out of use and meaning was lost 18th century – large stone found with a passage written in hieroglyphics and Greek Could now compare the Greek to hieroglyphics and decode the language **The Rosetta Stone allowed historians to discover more details about Ancient Egypt** Building the Pyramids Aim: Why were pyramids built? Do Now: Open Egyptian Website link on website. Building the Pyramids Pyramids – stone structures built as tombs for pharaohs The Great Pyramid Pharaoh Khufu ordered construction in 2600 B.C. 20 years and 100,000 people to build Entire cliffs were cut into blocks to make the pyramid Building the Great Pyramid Avg. weight of blocks – 2.5 tons Total blocks – 2,300,000 Blocks per day – 285 Building the Great Pyramid Use Nile River to transport materials Ramp theory – gradually sloping ramps Stones pulled up ramps by laborers Blocks made of limestone and granite The Great Pyramid Each side faces the four cardinal directions perfectly North, South, East, and West 481 feet high Angles of sides - 51degrees Old Kingdom Many pharaohs building pyramids These projects took there toll on Egypt’s Economy People Anger began to grow 2000 B.C. leaders in Upper Egypt rebel and set up a new pharaoh Capital in Thebes What is a necropolis? What is the importance of mound-shaped structures for Egyptians? What is a mastaba? What is difficult about making a flat sided pyramid? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y9BDk4iS8nY 0-16:00